SIST EN ISO 20685-1:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 20685:2010
Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze antropometrijskih
podatkov - 1. del: Protokol ovrednotenja telesnih mer, povzetih iz skeniranih teles
(ISO 20685-1:2018)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases -
Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO
20685-1:2018)
3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 1:
Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte Körpermaße (ISO 20685-1:2018)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation
pour les dimensions corporelles extraites de balayages corporels en 3 D (ISO 20685-
1:2018)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20685-1:2018
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 20685-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 20685:2010
English Version
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases - Part 1: Evaluation protocol for
body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans (ISO
20685-1:2018)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour Ergonomie - 3D-Scanverfahren für international
les bases de données anthropométriques compatibles kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 1:
au plan international - Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation Prüfprotokoll für aus 3D-Scans extrahierte
des dimensions corporelles obtenues à l'aide de Körpermaße (ISO 20685-1:2018)
scanners 3D (ISO 20685-1:2018)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2018.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20685-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 20685-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 20685:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20685-1:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20685-1:2018 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20685-1
First edition
2018-10
3-D scanning methodologies
for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body
dimensions extracted from 3-D body
scans
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de
données anthropométriques compatibles au plan international —
Partie 1: Protocole d'évaluation des dimensions corporelles obtenues
à l'aide de scanners 3D
Reference number
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
©
ISO 2018
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements . 3
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements . 3
4.2 Standard values . 5
5 Research design for a validation study to establish accuracy of body dimensions
extracted from scanners . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Validation study procedures . 6
5.3 Sampling size and test subject selection . 6
5.4 Analytical procedures . 6
5.5 Validation study reporting . 7
6 Method for estimating the number of subjects needed . 8
Annex A (informative) Methods for reducing error in 3-D scanning . 9
Bibliography .19
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 20685:2010.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Introduction
Anthropometric measures are key to many International Standards. These measures can be gathered
using a variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a
three-dimensional (3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human
body that can be used for a number of purposes, such as clothing and automotive design, engineering
and medical applications. There are currently no standardized methods for using 3-D point clouds in the
design process. As a result, many users extract one-dimensional (1-D) data from 3-D point clouds. This
document concerns the application of 3-D scanners to the collection of one-dimensional anthropometric
data for use in design.
There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available
systems. These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and
infrared). Further, the software that is available to process data from the scan varies in its methods.
Additionally, software to extract dimensions similar to traditional dimensions varies markedly in
features and capabilities.
As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, extracted measurements
[1]
from several different systems can be markedly different for the same individual. Since 3-D scanning
can be used to gather measurements, such as lengths and circumferences, it was important to develop
an International Standard that allows users of such systems to judge whether the 3-D system is
adequate for these needs.
The intent of this document is to ensure comparability of body measurements as specified in ISO 7250-1
but measured with the aid of 3-D body scanners rather than with traditional anthropometric
instruments such as tape measures and callipers. It is further intended that conformance with this
document will make any data extracted from scans suitable for inclusion in international databases
[2]
such as those described in ISO 15535.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases —
Part 1:
Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from
3-D body scans
1 Scope
This document addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of
human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250-1 that can be extracted from 3-D scans.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners
(head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners).
It does not apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual landmarks.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthropometric databases and the
users of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers
and manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers can find it useful in meeting
the needs of clients who build and use 1-D anthropometric databases.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7250-1, Basic human body measurements for technological design — Part 1: Body measurement
definitions and landmarks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7250-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
NOTE In the case of definitions of terms for skeletal landmarks, when there is a separate term for the skin
overlying the landmark and another for the landmark itself, the skin landmark term is used. Where there is no
separate term, the skeletal term is used and assumed to refer to the skin overlying the landmark.
3.1
three-dimensional
3-D
pertaining to the use of three orthogonal scales on which the three coordinates, x, y and z, can be
measured to give the precise position of any relevant anatomical point in the considered space
Note 1 to entry: Many anthropometric distances can be calculated from the coordinates of anatomical landmarks
(3.6). Some additional points may be necessary to obtain circumferences.
