SIST EN IEC 62065:2026

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 62065:2025
01-marec-2025
Pomorska plovba ter radiokomunikacijski sistemi in oprema - Sistemi za nadzor
spremljanja - Obratovalne in zmogljivostne zahteve, preskusne metode in
zahtevani rezultati preskušanja
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Track control
systems - Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required
test results
Navigations- und Funkkommunikationsgeräte und -systeme für die Seeschifffahrt -
Bahnregelungssysteme - Betriebs- und Leistungsanforderungen, Prüfverfahren und
geforderte Prüfergebnisse
Matériels et systèmes de navigation et de radiocommunication maritimes - Systèmes de
contrôle de route - Exigences opérationnelles et de fonctionnement, méthodes d'essai et
résultats exigibles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 62065:2025
ICS:
33.060.01 Radijske komunikacije na Radiocommunications in
splošno general
47.020.70 Navigacijska in krmilna Navigation and control
oprema equipment
oSIST prEN IEC 62065:2025 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN IEC 62065:2025
oSIST prEN IEC 62065:2025
80/1134/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 62065 ED3
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2025-01-17 2025-04-11
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
80/1121/CD, 80/1133/CC
IEC TC 80 : MARITIME NAVIGATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
United Kingdom Mr Kim Fisher
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
TC 18
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
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The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
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Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant “In Some
Countries” clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is
the final stage for submitting ISC clauses. (SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).

TITLE:
Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - Track control systems -
Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2030
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1 CONTENTS
3 FOREWORD . 7
4 1 Scope . 9
5 2 Normative references . 9
6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 10
7 3.1 Terms and definitions . 10
8 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 14
9 4 Application of this document . 15
10 5 Requirements . 16
11 5.1 General . 16
12 5.2 Operational requirements . 16
13 5.2.1 Functionality . 16
14 5.2.2 Accuracy and performance constraint documentation . 21
15 5.2.3 Alerts . 21
16 5.3 Ergonomic criteria . 25
17 5.3.1 Operational controls . 25
18 5.3.2 Presentation of information . 26
19 5.4 Interfacing. 27
20 5.4.1 Sensors . 27
21 5.4.2 Standards . 27
22 5.5 Fall-back arrangements . 27
23 5.5.1 General . 27
24 5.5.2 Failure of position . 29
25 5.5.3 Failure of the heading . 29
26 6 Methods of test and required test results . 30
27 6.1 General . 30
28 6.1.1 General, safety and environmental tests . 30
29 6.1.2 Identification of the equipment under test . 30
30 6.1.3 Execution of operational tests . 31
31 6.2 Test setup . 31
32 6.2.1 General . 31
33 6.2.2 Ship motion simulator . 33
34 6.2.3 Test scenarios . 34
35 6.2.4 Preparing the EUT . 34
36 6.3 TCS mode, adaptation and turn performance . 34
37 6.3.1 Execute track control under undisturbed conditions . 34
38 6.3.2 Turn performance (~A) . 39
39 6.3.3 Adaptation . 39
40 6.3.4 Rudder activity. 41
41 6.4 Starting requirements . 42
42 6.4.1 Plausibility and correctness of geometric limits . 42
43 6.4.2 Ship’s manoeuvrability . 43
44 6.4.3 Start track control on the pre-planned track . 43
45 6.5 Primary position, heading and speed and the use of faulty sensors . 44
46 6.6 Position monitoring . 44
47 6.7 Course change behaviour . 45
48 6.8 Change of waypoints. 46
49 6.9 Changing mode . 46

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50 6.9.1 Manual changeover from track control to manual steering . 46
51 6.9.2 Manual changeover from track control to heading control . 47
52 6.10 Heading monitoring . 47
53 6.11 End of track . 47
54 6.12 Documentation . 48
55 6.13 Alerts . 48
56 6.13.1 General . 48
57 6.13.2 Power supply . 49
