SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 22475-1:2007
Geotehnično preiskovanje in preskušanje - Metode vzorčenja in merjenje
podzemne vode - 1. del: Tehnična načela za vzorčenje zemlje, skal in podzemne
vode (ISO 22475-1:2021)
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods and groundwater
measurements - Part 1: Technical principles for the sampling of soil, rock and
groundwater (ISO 22475-1:2021)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Probenentnahmeverfahren und
Grundwassermessungen - Teil 1: Technische Grundlagen für die Probenentnahme von
Boden, Fels und Grundwasser (ISO 22475-1:2021)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Méthodes de prélèvement et mesurages
piézométriques - Partie 1: Principes techniques pour le prélèvement des sols, des
roches et des eaux souterraines (ISO 22475-1:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22475-1:2021
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 22475-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN ISO 22475-1:2006
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Sampling methods
and groundwater measurements - Part 1: Technical
principles for the sampling of soil, rock and groundwater
(ISO 22475-1:2021)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Méthodes de Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
prélèvement et mesurages piézométriques - Partie 1: Probenentnahmeverfahren für Boden, Fels und
Principes techniques pour le prélèvement des sols, des Grundwasser - Teil 1: Technische Grundlagen (ISO
roches et des eaux souterraines (ISO 22475-1:2021) 22475-1:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 September 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22475-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22475-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182
"Geotechnics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and
Testing” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 22475-1:2006.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22475-1:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22475-1:2021 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22475-1
Second edition
2021-10
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Sampling methods and
groundwater measurements —
Part 1:
Technical principles for the sampling
of soil, rock and groundwater
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Méthodes de prélèvement
et mesurages piézométriques —
Partie 1: Principes techniques pour le prélèvement des sols, des roches
et des eaux souterraines
Reference number
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Ground investigation methods . 2
3.2 Drilling rigs and equipment . 3
3.3 Sampling . 4
3.4 Rock and soil properties . 9
3.5 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 Equipment .10
4.1 Requirements for the drilling rigs and equipment . 10
4.2 Drilling parameters . 10
4.3 Safety and special requirements . 10
5 Procedures .11
5.1 General requirements for sampling . 11
5.2 Selection of techniques and methods . 11
5.3 Sampling categories for soil . 11
5.3.1 General . 11
5.3.2 Sample disturbance . 12
5.3.3 Category A sampling .12
5.3.4 Category B sampling . 13
5.3.5 Category C sampling . 13
5.3.6 Category D sampling . 13
5.3.7 Category E sampling. 13
5.4 Sampling categories for rock . 13
5.4.1 General .13
5.4.2 Sampling disturbance . 14
5.4.3 Category A sampling . 14
5.4.4 Category B sampling . 14
5.4.5 Category C sampling . 15
5.4.6 Category D sampling . 15
5.4.7 Category E sampling. 15
5.5 Sampling in trial pits, other excavations, headings and shafts . 15
5.6 Requirements for ground investigation sites and points . 15
5.7 Preliminary information needed before starting sampling . 16
5.8 Backfilling and site reinstatement . 16
6 Soil sampling methods . .17
6.1 General . 17
6.2 Sampling by drilling (continuous sampling) . 17
6.2.1 General . 17
6.2.2 Sampling by rotary drilling . 26
6.2.3 Sampling by use of hammer driving methods .28
6.2.4 Sampling by cable percussion drilling .28
6.2.5 Sampling by hollow stem auger drilling .28
6.2.6 Sampling by grab drilling .28
6.2.7 Soil sampling by small diameter drilling .29
6.2.8 Sampling by resonance drilling .29
6.3 Sampling using samplers . 29
6.3.1 General .29
6.3.2 Sampling using the open-tube sampler and the piston sampler .33
6.3.3 Sampling using the standard penetration test sampler .38
6.3.4 Sampling by using the window sampler .38
iii
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
6.3.5 Sampling using the windowless sampler .38
6.4 Block sampling .38
6.4.1 Sampling from trial pits .38
6.4.2 Sampling using large samplers . 39
7 Rock sampling methods .39
7.1 General .39
7.2 Sampling by drilling . 43
7.2.1 General . 43
7.2.2 Sampling by rotary dry core drilling . 43
7.2.3 Sampling by rotary core drilling . 43
7.2.4 Sampling by wireline core drilling .44
7.2.5 Sampling of cuttings by rotary open hole drilling .44
7.3 Block sampling .44
8 Groundwater sampling methods for geotechnical purposes . 44
8.1 General .44
8.2 Equipment . 45
8.3 Techniques of groundwater sampling . 45
8.3.1 General . 45
8.3.2 Extraction by pumping . 45
8.3.3 Extraction by water sampler .46
8.3.4 Extraction by vacuum bottles .46
9 Preservation, labelling, transport and storage of samples .46
9.1 General .46
9.2 Preservation of samples .46
9.3 Labelling of samples . 47
9.4 Transport and storage of samples .48
