SIST EN 16984:2017
(Main)Disc springs - Calculation
Disc springs - Calculation
This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.
Tellerfedern - Berechnung
Die vorliegende Norm legt die Auslegungskriterien und Eigenschaften von Tellerfedern sowohl für Einzeltellerfedern als auch Tellerfedersäulen fest. Sie beinhaltet die Definition relevanter Begriffe sowie Gleichungen zur Berechnung und Angaben zur Lebensdauer dieser Federn.
Rondelles ressorts - Calculs
La présente norme spécifie les critères de conception et les propriétés des rondelles ressorts, que celles-ci se présentent sous la forme de rondelles ressorts simples ou assemblées. La présente norme comprend la définition des concepts applicables ainsi que des formules de conception, et traite de la résistance à la fatigue de tels ressorts.
Krožnikaste vzmeti - Izračun
Ta standard določa merila projektiranja in lastnosti posameznih krožnikastih vzmeti ter paketov krožnikastih vzmeti. Vključuje opredelitev ustreznih konceptov in formule projektiranja ter zajema čas obrabe teh vzmeti.
General Information
Overview
EN 16984:2016 - Disc springs - Calculation (CEN) is a European standard that specifies design criteria, calculation methods and fatigue considerations for disc springs, either as single discs or as stacks. The standard defines relevant terms and symbols, provides detailed design formulae (load/deflection, design stresses, spring rate, energy capacity), and addresses stacking, friction effects and fatigue life. It is intended to be used together with dimensional and material specifications (see Related Standards).
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and definitions
- Covers single disc springs and stacks in parallel and series.
- Uses terminology from EN ISO 26909 (springs vocabulary).
- Geometry and applicability
- Formulae apply typically where 16 < D/t < 40 or 1.8 < D_outer/D_inner < 2.5; consult manufacturer for other designs.
- Design formulae
- Load/deflection relationships and test load definitions (test deflection s = 0.75·h).
- Design stresses at specified points on the disc (OM, I, II, III, IV) with sign convention for tensile/compressive stresses.
- Spring rate (stiffness) and energy capacity expressions.
- Flat bearings and reduced thickness
- Separate calculation adjustments (use t′ and h′) and factor K for springs with flat bearings.
- Stacking
- Rules for combining springs in parallel (load adds) and series (deflection adds), including packets of springs and progressive characteristics.
- Friction and real behaviour
- Effects of friction on load/deflection curves and guidance for allowance in design.
- Fatigue life
- Guidance and formulae for assessing fatigue stresses, maximum/minimum fatigue stresses and permanent stress range in cyclic loading.
Applications and who uses it
EN 16984 is practical for professionals who design, manufacture, select or maintain mechanical spring elements where disc springs are used, including:
- Spring manufacturers - for calculating geometry, load ratings and fatigue life.
- Mechanical design engineers - for specifying spring stacks, preload systems, clutches, dampers, valve springs, and compact high-force assemblies.
- Maintenance & reliability engineers - for fatigue assessment and lifecycle planning.
- Procurement & quality teams - to verify conformity with European calculation practices (used alongside EN 16983 for dimensions and materials).
Related standards
- EN 16983:2016 - Disc springs - Quality specifications - Dimensions (normative reference)
- EN ISO 26909 - Springs - Vocabulary (normative reference)
- DIN 2092 (historical basis) - referenced in the foreword as the German basis for this EN.
EN 16984:2016 is a technical calculation standard focusing on reliable engineering use of disc springs and stacks, enabling consistent design, fatigue assessment and safe application in industry.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2017
.URåQLNDVWHY]PHWL,]UDþXQ
Disc springs - Calculation
Tellerfedern - Berechnung
Rondelles ressorts - Calculs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16984:2016
ICS:
21.160 Vzmeti Springs
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16984
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 21.160
English Version
Disc springs - Calculation
Rondelles ressorts - Calculs Tellerfedern - Berechnung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 August 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16984:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 4
3.1 Terms and definitions . 4
3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms . 4
4 Representation. 6
4.1 Single disc spring . 6
4.2 Disc springs stacked in parallel . 6
4.3 Disc springs stacked in series . 6
4.4 Disc spring diagram . 7
5 Design formulae for single disc springs . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Test load . 7
5.3 Deflection factors . 8
5.4 Spring load . 8
5.5 Design stresses . 9
5.6 Spring rate . 10
5.7 Energy capacity of springs . 10
6 Load/deflection curve for a single disc spring . 10
7 Stacking of disc springs . 11
8 Effect of friction in load/deflection characteristic . 13
9 Design stresses . 14
10 Types of loading . 15
10.1 Static loading and moderate fatigue conditions . 15
10.2 Dynamic loading . 15
Bibliography . 16
European foreword
This document (EN 16984:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 407 “Cylindrical
helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design”, the secretariat of which is held
by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2017.
