SIST EN 1501-3:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1501-3:2008
Vozila za zbiranje odpadlov - Splošne in varnostne zahteve - 3. del: Vozila za
zbiranje odpadkov z nakladanjem spredaj
Refuse collection vehicles - General requirements and safety requirements - Part 3:
Front loaded refuse collection vehicles
Abfallsammelfahrzeuge - Allgemeine Anforderungen und Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil
3: Frontlader
Véhicules de collecte de déchets - Exigences générales et exigences de sécurité - Partie
3 : Véhicules de collecte des déchets à chargement frontal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1501-3:2021
ICS:
13.030.40 Naprave in oprema za Installations and equipment
odstranjevanje in obdelavo for waste disposal and
odpadkov treatment
43.160 Vozila za posebne namene Special purpose vehicles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 1501-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 43.160 Supersedes EN 1501-3:2008
English Version
Refuse collection vehicles - General requirements and
safety requirements - Part 3: Front loaded refuse
collection vehicles
Véhicules de collecte de déchets - Exigences générales Abfallsammelfahrzeuge - Allgemeine Anforderungen
et exigences de sécurité - Partie 3 : Véhicules de und Sicherheitsanforderungen - Teil 3: Frontlader
collecte des déchets à chargement frontal
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 February 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1501-3:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 List of significant hazards . 15
5 Safety requirements and protective measures . 18
5.1 General . 18
5.2 Danger zones . 18
5.3 Compaction mechanism . 20
5.4 Discharge system . 22
5.5 Requirements for refuse container lifting device(s) and interfaces . 24
5.6 Top door(s) (if present) . 24
5.7 Hydraulic, pneumatic and electric powered systems . 24
5.8 Operating symbols . 24
5.9 Riding on front loaded RCV by operator(s) . 26
5.10 Control systems . 27
5.11 Monitoring and warning . 29
5.12 Electrical components . 31
5.13 Requirements for maintenance . 32
5.14 Stability and driving security. 33
5.15 Exhaust pipe . 34
5.16 Ventilation of the body . 34
5.17 Vibration . 34
5.18 Noise control . 35
6 Verification . 36
7 Information for use . 36
7.1 Instruction handbook . 36
7.2 Maintenance . 38
7.3 Spare parts list . 38
7.4 Data sheet . 38
7.5 Marking . 39
Annex A (informative) Components of the vehicle . 40
Annex B (informative) Volumes . 41
Annex C (normative) Basic scenarios of different danger zones . 42
Annex D (informative) Illuminated areas . 48
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 49
Bibliography . 54

European foreword
This document (EN 1501-3:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 183 “Waste
management”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021 and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1501-3:2008.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are listed below:
— document has been completely revised and restructured;
— European foreword and Introduction have been updated;
— Clause 1, Scope, has been slightly revised and clarified;
— Clause 2, Normative references, have been updated;
— in Clause 3, new terms and definitions have been added and others revised;
— Table 1 has been updated;
— Table 2 “Basic scenarios and applicable danger zones” and a completely new Annex C with multiple
figures of danger zones has been added;
— previous Table 3 “Verification” has been deleted and information integrated in Table 1;
— requirements on compaction mechanism (5.3), discharge system (5.4), lifting devices (5.5), remote
controls (5.10.3.4), monitoring and warning (5.11), maintenance (5.13), stability (5.14), noise
control (5.18) and many more have been revised;
— Annex A and B have been revised;
— Annex D “Illuminated areas” has been added;
— Annex ZA has been updated.
EN 1501 consists of the following parts under the general title Refuse collection vehicles — General
requirements and safety requirements:
— Part 1: Rear loaded refuse collection vehicles;
— Part 2: Side loaded refuse collection vehicles;
— Part 3: Front loaded refuse collection vehicles (this part);
— Part 4: Noise test code for refuse collection vehicles;
— Part 5: Lifting devices for refuse collection vehicles.
This document will be enforced at the same time as EN 1501-5:2021 and applied whenever the front
loaded RCV is fitted with a lifting device.
For combinations of a front loaded refuse collection vehicle with rear and/or side loading capability the
corresponding clauses of standards EN 1501-1:2021, EN 1501-2:2021 and EN 1501-5:2021 apply.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-
B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the
other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this
type-C standard.