9.4.1 General considerations .48
9.4.2 Sampling category A .48
9.4.3 Sampling category B to E .49
9.4.4 Transport of water samples .49
10 Report .50
10.1 Field report .50
10.1.1 General .50
10.1.2 Summary log . 50
10.1.3 Drilling record . 51
10.1.4 Sampling record . 51
10.1.5 Record of identification and description of soil and rock . 52
10.1.6 Backfilling record . 53
10.1.7 Record of groundwater measurements during drilling and sampling .53
10.1.8 Daily record . 53
10.2 Report of the results .53
Annex A (informative) Example of a form for the preliminary information on the intended
sampling .55
Annex B (informative) Field reports .57
Annex C (informative) Drilling and sampling equipment for soil and rock .65
Annex D (informative) Examples of commonly used samplers and sample types . 127
Annex E (informative) Vacuum bottles for groundwater sampling . 130
Annex F (informative) Sealing and securing samples . 132
Annex G (informative) Sampling of coarse soils by drilling . 133
Annex H (informative) Sample quality . 134
Bibliography .141
iv
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 182, Geotechnics, in collaboration with
the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical
Investigation and Testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22475-1:2006), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— clauses on groundwater measurement will be part of ISO 18674-4;
— new sampling categories for soils have been added;
— editorial updates have been made.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22475 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling
methods and groundwater measurements —
Part 1:
Technical principles for the sampling of soil, rock and
groundwater
1 Scope
This document deals with principles of sampling of soil, rock and groundwater as part of the programme
of geotechnical investigation and testing.
NOTE 1 This document fulfils the requirements for sampling of soil, rock and groundwater, and groundwater
measurements as part of the programme of geotechnical investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 and
EN 1997-2.
The aims of such ground investigations are:
a) to recover soil, rock and water samples of a quality appropriate to assess the general suitability of a
site for geotechnical engineering purposes and to determine the required ground characteristics in
the laboratory;
b) to obtain information on the sequence, thickness and orientation of strata and discontinuities;
c) to establish the type, composition and condition of strata;
d) to obtain information on groundwater conditions and recover water samples for assessment of the
interaction of groundwater, soil, rock and construction material.
Soil sampling for the purposes of agricultural and environmental soil investigation is not covered.
NOTE 2 Guidance on soil sampling for these purposes including of contaminated or potentially contaminated
sites is provided in the ISO 18400 series. ISO 18400-204 provides in addition guidance on sampling and
measurement of soil (ground) gas.
NOTE 3 The sampling methods, presented in this document may not be suitable for all types of soil e.g. peat
with strong fibrous structure.
NOTE 4 Some of the sampling methods presented in this document are suitable for both soil and rock.
Water sampling for the purposes of quality control, quality characterisation and identification of
sources of pollution of water, including bottom deposits and sludges, is not covered.
NOTE 5 Water sampling for these purposes can be found in the ISO 5667 series.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification, description and classification of rock
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
ISO 3551-1, Rotary core diamond drilling equipment — System A — Part 1: Metric units
ISO 3552-1, Rotary core diamond drilling equipment — System B — Part 1: Metric units
ISO 10097-1, Wireline diamond core drilling equipment — System A — Part 1: Metric units
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
me a s ur ement (GUM: 1995)
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008/Suppl 1:2008, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression
of uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995) — Supplement 1: Propagation of distributions using a Monte
Carlo method
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 1: Introduction to the expression of uncertainty
in measurement
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14688-1, ISO 14689 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Ground investigation methods
3.1.1
trial pit
open excavation constructed to examine the ground conditions in-situ, recover samples (3.3.4) or carry
out field testing
3.1.2
shaft
open or steeply inclined excavation, typically more than 5 m deep, constructed to examine the ground
conditions in-situ, recover samples (3.3.4) or carry out field testing
3.1.3
heading
adit
small tunnel driven horizontally or with a slight inclination from a shaft (3.1.2) or into sloping ground
to examine the ground conditions in-situ, recover samples (3.3.4) or carry out field testing
3.1.4
borehole
hole of any predetermined diameter and length formed in any geological formation or manmade
material by drilling (3.1.5)
Note 1 to entry: Investigations carried out in such a hole can be to recover rock, soil or water samples (3.3.4) from
a specified depth or to carry out field tests and measurements.