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3.2
3-D body scanner
hardware and software system that creates digital data representing a human form, or parts thereof, in
three dimensions
3.3
3-D scanner software
operating system, user interface, programs, algorithms and instructions associated with a 3-D
scanning system
3.4
3-D scanner hardware
physical components of a 3-D scanner and any associated computer(s)
3.5
accuracy
extent to which the measured value approximates a true value
Note 1 to entry: Since it is difficult to trace the accuracy of complex hardware and software systems to recognized
ISO sources, for the purposes of this document true value is taken to mean the measured value obtained by an
anthropometrist with several years’ experience in the methods of ISO 7250-1, using traditional instruments such
as tape and calliper.
3.6
anatomical landmark
point clearly defined on the body that can be used for defining anthropometric measurements
3.7
anthropometric database
collection of individual body measurements (anthropometric data) and background information
(demographic data) recorded on a group of people (the sample)
[SOURCE: ISO 15535:2012, 3.8]
3.8
lateral malleolus
most lateral point of the right lateral malleolus (outside ankle bone)
3.9
point cloud
collection of 3-D points in space referenced by their coordinate values
Note 1 to entry: A point cloud constitutes the raw data from a 3-D scanner and needs to be translated to a human
axis system (3.13).
3.10
repeatability
extent to which the values of a variable measured twice on the same subject are the same
3.11
ulnar stylion
most distal point on the ulnar styloid, projected horizontally and posteriorly to the surface of the skin
when the arms are held down and the palms are facing the thighs
3.12
vertical plane
geometric plane tangent to a point on the body and orthogonal to the mid-sagittal plane
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
3.13
x, y, z coordinate system
axis system
system for measuring the body with respect to the standing or sitting human where X refers to the
fore-and-aft direction (the sagittal axis), Y refers to the side-to-side direction (the transverse axis) and
Z refers to the top-to-bottom direction (the longitudinal axis) (see Figure 1)
Note 1 to entry: Researchers establish their own origin for the axis system, convenient to their research, while
keeping the direction of the axes as indicated and reporting the origin in the data base and any publications.
Figure 1 — x, y, z coordinate system
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements
4.1 Selection of extracted measurements
In order to use data from 3-D body scanners in internationally compatible databases, dimensions should
be drawn from ISO 7250-1. However, not all of those measurements are well suited to extraction from
3-D scanned images. In particular, the resolution from whole-body scanners might not be sufficient to
allow accurate extraction of measurements from smaller body parts such as the hand. Tables 1 to 3 give
measurements according to the type of scanner most likely to produce the best results. The numbers
indicate the measurement number in ISO 7250-1.
Table 1 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by whole-body scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position (see A.2.4)
Stature (body height) 6.1.2 B
Eye height 6.1.3 B
Shoulder height 6.1.4 B
Elbow height 6.1.5 C
Iliac spine height, standing 6.1.6 B
Crotch height 6.1.7 B
Tibial height 6.1.8 B
NOTE  For whole-body scanners, depending on the type of scanning system used, the positions
according to A.2.4 can also be useful for extracting the indicated dimensions.
