SIST EN ISO 10416:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2010
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Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluids - Laboratory testing (ISO
10416:2008)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Bohrspülungen - Laborversuche (ISO 10416:2008)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de forage - Essais en laboratoire (ISO
10416:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10416:2009
ICS:
75.100 Maziva Lubricants, industrial oils and
related products
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10416
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2009
ICS 75.100; 75.180.10
English Version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluids - Laboratory
testing (ISO 10416:2008)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de forage - Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Bohrspülungen -
Essais en laboratoire (ISO 10416:2008) Laborversuche (ISO 10416:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 November 2009.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10416:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
The text of ISO 10416:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment
and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 10416:2009 by Technical
Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and
natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by June 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10416:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10416:2009 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10416
Second edition
2008-06-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Drilling fluids — Laboratory testing
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de forage — Essais
en laboratoire
Reference number
ISO 10416:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 10416:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 10416:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vii
Introduction . viii
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Symbols and abbreviations .3
5 Barite.6
5.1 Principle.6
5.2 Reagents and apparatus .6
5.3 Sampling.7
5.4 Calculation of moisture content.7
5.5 Sieve analysis .7
5.6 Sedimentation analysis.8
6 Barite performance.12
6.1 Principle.12
6.2 Reagents and apparatus .12
6.3 Base drilling fluid preparation.13
6.4 Rheology test .13
6.5 Calculation.14
7 Abrasiveness of weighting materials .14
7.1 Principle.14
7.2 Reagents and apparatus .15
7.3 Determination of abrasion .15
8 Mercury in drilling fluid barite .17
8.1 Principle.17
8.2 Reagents and apparatus .17
8.3 Preparation of standards .19
8.4 Sample digestion .19
8.5 Check for recovery of Hg during digestion.20
8.6 Analysis of standards and samples.20
8.7 Calculation.20
9 Cadmium and lead in drilling fluid barite .21
9.1 Principle.21
9.2 Reagents and apparatus .21
9.3 Preparation of combined cadmium and lead standards .22
9.4 Sample digestion .22
9.5 Analysis of standards and samples.22
9.6 Calculation.23
10 Arsenic in drilling fluid barite .23
10.1 Principle.23
10.2 Reagents and apparatus .24
10.3 Preparation of standards .25
10.4 Sample digestion .25
10.5 Analysis of standards and samples.26
10.6 Calculation.26
11 Bridging materials for regaining circulation.26
ISO 10416:2008(E)
11.1 Principle . 26
11.2 Apparatus. 27
11.3 Preparation of test drilling fluid. 27
11.4 Static slot test. 27
11.5 Dynamic slot test . 28
11.6 Static marble bed test. 28
11.7 Dynamic marble bed test. 28
11.8 Static ball bearings (BB shot) bed test . 29
11.9 Dynamic ball bearings (BB shot) bed test.29
12 Filtration-control agents. 29
12.1 Principle . 29
12.2 Reagents and apparatus . 29
12.3 General instructions for preparation of base drilling fluids . 31
12.4 Salt-saturated drilling fluid. 31
12.5 High-hardness, salt-saturated drilling fluid. 32
12.6 10 % potassium chloride (KCl) drilling fluid. 32
12.7 Pre-hydrated bentonite slurry. 33
12.8 Modified seawater drilling fluid . 33
12.9 Low-salinity drilling fluid. 33
12.10 Lime-treated drilling fluid . 34
12.11 Low solids, non-dispersed drilling fluid . 34
12.12 Freshwater lignosulfonate drilling fluid. 35
12.13 Initial performance test. 35
12.14 Performance after heat ageing . 36
13 Methylene blue test for drilled solids and commerical bentonite. 36
13.1 Methylene blue capacity of drill solids . 36
