SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
(Main)Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles
Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles
1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of bored piles (see 3.2).
NOTE 1 This standard covers piles or barrettes which are formed in the ground by excavation and are structural members used to transfer actions and/or limit deformations.
NOTE 2 This standard covers piles with circular cross-section (see Figures 1 and A.1a)) and barrettes (see 3.3) with rectangular, T or L or any other similar cross-section (see Figure 2) concreted in a single operation.
NOTE 3 In the standard the term pile is used for circular cross-section structure and the term barrette for other shapes. Both are bored piles.
1.2 This European Standard applies to bored piles (see Figure 3) with:
- uniform cross-section (straight shaft);
- telescopically changing shaft dimensions;
- excavated base enlargements; or
- excavated shaft enlargements.
NOTE The shape of a pile base and of an enlargement depends on the tool used for the excavation.
1.3 This European Standard applies (see Note) to:
- bored piles with a depth to width ratio 5;
- piles (see Figures 1 and 3) with a shaft diameter 0,3 m D 3,0 m;
- barrettes (see Figure 2) with the least dimension Wi 0,4 m, a ratio LBiB / Wi between its largest and its least dimensions 6 and a cross-sectional area A 15 m²;
- piles with circular precast elements used as structural member (see Figure 7) with a least dimension DP 0,3 m;
- barrettes with rectangular precast elements used as structural member with a least dimension WP 0,3 m.
NOTE The standard covers a large range of diameters. For small diameter bored piles less than 450 mm, the general specification can be adapted to cater for the lack of space (e.g. minimum bars number and spacing).
1.4 This European Standard applies to piles with the following rake (see Figure 4):
- n 4 ( 76°);
- n 3 ( 72°) for permanently cased piles.
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Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Bohrpfähle
1.1 Diese Europäische Norm stellt die allgemeinen Grundlagen für die Ausführung von Bohrpfählen (siehe 3.2) auf.
ANMERKUNG 1 Diese Norm gilt für Pfähle oder Barette, die durch Bodenaushub hergestellt werden, und die tragende Bauteile darstellen, um Einwirkungen zu übertragen und/oder Verformungen zu begrenzen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Diese Norm gilt für Bohrpfähle mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt (siehe Bild 1 und Bild A.1a)) und für Bohr¬pfähle, die als Schlitzwandelemente ausgebildet sind (Barettes) (siehe 3.3), mit rechteckigem, T-förmigem oder L-för¬migem Querschnitt oder mit einem ähnlichen Querschnitt (siehe Bild 2) unter der Voraussetzung, dass der Querschnitt in einem Arbeitsgang betoniert wird.
ANMERKUNG 3 In dieser Norm wird der Begriff „Pfahl“ für Pfähle mit kreisrundem Querschnitt und der Begriff „Schlitz-wandelement" (Barette) für Pfähle mit anderen Formen gebraucht. In beiden Fällen handelt es sich um Bohrpfähle.
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1.2 Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bohrpfähle (siehe Bild 3) mit:
konstantem Querschnitt (mit gleichbleibenden Schaftabmessungen);
teleskopartig veränderlichen Schaftabmessungen;
ausgehobener Fußaufweitung; oder
ausgehobener Schaftaufweitung.
ANMERKUNG Die Gestalt des Pfahlfußes oder einer Aufweitung hängt von dem für den Aushub benutzten Werk¬zeug ab.
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1.3 Diese Europäische Norm gilt für (siehe Anmerkung):
Bohrpfähle mit einem Verhältnis Tiefe/Breite 5;
Pfähle (siehe Bild 1 und Bild 3) mit einem Schaftdurchmesser 0,3 m D 3,0 m;
Schlitzwandelemente (Barettes) (siehe Bild 2) mit einer kleinsten Abmessung (Dicke) Wi 0,4 m, einem Verhältnis zwischen der größten und kleinsten Abmessung Li / Wi 6 und einer Querschnittsfläche A 15 m2;
Pfähle mit kreisrunden Stahlbeton-Fertigteilen, die als tragende Bauteile eingesetzt werden (siehe Bild 7), mit der kleinsten Abmessung DP 0,3 m;
Schlitzwandelemente mit rechteckigen Stahlbeton-Fertigteilen, die als tragende Bauteile eingesetzt werden und als kleinste Abmessung WP 0,3 m haben.
ANMERKUNG Diese Norm gilt für eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Durchmessern. Für kleine Bohrpfähle mit einem Durchmesser < 450 mm können die allgemeinen Bestimmungen angepasst werden, um dem Platzmangel Rechnung zu tragen (z. B. Mindestanzahl der Bewehrungsstäbe und Abstand zwischen den Stäben).
1.4 Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Pfähle mit folgender Neigung (siehe Bild 4):
n 4 ( 76°);
n 3 ( 72°) bei Pfählen mit bleibender Verrohrung.