58 6.13.3 Cross track . 49
59 6.13.4 Course difference . 49
60 6.13.5 Low speed . 50
61 6.13.6 TC stopped . 50
62 6.14 Back-up navigator call . 50
63 6.15 Operational controls . 51
64 6.16 Presentation . 51
65 6.16.1 General . 51
66 6.16.2 Information to be presented . 51
67 6.17 Interfacing. 52
68 6.18 Sensor failure and fallback . 53
69 6.18.1 Sensor status failure . 53
70 6.18.2 Failure of track control . 53
71 6.18.3 Failure of position . 53
72 6.18.4 Failure of heading . 54
73 6.19 Control of pre-planned speed by TCS . 55
74 Annex A (normative) Graphical description of sequences . 56
75 Annex B (informative) Along-track speed control . 58
76 B.1 General . 58
77 B.2 Planning . 58
78 B.3 Execution – Commanded speed generation . 58
79 B.3.1 Required speed-of-advance . 58
80 B.3.2 Leg speed. 58
81 B.3.3 Operator-specified speed . 58
82 B.4 Execution – Propulsion control . 59
83 B.4.1 Open-loop propulsion control . 59
84 B.4.2 Closed-loop propulsion control. 59
85 B.5 Execution – Speed monitor . 59
86 B.6 Displays . 59
87 B.7 Failure and alerts . 59
88 B.7.1 Loss of speed sensor . 59
89 B.7.2 Speed not controlled . 59
90 B.7.3 Time profile infeasible. 59
91 B.7.4 Speed controller malfunction . 59
92 B.8 Changeover controls and termination of automatic speed control . 59
93 Annex C (informative) Track control systems with dual controllers . 60
94 C.1 General . 60
95 C.2 Change over from active to back-up heading controller . 60
96 C.3 Change over from active to back-up track controller . 60
97 C.4 Failure of track control . 60
98 C.5 Failure of heading controller during track control . 60
99 Annex D (informative) Management of static and dynamic data . 61
100 D.1 General . 61

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101 D.2 Management of geographic (chart) data . 61
102 D.3 Management of ships data and reference parameters . 61
103 D.4 Management of track-related data (planning and control) . 61
104 D.5 Management of sensor data . 62
105 Annex E (informative) Limits . 63
106 Annex F (normative) Classification of alerts . 64
107 Annex G (normative) Scenario definitions and plots . 66
108 Annex H (informative) Sensor errors and noise models . 72
109 H.1 Simulation of position sensor errors . 72
110 H.2 Noise model for simulated position data . 72
111 H.3 Simulation of heading and speed information . 73
112 H.4 Simulation of sea state. 73
113 H.4.1 General . 73
114 H.4.2 Model description . 74
115 H.4.3 Model implementation . 75
116 Annex I (normative) Ship model specification . 78
117 I.1 General . 78
118 I.2 Overview – Background and requirements . 78
119 I.3 The model – Derivation . 78
120 I.3.1 General . 78
121 I.3.2 Thrust lever response model . 79
122 I.3.3 Rudder response model – Derivation . 80
123 I.3.4 Surge response model . 82
124 I.3.5 Sway response model . 83
125 I.3.6 Yaw response model . 84
126 I.3.7 Integration (deduced reckoning) . 86
127 I.4 Summary and block diagram . 88
128 I.4.1 Constant inputs . 88
129 I.4.2 Estimating parameters for a given vessel or class. 88
130 I.4.3 Run-time inputs . 89
131 I.4.4 Outputs. 90
132 I.4.5 Application of the model to system testing . 90
133 I.4.6 Testing system only, without rudder actuators . 92
134 I.4.7 Testing the whole system including actuation mechanism . 92
135 I.4.8 Model outputs: input to system under test . 93
136 I.5 Ship parameter sets . 93
137 I.6 Manoeuvring characteristics from turning circle manoeuvres (informative
138 example) . 94
139 Annex J (informative) Explanation of adaptation tests in 6.3.3 . 99
140 J.1 General . 99
141 J.2 Adaptation to speed change . 99
142 J.3 Adaptation to current changes along a leg . 100
143 J.4 Adaptation to current changes during turn . 100
144 J.5 Adaptation to sea state during turn . 101
145 J.6 Adaptation to sea state change on a leg . 101
146 Annex K (normative) IEC 61162 interfaces . 102
147 K.1 Required interfaces . 102
148 K.2 Use of ALR for BNWAS . 104
149 Bibliography . 105
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151 Figure 1 – EUT typical configurations. 28
152 Figure 2 – Functional model of track control as part of an integrated navigation system . 31
153 Figure 3 – Typical logical block diagram for the interaction with the ship motion
154 simulator. . 32