This standard is designed for careful consideration by designers, manufacturers, suppliers and users of
front loaded RCVs.
This document should be read in conjunction with EN 1501-5:2021 developed for lifting devices which
are compatible with the refuse collection vehicle specified in this document.
While producing this document it was assumed that:
— for RCV the requirements of road traffic regulations apply. Where road traffic regulations are in
conflict with the provisions of this standard, the road regulations have priority;
— due to the European regulations on the approval of vehicles for use on public roads, the
requirements of UN/ECE R10:2019 for an RCV with regard to EMC applies. Therefore, EMC is not
further considered in this standard;
— the guidelines issued by the chassis-cab manufacturer have been taken into account;
— chassis related safety items are handled by the chassis manufacturer according to their state of the
art and in compliance with the public road regulations;
— that based on measurements on different types of RCVs hand-arm vibrations are in general lower
than 2,5 m/s ;
— that based on measurements on different types of RCVs whole-body vibrations are lower than
0,5 m/s ;
— components without specific requirements are designed in accordance with the usual engineering
practice and calculation codes, including all failure modes, of sound mechanical and electrical
construction and made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
— components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required characteristics remain
despite wear and tear;
— harmful materials, such asbestos, are not used as part of the front loaded RCV;
— only persons who have been appropriately trained will operate the front loaded RCV.
1 Scope
This document applies to a front loaded refuse collection vehicle (RCV), as defined in 3.2.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the front
loaded RCV, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer, throughout its foreseeable lifetime, as defined in Clause 4.
This document is applicable to the design and construction of the front loaded RCV so as to ensure that
it is fitted for its intended function and can be operated, cleaned (including unblocking), adjusted and
maintained during its entire lifetime. It is not applicable to the end of life of the front loaded RCV.
This document describes and defines the safety requirements of the front loaded RCV excluding the
interface with the lifting device(s) and excluding the lifting device itself and excluding loader cranes,
which could be mounted on the RCV.
Safety requirements for the lifting device(s), loader cranes and their interface to the RCV are defined in
EN 1501-5:2021.
Safety requirements for loader cranes are defined in EN 12999:2020. Additional specific requirements
to loader cranes installed on RCVs are defined in EN 1501-5:2021.
This document also applies to compactors, operated on a truck for collecting purposes.
This document is not applicable to:
— operation in severe conditions, e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as:
— below −20 °C and above +40 °C temperatures;
— tropical environment;
— wind velocity in excess of 75 km/h;
— contaminating environment;
— corrosive environment;
— operation in potentially explosive atmospheres;
— handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. hot refuses, acids and
bases, radioactive materials, contaminated refuse, especially fragile loads, explosives);
— operation on ships.
This document is not applicable to machinery which is manufactured before the date of publication of
this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 1: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery
EN 547-2:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Human body measurements - Part 2: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for access openings
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators - Part 3: Control actuators
EN 894-4:2010, Safety of machinery - Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators - Part 4: Location and arrangement of displays and control actuators
EN 1501-1:2021, Refuse collection vehicles - General requirements and safety requirements - Part 1: Rear
loaded refuse collection vehicles
EN 1501-4:2007, Refuse collection vehicles and their associated lifting devices - General requirements and
safety requirements - Part 4: Noise test code for refuse collection vehicles
EN 1501-5:2021, Refuse collection vehicles - General requirements and safety requirements - Part 5:
Lifting devices for refuse collection vehicles
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2016, modified)
1)
EN 60529:1991, , Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery - Indication, marking and actuation - Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
2)
EN ISO 374-1:2016 , Protective gloves against dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms - Part 1:
Terminology and performance requirements for chemical risks (ISO 374-1:2016)
EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery - Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 7731:2008, Ergonomics - Danger signals for public and work areas - Auditory danger signals (ISO
7731:2003)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces - Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)

1) As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013.
2) As impacted by EN ISO 374-1:2016/A1:2018.
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO
13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery - Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery - Guards - General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
refuse collection vehicle
RCV
vehicle used for the collection and transportation of refuse (e.g. household refuse, bulky refuse,
recyclable materials) based on loading via refuse containers or by hand
Note 1 to entry: Most of the time it consists of a chassis or rigid chassis onto which a bodywork is mounted.
Sometimes it can also be a truck and trailer combination.