13.2 Methylene blue capacity of commercial bentonite. 39
13.3 Solids content. 40
14 Deflocculation test for thinner evaluation . 41
14.1 Principle . 41
14.2 Reagents and apparatus . 42
14.3 Procedure for moisture content . 43
14.4 Calculation of moisture content . 43
14.5 Preparation of drilling fluid base. 43
14.6 Calculation. 44
14.7 Determination of rheological properties. 44
14.8 Calculation of thinner efficiency. 46
15 Testing base oils used in drilling fluids. 46
15.1 General . 46
15.2 Reagents and apparatus . 46
15.3 Density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity-hydrometer method (see
ISO 3675). 46
15.4 Density and relative density of liquids using a digital density meter (see ASTM D 4052) . 47
15.5 Kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque oils — Calibrated capillary tube method
(see ISO 3104). 47
15.6 Distillation (see ISO 3405) . 47
15.7 Aniline point and mixed aniline point (see ISO 2977:1997). 48
15.8 Pour point (see ISO 3016). 48
15.9 Flash point by Pensky-Martens closed tester (see ISO 2719) . 49
15.10 Aromatics content (see IP 391 or ASTM D 5186). 49
16 Potassium ion content — Ion-selective electrode method. 50
16.1 Principle . 50
16.2 Reagents and apparatus . 50
16.3 Preparation of electrodes. 51
16.4 Operational check of electrode system . 51
16.5 Measurements using a meter with direct concentration readout capability . 52
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 10416:2008(E)
16.6 Measurements with instruments that provide either a digital or an analogue readout in
millivolts .52
17 Calcium ion content — Ion-selective electrode method.53
17.1 Principle.53
17.2 Reagents and apparatus .53
17.3 Preparation of electrodes .54
17.4 Operational check of electrode system.55
17.5 Measurements using a meter with direct concentration readout capability .55
17.6 Measurements with instruments that provide either a digital or an analogue readout in
millivolts .55
18 Sodium ion content — Ion-selective electrode method .56
18.1 Principle.56
18.2 Reagents and apparatus .57
18.3 Preparation and operational check of the electrode system .57
18.4 Measurements using a meter with a direct concentration-readout capability.58
18.5 Measurements using a meter with readout in millivolts.58
19 Density of solids — Stereopycnometer method.59
19.1 Principle.59
19.2 Apparatus .59
19.3 Procedure — Stereopycnometer method.59
19.4 Calculation — Stereopycnometer method .60
20 Density of solids — Air comparison pycnometer method .61
20.1 Principle.61
20.2 Apparatus .61
20.3 Procedure — Air comparison pycnometer method .61
20.4 Calculation — Air comparison pycnometer method.61
21 Ageing of water-based drilling fluids.62
21.1 Principle.62
21.2 Practices common to preparation, handling and testing over all temperature ranges.62
21.3 Drilling fluid sample preparation and ageing at ambient temperature .63
21.4 Drilling fluid ageing at moderate temperatures [ambient to 65 °C (150 °F)].64
21.5 Drilling fluid ageing at substantially elevated temperatures [over 65 °C (150 °F)] .66
21.6 Inertness and chemical compatibility in high-temperature ageing cells.68
21.7 Obtaining supplies and services for the ageing of drilling fluid samples.69
22 Ageing of oil-based drilling fluids.69
22.1 Principle.69
22.2 Apparatus .70
22.3 Practices common to preparation, handling and testing over all temperature ranges.71
22.4 Drilling fluid ageing at ambient temperatures .72
22.5 Drilling fluid ageing at moderate temperatures [ambient to 65 °C (150 °F)].73
22.6 Drilling fluid ageing at substantially elevated temperatures [over 65 °C (150 °F)] .74
22.7 Inertness and chemical compatibility in high-temperature ageing cells.75
22.8 Obtaining supplies and services for the ageing of drilling fluid samples.76
23 Shale-particle disintegration test by hot rolling .76
23.1 Principle.76
23.2 Reagents and apparatus .77
23.3 Procedure .77
23.4 Calculation.78
24 Drilling fluid materials — High-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-HV) (regular).79
24.1 Principle.79
24.2 Determination of moisture content.79
24.3 Procedures with test fluid containing PAC-HV.80
25 Drilling fluid materials — Low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-LV).82
25.1 Principle.82
25.2 Determination of moisture content.83
ISO 10416:2008(E)
25.3 Procedures with test fluid containing PAC-LV . 83
26 Preparation and evaluation of invert-emulsion drilling fluids. 86