155 Figure 4 – High level block diagram . 33
156 Figure A.1 – Sequence of course change alerts (~A) . 56
157 Figure A.2 – Handling of the back-up navigator call . 57
158 Figure G.1 – Scenario 1 plot . 67
159 Figure G.2 – Scenario 2 plot . 68
160 Figure G.3 – Scenario 3 plot . 69
161 Figure G.4 – Scenario 4 plot . 71
162 Figure H.1 – Spectral distribution of modelled GPS errors . 73
163 Figure H.2 – Wave sequence – sea state 5 . 75
164 Figure H.3 – Wave spectrum – sea state 5 . 75
165 Figure H.4 – Supertanker – sea state 5 . 76
166 Figure H.5 – Container ship – sea state 5 . 76
167 Figure H.6 – Fast ferry – sea state 5 . 76
168 Figure H.7 – Container ship – sea state 2 . 77
169 Figure I.1 – High level model block diagram . 79
170 Figure I.2 – Model block diagram . 91
171 Figure I.3 – Application with simple follow-up . 92
172 Figure I.4 – Control system using actuator outputs and feedback . 92
173 Figure I.5 – System with actuator mechanism, bypassing the rudder response model . 93
174 Figure I.6 – System with actuator mechanism using a fast rudder response time in the
175 model . 93
176 Figure I.7 – Turning circle manoeuvre - Ferry . 96
177 Figure I.8 – Turning circle manoeuvre – Container ship . 97
178 Figure I.9 – Turning circle manoeuvre - Tanker . 98
179 Figure J.1 – Adaptation to speed change . 99
180 Figure J.2 – Adaptation to changes along a leg . 100
181 Figure J.3 – Adaptation to current changes during turn . 100
182 Figure J.4 – Adaptation to sea state during turn . 101
183 Figure J.5 – Adaptation to sea state change on a leg . 101
184 Figure K.1 – Track control system logical interfaces . 102
186 Table 1 – Simulator input rate . 33
187 Table 2 – Simulator output rate . 34
188 Table E.1 – Limits . 63
189 Table F.1 – Classification of alerts for track control systems . 64
190 Table G.1 – Scenario 1 . 66
191 Table G.2 – Scenario 2 . 67
192 Table G.3 – Scenario 3 . 68
193 Table G.4 – Scenario 4 . 70
194 Table H.1 – Heights and periods for half-waves . 74
195 Table I.1 – Relationship between thrust lever and rudder models . 81
196 Table I.2 – Constant parameters of the model . 88

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197 Table I.3 – Run-time inputs . 89
198 Table I.4 – Model outputs . 90
199 Table I.5 – Parameter sets for three ships . 94
200 Table I.6 – Results from turning circle manoeuvres . 95
201 Table K.1 – IEC 61162-1 sentences transmitted by the track control system . 102
202 Table K.2 – IEC 61162-1 sentences received by the track control system . 103
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206 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
207 ____________
209 MARITIME NAVIGATION AND
210 RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS –
211 TRACK CONTROL SYSTEMS –
213 Operational and performance requirements,
214 methods of testing and required test results
217 FOREWORD
218 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
219 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
220 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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226 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
227 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
228 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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240 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
241 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
242 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
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244 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
245 Publications.
246 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
247 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
248 9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
249 patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
250 respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
251 may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
252 the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
253 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
254 IEC 62065 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 80: Maritime navigation and
255 radiocommunication equipment and systems. It is an International Standard.