This European Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring
Federation ESF and is based on the German Standard DIN 2092 “Disc springs — Calculation”, which is
known and used in many European countries.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as
stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and
covers the fatigue life of such springs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16983:2016, Disc springs - Quality specifications - Dimensions
EN ISO 26909, Springs - Vocabulary (ISO 26909)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 26909 apply.
NOTE Disc springs are annular coned elements that offer resistance to a compressive load applied axially.
They may be designed as single disc springs or as disc springs stacked in parallel or in series, either singly or in
multiples. They may be subjected to both static and fatigue loading, and may have flat bearings.
3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols, units and abbreviated terms apply
Table 1 — Symbols, units and abbreviated terms
Symbol Unit Description
D mm Outer diameter of spring
e
D mm Inner diameter of spring
i
D mm Diameter of centre of rotation
E MPa Modulus of elasticity (see EN 16983:2016)
F N Spring load
F , F , F . N Spring loads related to spring deflections s , s , s …
1 2 3 1 2 3
F N Design spring load when spring is in the flattened position
c
F N Spring load of springs stacked in parallel, related
ges
to spring deflection s
ges
F N Spring load of springs stacked in parallel, allowance being
ges R
made for friction
F N Test load for length L or l
t t t
K , K , K , K Constants (see 5.3)
1 2 3 4
L mm Length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in
Symbol Unit Description
the initial position
L , L , L . mm Lengths of loaded springs stacked in series or in parallel,
1 2 3
related to spring loads F , F , F …
1 2 3
L mm Test length of springs stacked in series or in parallel
t
L mm Design length of springs stacked in series or in
c
parallel, in the flattened position
N Number of cycles to failure
R N/mm Spring rate
W N mm Energy capacity of spring
h mm Initial cone height of springs without flat bearings, h = l
0 0 0
− t
h' mm Initial cone height of springs with flat bearings, h′ = l − t′
0 0 0
i Number of disc springs or packets stacked in series
l mm Free overall height of spring in its initial position
l , l , l . mm Length of loaded spring related to spring loads F , F , F …
1 2 3 1 2 3
L mm Test length of spring
t
n Number of single disc springs stacked in parallel
P Theoretical centre of rotation of disc cross section (see
Figure 1)
s mm Deflection of single disc spring
s , s , s . mm Spring deflections related to spring loads F , F , F …
1 2 3 1 2 3
s mm Deflection of springs stacked in series or in parallel, no
ges
allowance being made for friction. Recommended
maximum value: s = 0,75 (L − L )
ges 0 c
t mm Thickness of single disc spring
′ mm Reduced thickness of single disc spring with flat bearings
t
(group 3)
w , w Coefficients of friction (see Table 3)
M R
D
Ratio of outer to inner diameter
e
δ=
D
i
µ Poisson’s ratio
σ MPa Design stress
σ , σ , σ , σ , σ MPa Design stresses at the points designated OM, I, II, III, IV
OM I II III
(see
IV
Figure 1)
σ MPa Maximum design stress in springs subject to fatigue
o
Symbol Unit Description
loading
σ MPa Minimum design stress in springs subject to fatigue
...
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 16984:2017 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Disc springs - Calculation". This standard covers: This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.
This standard specifies design criteria and features of disc springs, whether as single disc springs or as stacks of disc springs. It includes the definition of relevant concepts as well as design formulae, and covers the fatigue life of such springs.
SIST EN 16984:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 21.160 - Springs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
You can purchase SIST EN 16984:2017 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
The SIST EN 16984:2017 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the calculation and design of disc springs, effectively addressing both individual and stacked configurations. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its thorough delineation of design criteria that ensure structural integrity and performance, which is critical for engineers and manufacturers in the field. The scope of this standard extends to the definition of essential concepts related to disc springs, offering clarity that is beneficial for practitioners. Additionally, the inclusion of design formulae allows for precise calculations, enhancing the reliability of the springs in application. This standardized approach to disc springs not only boosts consistency in design processes but also fosters improved communication among professionals in the mechanical engineering sector. Moreover, the standard's emphasis on the fatigue life of disc springs serves as a pivotal aspect, as it provides insights into the performance and longevity of these components under various loading conditions. By incorporating guidelines that address fatigue, the SIST EN 16984:2017 ensures that users can design springs that not only meet immediate performance requirements but also maintain functionality over time. Overall, the SIST EN 16984:2017 standard stands out as a crucial resource for those involved in the design and application of disc springs, underpinning the importance of standardization in achieving optimum performance and reliability in mechanical systems. Its relevance continues to grow as industries increasingly rely on precise engineering solutions that adhere to recognized standards.