26.1 Principle . 86
26.2 Reagents and apparatus . 86
26.3 Mixing of the initial drilling fluid. 87
26.4 Testing the properties of the initial drilling fluid . 88
26.5 Preparation of the sample contaminated by seawater. 88
26.6 Preparation of the sample contaminated by base evaluation clay. 89
26.7 Preparation of the sample contaminated by mixed-salt brine . 89
26.8 Procedure for hot-rolling. 89
26.9 Procedure for static ageing. 89
26.10 Procedure for testing after heat ageing. 90
27 High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of drilling fluids using the permeability
plugging apparatus and cells with set-screw-secured end caps. 90
27.1 Principle . 90
27.2 Safety considerations. 90
27.3 Apparatus — Permeability-plugging apparatus (PPA) with set-screw-secured end caps. 92
27.4 Procedure for high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) filtration. 94
27.5 Test conclusion and disassembly. 97
27.6 Data reporting. 99
28 High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of drilling fluids using the permeability-
plugging apparatus and cells with threaded end caps . 100
28.1 Principle . 100
28.2 Safety considerations. 100
28.3 Apparatus — Permeability-plugging apparatus (PPA) with threaded end caps . 102
28.4 Procedure for high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) filtration. 104
28.5 Test conclusion and disassembly. 106
28.6 Data reporting. 108
Bibliography . 109

vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 10416:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10416 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10416:2002), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 10416:2008(E)
Introduction
This International Standard, which establishes testing methodologies for drilling fluid materials, is based on
[2]
API RP 13I, seventh edition/ISO 10416:2002 . This International Standard was developed in response to a
demand for more exacting testing methodologies. The tests contained herein were developed over several
years by a group of industry experts and were identified as being those which can yield reproducible and
accurate results. The tests are anticipated to be performed in a laboratory setting, but can be applicable in a
field situation with more rigorous apparatus and conditions than normally found in a drilling fluid field-test kit.
These tests are designed to assist in the evaluation of certain parameters for drilling fluids, with these
properties not necessarily used for the maintenance of a drilling fluid in field use. The tests provide either
more precision or different properties than those given in the field-testing standards ISO 10414-1 and
ISO 10414-2.
It is necessary that users of this International Standard be aware that further or differing requirements can be
needed for individual applications. This International Standard is not intended to inhibit a vendor from offering,
or the purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions for the individual application.
This may be particularly appropriate where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative
is offered, the vendor should identify any variations from this International Standard and provide details.
As with any laboratory procedure requiring the use of potentially hazardous chemicals, the user is expected to
have received proper knowledge and training in the use and disposal of these chemicals. The user is
responsible for compliance with all applicable local, regional, and national regulations for worker and local
health, safety and environmental liability.
This International Standard contains footnotes giving examples of apparatus, reagents and sometimes the
supplier(s) of those materials that are available commercially. This information is given for the convenience of
users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the products named.
Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

viii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10416:2008(E)

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluids —
Laboratory testing
1 Scope
This International Standard provides procedures for the laboratory testing of both drilling fluid materials and
drilling fluid physical, chemical and performance properties. It is applicable to both water-based and oil-based
drilling fluids, as well as the base or “make-up” fluid.