256 This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2014. This edition
257 constitutes a technical revision.
258 This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
259 edition:
260 – alert management has been brought in line with MSC.302(87), IEC 62923-1 and IEC 62923-
261 2, reducing the number of alerts for one situation and improving the information provided by
262 alerts. An overview is provided in Annex F;
263 – the previous Annex F has been removed as outdated and not instrumental in the standard;

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264 – the structure of Clause 6 has been updated.
265 The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
267 Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
268 the above table.
269 The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
270 This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
271 accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
272 at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
273 described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
274 The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
275 stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
276 specific document. At this date, the document will be
277 • reconfirmed,
278 • withdrawn, or
279 • revised.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
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285 MARITIME NAVIGATION AND
286 RADIOCOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS –
287 TRACK CONTROL SYSTEMS –
289 Operational and performance requirements,
290 methods of testing and required test results
294 1 Scope
295 This document specifies the minimum operational and performance requirements, methods of
296 testing and required test results conforming to performance standards adopted by the IMO in
297 resolution MSC.74(69) Annex 2 Recommendation on Performance Standards for Track Control
298 Systems. In addition, it takes into account IMO resolution A.694(17) to which IEC 60945 is
299 associated. It also takes into account IMO resolution MSC.302(87) on bridge alert management
300 (BAM), to which IEC 62923-1 and IEC 62923-2 are associated.
301 All text of this document that is identical to that in IMO resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2, is
302 printed in italics and the resolution (abbreviated to – A2) and paragraph numbers are indicated
303 in brackets i.e. (A2/3.3).
304 2 Normative references
305 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
306 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
307 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
308 amendments) applies.
309 IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – General
310 requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
311 IEC 61162-1, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Digital
312 interfaces – Part 1: Single talker and multiple listeners
313 IEC 61162-2, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Digital
314 interfaces – Part 2: Single talker and multiple listeners, high-speed transmission
315 IEC 61162-450, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — Digital
316 interfaces — Part 450: Multiple talkers and multiple listeners — Ethernet interconnection
317 IEC 62288, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems –
318 Presentation of navigation-related information on shipborne navigational displays – General
319 requirements, methods of testing and required test results
320 IEC 62616, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Bridge
321 navigational watch alarm system (BNWAS)
322 IEC 62923-1, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — Bridge
323 alert management — Part 1: Operational and performance requirements, methods of testing
324 and required test results
325 IEC 62923-2, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — Bridge
326 alert management — Part 2: Alert and cluster identifiers and other additional features
327 IMO Resolution MSC.74(69) Annex 2, Recommendation on Performance Standards for Track
328 Control Systems
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329 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
330 3.1 Terms and definitions
331 For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply.
332 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
333 addresses:
334 • IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
335 • ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
336 3.1.1
337 active track
338 track activated for track control
339 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
340 3.1.2
341 alarm
342 high-priority alert
343 condition requiring immediate attention and action by the bridge team, to maintain the safe
344 navigation and safe operation of the ship
345 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87)]
346 3.1.3
347 alert
348 announcement of abnormal situations and conditions requiring attention
349 Note 1 to entry: Alerts are divided in four priorities: emergency alarms, alarms, warnings and cautions. An alert
350 provides information about a defined state change in connection with information about how to announce this event
351 in a defined way to the system and the operator.