Note 2 to entry: A RCV is a special purpose vehicle described in 2007/46/EC Annex II, Part A, 5.8.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.1]
3.2
front loaded RCV
RCV into which the refuse or recyclable materials are loaded from the front
Note 1 to entry: In front loaded RCV's refuse is transferred manually or mechanically from the front over the
rave rail into a hopper. A compaction mechanism, if fitted, then transfers and compacts the refuse from the hopper
into a fixed or interchangeable body of the front loaded RCV. To discharge, either the body is tilted, rotated or an
ejection device is used. The trajectory of the refuse container is over the top of the cab or the front axle, regardless
where the refuse container is picked up.
3.3
cab
enclosure mounted on the chassis in front of the bodywork where the operator drives and control the
RCV and where other potential operator(s) can sit
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.3]
3.4
bodywork
assembly of all components fitted on the chassis-cab of the RCV including the body itself
Note 1 to entry: The bodywork can be fixed or interchangeable. The bodywork also includes either a
compaction mechanism, a lifting device or (a) footboard(s) or any combination of the three.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.4]
3.5
body
part of the bodywork in which the collected refuse is transported
Note 1 to entry: It may be fixed or interchangeable or rotate as part of the compaction mechanism.
Note 2 to entry: To discharge the collected refuse, the body is either tilted or rotated or an ejection system is
used.
Note 3 to entry: See 2 in Figure A.1.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.5 — modified, Note 3 to entry added]
3.6
discharge door
part of the bodywork, connected to the body without compaction mechanism
Note 1 to entry: It is designed to be opened to discharge the collected refuse or recyclable materials.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.8]
3.7
hopper
part of the bodywork into which the refuse is loaded either manually or mechanically
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.9]
3.8
capacity of the hopper
volume of non-compacted refuse the hopper contains up, measured in cubic metres rounded off to one
decimal place, when the compaction mechanism is in its fully retracted position
Note 1 to entry: See V1 in Figure B.1.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.10 — modified, Note 1 to entry added]
3.9
manual mode
mechanism achieving either each movement or each sequence of movements by a hold-to-run
command
Note 1 to entry: Each sequence of movements means two or more movements in one sequence.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.14]
3.10
semi-automatic mode
mechanism achieving either each movement or each sequence of movements by a manual pulse start
command
Note 1 to entry: A sequence of movements means two or more movements in one sequence.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.15]
3.11
automatic mode
mechanism achieving a sequence of movements by a pulse start command
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.16]
3.12
open and closed systems
distinct configurations of the compaction mechanism in relation to its accessibility for the operator
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.18]
3.12.1
open system
configuration where the operator can reach the hazardous area of the compaction mechanism from the
level on which the operator is standing
3.12.2
closed system
configuration where the operator cannot reach the hazardous area of the compaction mechanism from
the level on which the operator is standing
3.13
cab shield
plate fitted to the front of the hopper for protection of the cab and the space between the cab and the
bodywork from falling objects
3.14
compaction mechanism
mechanism used to compact and/or transfer refuse and recyclable materials from the hopper into the
body
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.17]
3.15
discharge system
mechanism and movement for emptying the body
EXAMPLE: Ejection plate, rotating drum, tipping, walking floor.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.19]
3.15.1
ejection plate
means of emptying the body by moving the ejection plate to the rear after opening the tailgate or the
discharge door if needed
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.19.1]
3.15.2
rotating drum
means of emptying of the body by rotation of the drum after opening the tailgate or the discharge door
if needed
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.19.2]
3.15.3
tipping
means of emptying of the body by tilting the body after opening the tailgate or the discharge door if
needed
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.19.3]
3.16
designated refuse container
refuse container compatible with the lifting device
[SOURCE: EN 1501-5:2021, 3.15]
3.17
lifting device
mechanism fitted onto the RCV for loading refuse into its body
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.21]
3.18
danger zone
any zone within and/or around machinery in which a person may be exposed to a potential risk to his
health or safety
Note 1 to entry: See Annex C.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.24]
3.19
interlocking guard
guard associated with an interlocking device so that, together with the control system of the machine,
the following functions are performed:
— the hazardous machine functions “covered” by the guard cannot operate until the guard is closed;
— if the guard is opened while hazardous machine functions are operating, a stop command is given,
and
— when the guard is closed, the hazardous machine functions “covered” by the guard can operate (the
closure of the guards does not by itself start the hazardous machine functions)
Note 1 to entry: EN ISO 14119:2013 gives detailed provisions.