3.1.5
drilling
process by which a borehole (3.1.4) is produced in any geological formation by rotary, rotary percussive,
percussive, resonance/sonic or thrust methods and in any predetermined direction in relation to the
drill rig (3.2.3)
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
3.1.6
small diameter drilling
drilling (3.1.5) in the soil with a diameter greater than 30 mm but less than 80 mm
3.1.7
drilling method
technique employed to create and stabilise the borehole (3.1.4)
3.2 Drilling rigs and equipment
3.2.1
drilling tool
device, which is attached to, or an integral part of, the drill string that is used for penetrating the
geological formation as a cutting tool
3.2.2
drill bit
device, which is attached to, or an integral part of, the drill string that is used as a cutting tool to
penetrate the formation being drilled by the drilling method (3.1.7) employed
3.2.3
drill rig
device which carries out the drilling (3.1.5) function
3.2.4
casing
tubing temporarily or permanently inserted into a borehole (3.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: It is used e.g. to stabilise it, to prevent the loss of flushing medium (3.2.5) to the surrounding
formation or to prevent cross flow between different groundwater horizons.
3.2.5
flushing medium
liquid or gaseous medium to remove cuttings (3.3.10) from the borehole (3.1.4), to aid sampling and to
lubricate and cool the drilling tool (3.2.1)
3.2.6
additive
substance added to the flushing medium (3.2.5) in order to affect or change its properties to improve its
functioning and can include borehole (3.1.4) stabilization
3.2.7
core lifter
split, internally slotted or serrated conical spring steel ring fitted to the core barrel to hold and retain
the core sample (3.3.8) whilst the core barrel is being hoisted from the borehole (3.1.4)
3.2.8
sample retainer
cylindrical device containing flexible spring fingers, hinged wedged-shaped fingers or a hinged flap
mounted in a carrier ring and mounted at the lower end of the sampler tube and used to retain the
sample (3.3.4) in the tube as the sampler is being lifted from the ground
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
3.3 Sampling
3.3.1
sampling by drilling
continuous sampling
process by which samples (3.3.4) are obtained by the drilling tools (3.2.1) as the borehole (3.1.4) proceeds
Note 1 to entry: The drilling (3.1.5) process is designed to obtain complete samples of the length of the borehole.
The drilling tools are used as sampling tools.
3.3.2
sampling using sampler
process by which samples (3.3.4) are obtained by samplers from trial pits (3.1.1), headings (3.1.3), shafts
(3.1.2) or boreholes (3.1.4) at selected positions
3.3.3
soil sampling by small diameter drilling
sampling by drilling (3.3.1) in soils using drilling tools (3.2.1) with a diameter greater than 30 mm but
less than 80 mm
3.3.4
sample
representative specimen of rock, soil or groundwater recovered from a recorded location
3.3.5
sampling method
set of equipment and procedures employed in a sampling operation
3.3.6
sampling category
sampling methods (3.3.5) to enable a certain quality of soil or rock samples (3.3.4) to be obtained
3.3.7
sampling disturbance
changes to the sample due to the sampling operation
Note 1 to entry: These changes can be of physical, chemical and/or state properties of the sampled material.
3.3.8
core
core sample
cylindrical sample (3.3.4) of soil or rock obtained from a borehole (3.1.4)
3.3.9
block sample
sample (3.3.4) of soil or rock cut out by special techniques to minimise disturbance
3.3.10
cuttings
particles of geological formations formed in the borehole (3.1.4) by the cutting action of the drilling tool
(3.2.1) and carried to the surface by the flushing medium (3.2.5) or by an appropriate device
3.3.11
suspended matter
abraded ground material in the flushing medium (3.2.5) generated by drilling (3.1.5), in which the
individual particle size cannot be recognised with the naked eye
3.3.12
core run
length of core sampling in an exploratory hole defined by the start and end depths (or other linear
measurement) of the sampling tool
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
3.3.13
core loss
difference between a core run (3.3.12) and the length of the core (3.3.8) recovered
3.3.14
area ratio
C
a
ratio of the area of soil displaced by the sampler tube in proportion to the area of the sample (3.3.4):
2 2
DD−
2 1
C = ⋅100
a
D
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Area ratio is expressed in %.
Note 3 to entry: Area ratio is one of the factors that determine the mechanical disturbance of the soil.
3.3.15
inside clearance ratio
C
i
DD−
C = ⋅100
i
D
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Inside clearance ratio is expressed in %.
Note 3 to entry: Inside clearance ratio is one of the factors that determine the mechanical disturbance of the
sample (3.3.4) caused by the friction on the inside wall of sample tube or of the liner.