352 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.302(87)]
353 3.1.4
354 assisted turn
355 manoeuvre of a ship automatically controlled by a pre-set radius or rate of turn, but not based
356 on the ship's position, to perform an approximation of a curved track
357 3.1.5
358 back-up navigator
359 any individual, generally an officer, who has been designated by the ships master to be on call
360 if assistance is needed on the bridge
361 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
362 3.1.6
363 back-up navigator call
364 BNC
365 signal automatically sent to the BNWAS to call assistance to the bridge
366 3.1.7
367 consistent common reference system
368 CCRS
369 sub-system or function for acquisition, processing, storage, surveillance and distribution of data
370 and information providing identical and obligatory reference to sub-systems and subsequent
371 functions and to other connected equipment, if available

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372 3.1.8
373 CAM system
374 combined functionality of CAM and CAM-HMI
375 Note 1 to entry: CAM means the functionality for the management of the presentation of alerts on the CAM -HMI,
376 the communication of alert states between CAM-HMI and navigational systems and sensors
377 Note 2 to entry: CAM-HMI means the human machine interface for centralized presentation and handling of alerts
378 on the bridge
379 [SOURCE: IEC 62923-1]
380 3.1.9
381 course
382 horizontal direction in which a vessel is steered or intended to be steered, expressed as angular
383 distance from north, usually 000° at north, clockwise through 360°
384 Note 1 to entry: 360° is indicated as 000°.
385 3.1.10
386 course difference limit
387 maximum difference between track course and heading before a warning is activated
388 3.1.11
389 cross-track distance
390 XTD
391 perpendicular distance of the ship from the track
392 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
393 3.1.12
394 cross-track limit
395 maximum cross-track distance before an alarm is activated
396 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
397 3.1.13
398 curved track
399 non-straight track between two straight legs
400 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
401 3.1.14
402 FROM-waypoint
403 last passed waypoint
404 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
405 3.1.15
406 great circle
407 GC
408 intersection of a sphere on the earth and a plane through its centre
409 Note 1 to entry: Also called orthodrome.
410 [SOURCE: ISO 19018]
411 3.1.16
412 heading
413 HDG
414 direction in which the bow of a ship is pointing expressed as an angular displacement from
415 north
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416 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.191(79)]
417 3.1.17
418 heading control
419 control of the ship's heading
420 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
421 3.1.18
422 heading monitor function
423 monitoring of the actual heading sensor by an independent second source
424 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
425 3.1.19
426 leg
427 straight line between two waypoints and/or curved track(s)
428 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
429 3.1.20
430 main conning position
431 place on the bridge with a commanding view providing the necessary information and equipment
432 for the conning officer to carry out his functions
433 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
434 3.1.21
435 minimum manoeuvring speed for track control
436 lowest alongship speed through the water at which the track control system is capable of
437 maintaining its performance within the specified accuracy limits
438 Note 1 to entry: The value depends on the ship's design and loading and on the present environmental conditions.
439 3.1.22
440 NEXT-waypoint
441 waypoint following the TO-waypoint
442 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
443 3.1.23
444 override facility
445 control to perform the override function
446 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
447 3.1.24
448 override function
449 intentional fast change-over from automatic to temporary manual control
450 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
451 3.1.25
452 position monitor function
453 monitoring of the actual position sensor by an independent second source
454 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]

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455 3.1.26
456 primary position-fixing system
457 electronic position-fixing system (EPFS) used for track control
458 3.1.27
459 radius of turn
460 radius of a curved track
461 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
462 3.1.28
463 rate of turn
464 change of heading per time unit
465 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.74(69), Annex 2]
466 3.1.29
467 rhumb line
468 RL
469 line on the surface of the earth making the same angle with each meridian crossed
470 3.1.30
471 ship manoeuvring characteristics
472 range-of-manoeuvre possible for the ship
473 Note 1 to entry: Examples of the range-of-manoeuvres are: maximum rate of turn, minimum radius of turn, maximum
474 turn acceleration and deceleration.
475 3.1.31
476 single operator action
477 procedure achieved by no more than one hard-key or soft-key action, excluding any necessary
478 cursor movements, or voice actuation using programmed codes
479 [SOURCE: IMO Resolution MSC.252(83)]
480 3.1.32
481 speed
482 absolute value of velocity
483 Note 1 to entry: May either be the ship's speed through the water, or the speed made good over the ground.
484 3.1.33
485 surge
486 alongship component of ship motion
487 3.1.34
488 sway
489 athwartships component of ship motion
490 Note 1 to entry: Movement to
...