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.27.4]
3.20
operator
person trained to operate the RCV
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.25]
3.21
working station
location where the RCV is operated during normal use
Note 1 to entry: Inspection, cleaning and maintenance are excluded.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-5:2021, 3.25]
3.22
travel movement
unrestricted motorized movement of the RCV
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.28]
3.23
access door
door in the bodywork for maintenance purpose
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.35]
3.24
hopper lid
powered flap for loading refuse and covering the hopper
3.25
transport position
designated position of the equipment during travel movement and all elements of the vehicle are in a
position as defined by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.31]
3.26
hold-to-run control device
control device which initiates and maintains machine functions only as long as the manual control
(actuator) is actuated
[SOURCE: EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.3]
3.27
interface
connections between two parts and/or systems of the RCV
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.23]
3.28
interface with the lifting device(s)
provisions for power supply, controls and mechanical devices to ensure safe connections between the
bodywork and its lifting device(s)
[SOURCE EN 1501-1:2021, 3.23.1]
3.29
operation position
designated position of body, discharge door, hopper and other equipment as defined by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: Other Equipment means lifting devices including clamps, arms or footboards.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-1:2021, 3.32]
3.30
refuse container lifting device
mechanism fitted onto a RCV for emptying designated refuse containers
Note 1 to entry: Refuse container lifting devices other than specified in EN 12999:2020.
[SOURCE: EN 1501-5:2021, 3.2.1]
3.31
locking system
mechanism which locks the pick-up system of the designated refuse container to the refuse container
lifting device for emptying purpose
[SOURCE: EN 1501-5:2021, 3.7]
3.32
masking
limitation of detectability of the test object by a physical obstacle
3.33
loader crane
power driven crane, designed for being attached to a chassis, comprising a column, which slews about a
base, and a boom system which is attached on to the top of the column, designed to be fitted on a
commercial vehicle (including trailer) with a significant residual load carrying capability, and being
designed for loading and unloading the vehicle as well as for other duties as specified by the
manufacturer in the operator's manual
[SOURCE: EN 12999:2020, 3.1.1— lexically modified]
3.34
loading zone
area where a container, bag or other refuse is loaded
3.35
general safe stop
GSS
safety related stop function to stop hazardous movements of the controlled machines in order to reach
an off-state
Note 1 to entry: A GSS is not an emergency stop.
[SOURCE: EN 62745:2017, 4.7.3.3]
3.36
emergency stop
EMS
safety related stop function to stop hazardous movements of the controlled machines in order to reach
an off-state which is available at any time
Note 1 to entry: The emergency stop is defined in EN ISO 13850:2015.
[SOURCE: EN 62745:2017, 4.7.3.4.]
3.37
chassis-ready signal
signal given by the chassis allowing the body to start operation
3.38
footboard
platform situated at the RCV on which the operator(s) can stand for riding
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, risk areas and hazardous situations and events as far as
they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment performed according to
EN ISO 12100:2010 as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or
reduce the risk.
The verification methods to be used to demonstrate conformity include:
— V visual inspection verifies the required features of the components;
— T test/check verifies that the features provided perform their function in such a way that the
3)
requirements is met;
— M measurement verifies that requirements are met to the specified limits;
— D drawings and/or calculations verify that the design characteristics of the components provided
meet the requirements. Documents and instructions are available.