It is not applicable as a detailed manual on drilling fluid control procedures. Recommendations regarding
agitation and testing temperature are presented because the agitation history and temperature have a
profound effect on drilling fluid properties.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 91-1:1992, Petroleum measurement tables — Part 1: Tables based on reference temperatures of 15 °C
and 60 °F
ISO 2719, Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method
ISO 2977:1997, Petroleum products and hydrocarbon solvents — Determination of aniline point and mixed
aniline point
ISO 3007, Petroleum products and crude petroleum — Determination of vapour pressure — Reid method
ISO 3016, Petroleum products — Determination of pour point
ISO 3104, Petroleum products — Transparent and opaque liquids — Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity
ISO 3405:2000, Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density —
Hydrometer method
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 3839, Petroleum products — Determination of bromine number of distillates and aliphatic olefins —
Electrometric method
ISO 10414-1:2008, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 1: Water-
based fluids
1)
ISO 10414-2:— , Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 2: Oil-based
fluids
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 10414-2:2002)
ISO 10416:2008(E)
2)
ISO 13500:— , Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and tests
ASTM D 1141, Standard Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water
ASTM D 4052, Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ASTM D 5186, Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic
Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
ASTM E 100, Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
IP 391, Petroleum products — Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates — High
performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection
3 Terms and definitions
3.1
ACS reagent grade
chemical which meets purity standards as specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS)
3.2
base oil
solids- and water-free hydrocarbon oil, commonly used in the drilling fluid industry for preparation and/or
dilution of an oil-based drilling or completion fluid
NOTE 1 Commonly used base oils are often termed “mineral oils”, “solvent oils” or “absorber oils” and also include the
“diesel oils”.
NOTE 2 See Clause 15.
3.3
darcy
k
permeability of a porous medium, where one darcy is the flow of a single-phase fluid of 1 cP viscosity that
completely fills the voids of the porous medium, flowing through the medium under conditions of viscous flow
3 −1 −2
at a rate of 1 cm⋅s •cm cross-sectional area, and under a pressure or equivalent hydraulic gradient of
−1
1 atm•cm
NOTE 1 cP = 1 mPa⋅s.
3.4
flash side
side containing residue (“flash”) from stamping and with concave indentations
3.5
quarter, verb
mix and divide into four specimens to assure homogeneity of specimens
3.6
spurt loss
volume of fluid that passes through the filtration medium before a filter cake is formed
3.7
tube sampling
sampling method comprising withdrawal of powdered sample from bag or bulk via a cylindrical device pushed
into the sample, locked shut and withdrawn

2) To be published. (Revision of ISO 13500:2006)
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

ISO 10416:2008(E)
4 Symbols and abbreviations
AA atomic absorption spectroscopy
ACS American Chemical Society
API American Petroleum Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BB ball bearings
C concentration
C concentration of bentonite, in kilograms per cubic metre;
B,A
C concentration of bentonite, in pounds per barrel;
B,B
C is the concentration of drilled solids, in kilograms per cubic metre
DS,A
C is the concentration of drilled solids, in pounds per barrel
DS,B
C concentration of low gravity solids, in kilograms per cubic metre;
LG,A
C concentration of low gravity solids, in pounds per barrel;
LG,B
C average methylene blue capacity for all low-gravity solids, in milliequivalents per hundred grams
MBT-AVE
(meq/100 g)
C methylene blue capacity of commercial bentonite, in milliequivalents per hundred grams
MBT-B
(meq/100 g)
C methylene blue capacity of drill solids, in milliequivalents per hundred grams (meq/100 g)
MBT-DS
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of ACS
d inner diameter
D outer diameter
DCP direct current plasma
DS drill solids
E bentonite equivalent, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre
BE,A
E bentonite equivalent, expressed in pounds per barrel;
BE,B
e thinner efficiency, in percent
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
F the performance index (mathematical symbol)
PI
H corrected hydrometer reading (the hydrometer reading minus composite correction)
c
HTHP high-temperature, high-pressure
ICP inductively coupled plasma
ISO 10416:2008(E)
IP standards issued by Energy Institute (formerly, Institute of Petroleum)
ISA ionic strength adjuster
ISE ion-selective electrode
LGS low-gravity solids
MBT methylene blue test
a abrasion, in milligrams per minute
G 10 s gel reading
10 s
G 10 min gel reading
10 min
l effective depth of hydrometer, in centimetres (see Table 2)
m mass of arsenic in the digested sample, in micrograms
As
m initial blade mass, in milligrams
b
m mass of a commercial bentonite sample, in grams
B
m mass of water required for solids adjustm
...