Die Norm SIST EN 16984:2017 bietet eine umfassende Grundlage für die Berechnung von Scheibendämpfern. Ihr Anwendungsbereich umfasst sowohl Einzelscheibendämpfer als auch mehrere in Stapeln angeordnete Scheibendämpfer, was ihre Flexibilität und Vielseitigkeit in verschiedenen Anwendungen unterstreicht. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die detaillierte Definition relevanter Konzepte, die es Ingenieuren und Designern ermöglichen, ein tiefes Verständnis für die Funktionsweise und die Anforderungen von Scheibendämpfern zu entwickeln. Die Berechnungsformeln, die in diesem Dokument bereitgestellt werden, sind entscheidend für die präzise Auslegung und optimale Nutzung dieser Federtypen. Durch die Festlegung von Designkriterien stellt die Norm sicher, dass Scheibendämpfer sicher und effizient in ihrer jeweiligen Umgebung eingesetzt werden können. Ein weiterer Stärke der SIST EN 16984:2017 ist die Berücksichtigung der Ermüdungslebensdauer von Scheibendämpfern. Dies ist besonders relevant für Anwendungen, in denen diese Federn wiederholt mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Durch die Integration von Ermüdungsanalysen in die Berechnungsmethoden können Ingenieure die Langlebigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Konstruktionen besser garantieren. Insgesamt zeigt die SIST EN 16984:2017, wie wichtig eine standardisierte Herangehensweise im Design und bei der Berechnung von Scheibendämpfern ist. Ihre Relevanz erstreckt sich über zahlreiche Industrien, in denen diese Federn eine Schlüsselrolle spielen. Die Norm trägt dazu bei, die Produktqualität zu sichern und Ausfälle aufgrund unzureichender Designüberlegungen zu minimieren.
Le document SIST EN 16984:2017 est une norme essentielle pour le domaine des ressorts en disque, offrant des critères de conception et des caractéristiques tant pour les ressorts en disque simples que pour les empilements de ressorts. Sa portée est clairement définie, englobant les concepts pertinents et les formules de conception nécessaires pour une application efficace des ressorts en disque. Les forces de cette norme résident dans sa capacité à normer les méthodes de calcul pour les ressorts en disque, ce qui permet aux ingénieurs et aux designers de concevoir des solutions fiables et performantes. En abordant également la durée de vie en fatigue de ces ressorts, le SIST EN 16984:2017 garantit que les utilisateurs peuvent anticiper et évaluer la durabilité des applications dans lesquelles ces ressorts sont intégrés. La pertinence de cette norme est majorée par sa conformité aux attentes de l'industrie, contribuant ainsi à l'amélioration de la sécurité et de la performance des produits finaux. En fournissant un cadre de référence rigoureux, le SIST EN 16984:2017 s'impose comme un outil incontournable pour quiconque travaille avec des ressorts en disque, renforçant la confiance dans les processus de conception et de fabrication.
SIST EN 16984:2017 표준은 디스크 스프링의 설계 기준과 특징을 명확히 규정하고 있으며, 단일 디스크 스프링 또는 스택 형태의 디스크 스프링 모두에 적용됩니다. 이 표준에서는 관련 개념의 정의와 설계 공식이 포함되어 있어 사용자가 디스크 스프링의 구조적 특성을 이해하고 설계할 수 있도록 지원합니다. 특히, SIST EN 16984:2017 표준의 강점은 디스크 스프링의 피로 수명에 대한 명확한 지침을 제공한다는 점입니다. 피로 수명은 스프링의 실용성과 신뢰성을 결정짓는 중요한 요소로, 이 표준을 통해 디스크 스프링의 장기 사용 시 예상되는 성능을 극대화할 수 있습니다. 이 표준의 적용범위는 기계 및 구조물 설계에 있어 디스크 스프링을 사용하는 여러 산업 분야에 걸쳐 있습니다. 또한, SIST EN 16984:2017은 설계자가 스프링의 변형 및 하중 조건을 효과적으로 계산할 수 있도록 도와줍니다. 이러한 내용은 모든 엔지니어와 디자이너에게 유익한 참고 자료가 되며, 질 높은 제품 개발에 기여할 수 있습니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN 16984:2017 표준은 디스크 스프링의 설계 및 응용에 있어 필수적인 지침을 제공하며, 해당 기준을 따르는 것이 제품의 안전성과 효율성을 높이는 데 크게 기여할 것입니다.
SIST EN 16984:2017は、ディスクスプリングの設計基準を定めており、個別のディスクスプリングの設計や、ディスクスプリングのスタックに関する要件が明確に示されています。この標準は、ディスクスプリングの設計に関する重要な概念の定義を含むだけでなく、具体的な設計公式も提供しており、実用的な指導を与えています。 この標準の強みは、その包括的なアプローチにあります。設計時に考慮すべきファティーグライフに関する情報も盛り込まれており、エンジニアやデザイナーが耐久性を考慮したインフラを設計するのに役立ちます。また、設計基準が明確に示されているため、多様なアプリケーションに対応可能な柔軟性を提供します。 さらに、SIST EN 16984:2017は、ディスクスプリングの専門家だけでなく、関連する他の分野の技術者にも利用できるように配慮されています。これにより、ディスクスプリングを使用する様々な産業において、一貫した設計品質と可搬性が確保される点で大変重要です。この標準は、ディスクスプリングの設計を遂行する上での信頼性の高い基盤を提供しており、その関連性は今後ますます重要になるでしょう。
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