3) Some tests may be replaced by calculations using simulation technology.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
Reference in this
No. Significant hazard Hazardous situation European Verification
Standard
Unexpected opening of the
1 Mechanical stress 5.4 T, D, M, V
discharge door
5.3.4.1
Crushing by compaction
2 Crushing, trapping mechanism by having access to 5.3.8.1 T, M, D, V
the hopper during operation
5.3.5
Crushing or shearing between
compaction mechanism and its
3 Crushing, shearing 5.3.2 V, D, M, T
housing when the body is
removed
Crushing between compaction
4 Crushing, shearing mechanism and its housing during 7.1 D
refuse collection
5.4.1.2.2
5.4.1.3.2
Crushing between discharge door
5 Crushing, shearing and body when discharge door is 5.4.2 V, D, M, T
being lowered
5.4.4
5.6.1
Crushing between open laterally
5.3.2
hinged discharge door and body
6 Crushing 5.4.1 V, D
when the discharge door is
5.4.4
unintentionally closed (by wind)
Crushing or shearing when lateral
7 Crushing, shearing access door is open whilst 5.3.4 D,V
mechanism is moving
Crushing between discharge door
5.4.1
8 Crushing, shearing and body when laterally hinged D, V
5.4.4
door is being opened
Crushing or shearing by
Crushing, shearing,
9 compaction mechanism or 5.3.4.1 D, V
drawing in
ejection plate
Drawing in between body and
10 Crushing, drawing in 5.3.7 D, V
rollers
Projection of Ejection of high pressure oil jet
11 hydraulic fluid under caused by loose or broken oil 5.7.1 V, D
high pressure hoses
7.1
12 Lack of information Risky reactions of the operator(s) V, D
5.11.1
Modifications by Unauthorised modifications of
13 5.10.1 D
operator(s) controls/control circuit
Various hazards e.g. by unsafe
Insufficient
14 handling of refuse, containers and 5.10.3.1 V, M
illumination
controls
Reference in this
No. Significant hazard Hazardous situation European Verification
Standard
Insufficient
instructions for
7.1
Human error by lack of
15 operation, D, V
information
7.2
maintenance and
repair
5.7
5.10.2
Inadequate design of Accidental use of control
16 D, V
manual controls switches, levers or joysticks
5.10.3.1
5.10.3.4
5.7
Inadequate design and Unexpected movement by
17 place of visual display actuation of the wrong control 5.10.3.1 D, V, T
units command
5.10.3.4
5.4.1.2
Failure of system that control
Failure of hydraulic
18 raising or lowering discharge 5.4.1.3 D, T
and control system
door
5.4.2
5.10.1
Machine movement
5.10.3.1
Return of energy unintentionally starts caused by
19 5.10.3.3 D, T
supply return of energy supply e.g after
5.12.5
failure of power
5.13.1
External influence on
20 Unexpected movements 5.10.2 T, D
electrical equipment
5.10.1
Machine movement
5.10.3.1
Failure of control unintentionally starts caused by
21 5.10.3.3 D, T
circuit stored energy e.g. after
5.12.5
unexpected engine stop
5.13.1
5.10.1
5.10.2
5.10.3,
5.12.1,
5.12.2,
Unintentional starting or failure
Failure of control
22 on stop functions due to bad 5.12.3, D, T
circuit
design of controls/control circuit
5.12.4,
5.12.5,
5.12.6,
5.12.8,
5.12.9
5.12.7
Errors by wrong Unexpected movements. Faulty
23 D
assembly connections
5.12.8
Reference in this
No. Significant hazard Hazardous situation European Verification
Standard
Free fall of the raised discharge
5.7.1
Failure of hoses door due to breakage of the oil
24 D, T, V
during operation pressure hoses (when it is not
5.4.2
secured)
Falling off by
25 inadequate closing of Refuse falls out of the body 5.6.1 D
the body
26 Tipping Tipping of RCV by lack of stability 5.14 D
Falling down of Injuries to operator(s) when
27 5.9.2 M
operator(s) getting in or out of the cab
Hard and sharp refuse pushed
28 Penetration by objects into the cab by the compaction 5.3.1 D
mechanism
When moving into the flowing
29 Insufficient visibility traffic if driver's seat is located on 5.11 V
kerb side
Hazards to health: deafness,
physiological disorders such as
loss of awareness, tinnitus
30 Noise 5.18 T,M
Hazards causing accidents due to
interference with speech
communication and non-
perception of acoustic signals
5 Safety requirements and protective measures
5.1 General
The front loaded RCV shall comply with the safety requirements and protective measures of this clause.
In addition, the front loaded RCV shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 12100:2010 for relevant
but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. All systems and components
shall be specified and installed in accordance with their manufacturer’s instructions.
The front loaded RCV shall not be able to be driven faster than 9 km/h when the vehicle is unsafe for
travelling, e.g.:
— powered parts of the bodywork out of the designated envelope for travel movement;
— the body or the powered discharge door in an unsafe position for travel movement;
— if the body is not in transport position and the discharge door is not locked.