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017 Position (see A.2.4)
Chest depth, standing 6.1.9 A, B
Body depth, standing 6.1.10 A, B
Chest breadth, standing 6.1.11 A
Hip breadth, standing 6.1.12 A
Sitting height (erect) 6.2.1 D
Eye height, sitting 6.2.2 D
Cervicale height, sitting 6.2.3 D
Shoulder height, sitting 6.2.4 D
Elbow height, sitting 6.2.5 D
Shoulder–elbow length 6.2.6 C
Shoulder (biacromial) breadth 6.2.7 A, B
Shoulder (bideltoid) breadth 6.2.8 A, B
Elbow-to-elbow breadth 6.2.9 D
Hip breadth, sitting 6.2.10 D
Popliteal height, sitting 6.2.11 D
Thigh clearance 6.2.12 D
Knee height, sitting 6.2.13 D
Abdominal depth, sitting 6.2.14 D
Thorax depth at the nipple 6.2.15 B
Buttock–abdomen depth, sitting 6.2.16 D
Elbow-wrist length 6.4.3 C
Forearm–fingertip length 6.4.6 C
Buttock–popliteal length 6.4.7 D
Buttock–knee length 6.4.8 D
Neck circumference 6.4.9 A, B
Chest circumference 6.4.10 A
Waist circumference 6.4.11 A
Wrist circumference 6.4.12 A
Thigh circumference 6.4.13 A
Calf circumference 6.4.14 A
NOTE  For whole-body scanners, depending on the type of scanning system used, the positions
according to A.2.4 can also be useful for extracting the indicated dimensions.
Table 2 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by head scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Head length 6.3.9
Head breadth 6.3.10
Face length (menton-sellion) 6.3.11
Head circumference 6.3.12
Sagittal arc 6.3.13
Bitragion arc 6.3.14
4 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
Table 3 — ISO 7250-1 measurements by hand or foot scanner
Dimension ISO 7250-1:2017
Hand length (stylion) 6.3.1
Palm length 6.3.2
Hand breadth at metacarpals 6.3.3
Index finger length 6.3.4
Index finger breadth, proximal 6.3.5
Index finger breadth, distal 6.3.6
Foot length 6.3.7
Foot breadth 6.3.8
4.2 Standard values
The human body is difficult to measure and does not lend itself to standards of accuracy that can be
applied to machine tooling, for example. For the purposes of this document, the standard for accuracy
of a measurement extracted from a 3-D image is the corresponding traditional measurement, when
[4] [5] [6]
measured by an anthropometrist with several years’ experience in the methods of ISO 7250-1.
The difference between an extracted measurement and the corresponding traditional measurement on
actual subjects should be derived using the test methods given in Clause 5. If the values are lower than
those specified in Table 4, then the measurement may be included in ISO 15535 databases.
As any good scientific report documents the observer and measurer error, the accuracy of extracted
measurements should be reported in any documentation that results from the use of these systems.
Table 4 — Maximum allowable error between extracted value and traditionally measured value
Maximum mean difference
(see 5.4)
Measurement type
mm
Segment lengths (e.g. buttock-popliteal length) 5
Body heights (e.g. shoulder height) 4
Large circumferences (e.g. chest circumference) 9
Small circumferences (e.g. neck circumference) 4
Body breadths (e.g. biacromial breadth) 4
Body depths (e.g. chest depth) 5
Head dimensions without hair 1
Head dimensions with hair 2
Hand dimensions 1
Foot dimensions 2
5 Research design for a validation study to establish accuracy of body
dimensions extracted from scanners
5.1 General
The purpose of this document is to ensure that body measurements obtained from 3-D systems are
sufficiently close to those produced by ISO 7250-1 traditional methods that they can be substituted
for one another without compromising the validity of standards relying on the data. Annex A contains
information that is helpful in meeting this goal. In order to demonstrate that a 3-D system is in
conformance with this document, a validation study shall be conducted.
ISO 20685-1:2018(E)
5.2 Validation study procedures
All ISO 7250-1 variables that are to be measured by 3-D methods shall be included in the validation study.
The 3-D scanning and data extraction system used for the validation shall be exactly the same hardware
and software configuration that is used in collecting the ISO 7250-1 data for inclusion in an ISO 15535
database.
The traditional measurer shall be an expert, trained and experienced in ISO 7250-1 techniques. He or
she shall have recently practiced the ISO 7250-1 protocols for the body measurements in the study.
It is preferable that the same expert measure all test subjects. If landmarks are to be marked prior
to scanning, the positioning of landmarks should be done by an expert trained and ex
...