SIST EN 820-4:2009

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Hochleistungskeramik - Thermomechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik - Teil 4: Bestimmung der Kriechverformung unter Biegebeanspruchung bei erhöhten TemperaturenCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés thermomécaniques des céramiques monolithiques - Partie 4: Détermination de la déformation par fluage en flexion à températures élevéesAdvanced technical ceramics - Thermomechanical properties of monolithic ceramics - Part 4: Determination of flexural creep deformation at elevated temperatures81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 820-4:2009SIST EN 820-4:2009en,fr,de01-september-2009SIST EN 820-4:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 820-4:20021DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 820-4July 2009ICS 81.060.30Supersedes ENV 820-4:2001
English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Thermomechanical properties ofmonolithic ceramics - Part 4: Determination of flexural creepdeformation at elevated temperaturesCéramiques techniques avancées - Propriétésthermomécaniques des céramiques monolithiques - Partie4 : Détermination de la déformation par fluage en flexion àtempératures élevéesHochleistungskeramik - ThermomechanischeEigenschaften monolithischer Keramik - Teil 4:Bestimmung der Kriechverformung unterBiegebeanspruchung bei erhöhten TemperaturenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 820-4:2009: ESIST EN 820-4:2009

EN 1006, Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples - Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995) EN 60584-2, Thermocouples - Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1989 + A1:1989) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 creep time-dependent non-elastic deformation of a material under an applied stress 3.2 creep rupture failure of a test piece under nominally constant loading conditions resulting from an accumulation of microstructural damage 3.3 stress rupture catastrophic extension of a flaw having previously grown subcritically under constant nominal stress leading to failure of the test piece SIST EN 820-4:2009

The analysis given in this European Standard (see 8.6) produces purely nominal data, assuming that the actual maximum nominal stress in the test piece is linearly proportional to the test force applied and is constant during the test. Moreover, an additional assumption of linear dependence of strain on stress is made for some deflection measurement methods. Furthermore, it does not give engineering creep data equivalent to separate pure tensile or compressive conditions. In many cases, the creep rate dependence is to the maximum stress, and can differ in tension and compression. Typically, the true maximum stress in the test piece is less than that calculated using Equation 1 because of faster relaxation at higher stress levels, and the true surface strain rate can be greater than a linear prediction in certain geometrical arrangements for determining the deformation, particularly if this is done using the relative displacement of the loading system. The Bibliography contains references to more detailed theoretical analyses of flexural creep accounting for such non-linearities. 5 Principle The method involves supporting a bar test piece on two supports near its ends, heating it to the required elevated temperature which is maintained constant, applying a force to two loading points spaced symmetrically between the support points, and recording the deflection of the test bar with time. The deflection of the test piece is measured indirectly and continuously or at appropriate time intervals during the test using the displacement of the loading system (see e.g. Figure 1a), or by using contacting extensometer rods at given positions on the test piece (see e.g. Figures 1b to 1e). The indirect measurement of deflection (Figure 1a) is converted into a nominal maximum surface strain in the test piece assuming a linear relationship between stress and accumulated strain. Similar assumptions are involved in analysing deflections between support points and the span centre (Figure 1b and 1c). When employing displacement measurement between the loading points and the span centre (Figures 1d and 1e), the analysis assumes uniform curvature of the test piece, a linear relationship between strain and distance from the neutral axis, and equal behaviour in tension and compression. The slope of the strain/time curve can be converted to a creep strain rate. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Creep test loading jig The test jig is essentially a four-point bend flexural test jig similar to that described in EN 820-1 for flexural strength testing at elevated temperatures. It comprises a pair of parallel 5 mm diameter support rods positioned 40 mm apart on a refractory supporting structure. These rods shall be free to roll to eliminate friction effects. In contrast to the articulating requirement in EN 820-1, articulation is not required provided that the rods are accurately parallel in the horizontal plane to within 0,001 mm per mm length of rod. SIST EN 820-4:2009

The loading block shall be guided appropriately such that the loading rods are positioned mid-way between the support rods, thus centrally loading a test piece when placed on the support rods. The parts of the loading jig shall be constructed from a ceramic material which is anticipated to be more resistant to deformation than the materials under test. In addition the support and loading rods shall be of a material which does not chemically react with the test piece. NOTE 2 Suitable materials include high-purity alumina for use with most oxide-based test pieces, or sintered silicon carbide for most non-oxide ceramics. NOTE 3 Test jig parts manufactured from sintered silicon carbide or other silicon-based non-oxide ceramics develop oxidation films in a short period of time when exposed to temperatures typically above 1 300 °C in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. This can cause prevention of rolling of rollers and impairment of jig function. 6.2 Heating device A heating device surrounds the loading jig in such a manner as permit access to the jig for the purposes of mounting and demounting test pieces. The heating device shall be capable of maintaining a constant test piece temperature to ± 3 °C over the duration of the test.
The temperature of the test piece shall be recorded using a thermocouple manufactured in accordance with EN 60584-2 allowing the use of reference tables in EN 60584-1 or, alternatively calibrated in a manner traceable to the International temperature scale ITS-90. The tip of the thermocouple shall be close to but not touching the test piece. It shall previously have been determined that the temperature of the test piece does not vary by more than ± 3 °C over its length when temperature has stabilized for more than 30 min. The heating device can incorporate or be incorporated within a vacuum or other appropriate chamber for control
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