5.2 Danger zones
5.2.1 General
Before starting and during any function the operator shall ensure that no other person is in the danger
zone related to this function. Operation scenarios specific for the application of a front loaded refuse
collection vehicles and related requirements are given in Table 2. These scenarios are only for example
and other existing solutions shall be subject to the same provisions in the largest extent.
NOTE Some of these requirements might be already covered by road safety requirements (e.g. indirect field
of vision). Therefore, installations (e.g. mirrors) used for the compliance with the road safety requirements can be
used to meet the requirements of this clause.
Table 2 — Basic scenarios and applicable danger zones
Operation/ Danger zones
No. Necessary information Provided by e.g.
Scenario concerned
— detection and optical or
— driver shall know
acoustical information
whether there are
and/or
vehicle approaching
1 operators, pedestrians or Figure C.1
to the loading zone — visibility and/or
obstacles in the danger
— communication between
zone
driver and operators
— detection and optical or
— driver shall know
acoustical information
vehicle leaving from whether there are
and/or
2 the loading zone operators, pedestrians or Figure C.1
— visibility and/or
(after collection) obstacles in the danger
— communication between
zone
driver and operators
— detection and optical or
— driver shall know
acoustical information
vehicle manoeuvring
whether there are
and/or
(all directions) of the
3 operators, pedestrians or Figure C.2
vehicle at the loading — visibility and/or
obstacles in the danger
zone
— communication between
zone
driver and operators
— driver shall know
— detection and optical or
whether there are
acoustical information
vehicle in forward pedestrians or obstacles in
4 Figure C.3
and/or
movement the danger zone and
whether the vehicle is in
— visibility
driving position
— detection and optical or
— driver shall know
acoustical information
whether there are
and/or
vehicle in backwards
5 operators, pedestrians or Figure C.4
movement — visibility and/or
obstacles in the danger
— communication between
zone
driver and operators
Driver's position:
— no information
necessary to the driver's
position
operators are
loading the bins
Operator's position:
6 using the lifter in — visibility Figure C.5
— operator who controls
manual mode while
the function (e.g. lifting,
vehicle is stationary
compaction) shall know
whether there are other
operators in the danger
zone
Operation/ Danger zones
No. Necessary information Provided by e.g.
Scenario concerned
When starting opening of
the tailgate, the operator
shall know whether there
— detection and optical or
Unloading the
are persons or obstacles in
acoustical information
stationary RCV by
7 the danger zone, e.g. where Figure C.6
and/or
ejection plate or
the refuse bunker is and
turning drum
— visibility
whether the free space for
opening the tailgate is
sufficient enough.
When starting opening of
the tailgate, the operator
shall know whether there
— detection and optical or
are persons or obstacles in
Unloading the
acoustical information
the danger zone, e.g. where
8 stationary RCV by Figure C.7
and/or
the refuse bunker is and
tipping the body
whether the free space for
— visibility
opening the tailgate and
tipping the body is
sufficient enough.
Driver shall know whether
there are persons or
Unloading the
— detection and optical or
obstacles in the danger
stationary RCV by
acoustical information
zone, e.g. where the refuse
9 tipping the body Figure C.8
and/or
bunker is and whether the
while vehicle is
free space for opening the
— visibility
moving
tailgate and tipping the
body is sufficient enough
5.2.2 Verification
The verification measurement shall be made with the vertical test object with a height of 1,2 m and a
diameter of 150 mm. For each danger zone identified in Table 2, it shall be checked whether this test
object moved with its centre point on the paths of the rectangular boundary of the danger zone is
visible or detectable from the operator position (driver and/or operator position). If the top of the
vertical test object is masked, it shall be checked if the vertical test object can be seen or detected at
least in a length of 200 mm. If this is possible is not counted for masking evaluation.
5.3 Compaction mechanism
5.3.1 General
Any contact between the container and the compaction mechanism shall be avoided.
5.3.2 Interaction between bodywork and compaction mechanism
The design shall take into account the dynamic forces and impact to the bodywork, the connection
between the discharge door and the body, and the connection between the compaction mechanism and
the body, all of which need to withstand the effects of the compaction mechanism.
The locking system between the discharge door mechanism and the body shall be designed to
withstand the compaction forces taking into account the maximum dynamic stress.
5.3.3 Hopper - Capacity of the hopper and dimensions
The capacity of the hopper and dimensions of the hopper and the performance of the compa
...