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
Key
D inside diameter of the cutting shoe α taper angle
D greatest outside diameter of the cutting shoe 1 sample tube
D inside diameter of the sample tube or liner 2 cutting shoe
D outside diameter of the sample tube 3 liner (optional)
Figure 1 — Definitions of the diameters D , D , D and D
1 2 3 4
3.3.16
total core recovery in rock
TCR
total length of core sample (3.3.8) recovered (solid and non-intact), expressed as a percentage of the
length of the core run (3.3.12)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.3.17
rock quality designation
RQD
summed length of solid core pieces recovered in the core run (3.3.12) where each piece is at least 100
mm long between natural fracture, expressed as a percentage
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
3.3.18
solid core recovery
SCR
length of solid core (3.3.8) recovered in the core run (3.3.12), where solid core has at least one full
diameter, expressed as a percentage of the length of the core run
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: A solid core has a full diameter, uninterrupted by natural discontinuities, but not necessarily a
full circumference and is commonly measured along the core axis or other scan line.
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
Note 3 to entry: Core without at least one full diameter is termed non-intact.
Key
1 drilling (3.1.5) induced fractures RQD rock quality designation (3.3.17)
2 at least one full diameter SCR solid core recovery
3 no single full diameter TCR total core recovery in rock (3.3.16)
4 non-intact
5 no recovery
6 core run
NOTE All features shown are natural discontinuities unless stated otherwise.
Figure 2 — Application of fracture state terms for rock cores
3.3.19
sample recovery ratio in soil
TC
ratio of the length of the sample (3.3.4) l to the length of the sample run H
g
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
3.3.20
net sample recovery ratio
IC
ratio of the net length of the sample (3.3.4) l to the length of the sample run H
n
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
a)  Before withdrawal of sampler b) After withdrawal of sampler
Key
1 casing (3.2.4) l length of the lower part of the sample, which was
b
2 beginning of coring remoulded or lost
3 end of coring l difference between the sample run and the actual
e
4 bottom of predrilled borehole (3.1.4) length of the sample
5 vent-hole l total length of the sample after withdrawal of the
g
6 sample sampler, measured from the top of the sample to the
D the inside diameter of the sample tube or liner cutter edge, including the remoulded or lost parts at
H length of the sample run both ends of the sample
Z depth under the natural ground level of the lower l length of the remoulded or polluted upper part of the
f h
end of the sampler after sampling and before with sample
drawing the sampler l net length of the sample, before its conditioning
n
Z depth under the natural ground level of the l effective (useful) length of the sampling tube
i t
borehole bottom before sampling, and of the
beginning of the following core run (3.3.12)
Figure 3 — Lengths of core run and sample
3.3.21
thin-walled
having a low area ratio (3.3.14), a low taper angle and a thin edge
3.3.22
thick-walled
having an area ratio (3.3.14), taper angle and/or edge larger than that of a thin-walled
(3.3.21) sampler
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
3.4 Rock and soil properties
3.4.1
structure
pattern of discontinuities in soil and rock mass which subdivides the mass into individual units
3.4.2
texture
size, shape and arrangement of the grains for soil and rock
3.5 Abbreviated terms
AS disturbed sample from augering
B bulk disturbed samples
BS hand trimmed block sample
CP cable percussion drilling
CPT cone penetration testing
CS rotary core sample
D small disturbed sample
DLDS Deltares large diameter sampler
DT double tube drilling
GS grab sample
HSAS liner sample from hollow stem augering
LS large samplers
OS open-tube samplers
PE percussion
PS piston samplers
PU pushed
RC rotary coring
RO rotary open holing
S-SPT standard penetration test sampler
S-TP disturbed sampling from trial pit
S-BB sampling from borehole bottom
SN resonance/sonic drilling
ST single tube drilling
T/W thin-walled
TK/W thick-walled
ISO 22475-1:2021(E)
TP trial pitting
TT triple tube drilling
WS window sampler
4 Equipment
4.1 Requirements for the drilling rigs and equipment
Drilling rigs with appropriate stability, power and equipment such as drill rods, casing, core barrels
and bits shall be selected in order that the required sampling and borehole tests can be carried out to
the required depth of the borehole and sampling categories.
NOTE Annex C gives a selection of equipment which is currently used.
If applicable, the drilling and sampling equipment shall be in accordance with ISO 3551-1, ISO 3552-1
and ISO 10097-1.
4.2 Drilling parameters
The drilling rig and equipment shall allow control of relevant drilling functions listed below. Following
drilling parameters should be measured and recorded against depth, if required and applicable:
— drill head rotational torque (Nm);
— drill head rotational speed (rpm);
— feed thrust and pulling force (kN);
— penetration rate (m/min);
— depth of hammering intervals (on/off);
— topographical depth (m);
— azimuth and inclination when inclined drilling (degree);
— drilled length when inclined drilling (m);
— flushing medium pressure at the output of the pump (kPa);
— flushing medium circulation rate (input) (l/min);
— flushing medium recovery rate (l/min).
NOTE Measuring while drilling is covered by ISO 22476-15.
4.3 Safety and special requirements
Precautions regarding the safety on the site and the safety of the working practices for the execution of
boreholes, trial pits, heading and shafts sha
...