1.5 Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bohrpfähle mit folgenden Abmessungen der Schaft- oder Fuß-aufweitungen (siehe Bild 3):
a) Fußaufweitungen:
1) in nichtbindigen Böden: DB / D 2;
2) in bindigen Böden: DB / D 3;
b) Schaftaufweitungen in allen Böden: DE / D 2;
c) Neigung der Aufweitung:
1) in nichtbindigen Böden: m 3 und
2) in bindigen Böden: m 1,5;
d) Fläche der Fußaufweitung eines Schlitzwandelementes: A 15 m2;
1.6 Die Bestimmungen dieser Europäischen Norm gelten für:
einzelne Bohrpfähle;
Bohrpfahlgruppen (siehe Bild 5);
Bohrpfahlwände (siehe Bild 6).
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1.7 Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bohrpfähle, die durch kontinuierliche oder diskontinuierliche Aushub-verfahren hergestellt werden, wobei die Bohrlochwände, soweit nötig, gestützt sind.
1.8 Diese Europäische Norm gilt nur für Herstellungsverfahren, die erlauben, die in der Bemessung vor-gesehenen Querschnittsformen auszuführen.
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Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Pieux forés
1.1 La présente norme européenne définit les principes généraux pour l'exécution de pieux forés (voir 3.2) :
NOTE 1 La présente norme couvre les pieux ou barrettes qui sont exécutés en place et qui sont des éléments structurels permettant de transférer des actions et/ou de limiter des déformations.
NOTE 2 La présente norme s'applique aux pieux de section circulaire (voir Figures 1 et A.1 a)) et aux barrettes (voir 3.3) de section rectangulaire, en T ou en L ou de tout autre section similaire (voir Figure 2), bétonnés en une seule opération.
NOTE 3 Dans la présente norme, le terme « pieux » est utilisé pour les structures à section circulaire et le terme « barrette » pour les autres formes. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit de pieux forés.
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1.2 La présente norme européenne s'applique aux pieux forés (voir Figure 3) avec :
des sections uniformes (fûts rectilignes) ;
des fûts variant de manière télescopique ;
des bases élargies par excavation ; ou
des fûts élargis par excavation.
NOTE La forme de la base d’un pieu ou d’un élargissement dépend de l’outil utilisé pour l’excavation.
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1.3 La présente norme européenne s'applique (voir Note) :
aux pieux forés ayant un rapport profondeur/largeur 5 ;
aux pieux (voir Figures 1 et 3) ayant un diamètre de fût 0,3 m D 3,0 m ;
aux barrettes (voir Figure 2) ayant la plus petite dimension WBiB 0,4 m, un rapport LBiB / WBiB entre ses plus grande et plus petite dimensions 6 et une section A 15 m² ;
aux pieux à éléments structurels préfabriqués circulaires (voir Figure 7) avec la plus petite dimension DBPB 0,3 m ;
aux barrettes à éléments structurels préfabriqués rectangulaires avec la plus petite dimension WBPB 0,3 m.
NOTE La présente norme couvre une vaste gamme de diamètres. Pour les pieux forés ayant un diamètre inférieur à 450 mm, la spécification générale peut être adaptée afin de prendre en compte le manque d’espace (par exemple nombre minimal de barres et espacement).
1.4 La présente norme européenne s’applique à des pieux ayant l’inclinaison suivante (voir Figure 4) :
n 4 ( 76°) ;
n 3 ( 72°) pour les pieux tubés permanents.
1.5 La présente norme européenne s'applique aux pieux forés dont les élargissements de la base ou du fût ont les dimensions suivantes (voir Figure 3) :
a) élargissements de la base :
1) dans les terrains non cohérents : DBBB / D 2 ;
2) dans les terrains cohérents : DBBB / D 3 ;
b) élargissements du fût dans tous les terrains : DBE B / D 2 ;
c) pente de l’élargissement dans les terrains non cohérents m 3 ;
1) dans les terrains non cohérents : m 3 ;
2) dans les terrains cohérents : m 1,5 ;
d) élargissements de la base des pieux de type barrette : A 15 m² ;
1.6 Les dispositions de la présente norme européenne s’appliquent aux :
pieux forés isolés ;
groupes de pieux forés (voir Figure 5) ;
parois réalisées avec des pieux (voir Figure 6).
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1.7 La présente norme européenne s’applique à des pieux forés pouvant être excavés par des méthodes de forage continu ou discontinu, avec utilisation, si besoin est, de techniques de support pour stabiliser les parois du forage.
1.8 La présente norme européenne s’applique seulement aux méthodes d’exécution qui permettent la réalisation des sections transversales prévues à la conception.
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Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del - Uvrtani piloti
1.1 Ta evropski standard določa splošna načela za izvedbo uvrtanih pilotov (glej 3.2)
OPOMBA 1 Ta standard zajema pilote, ki so oblikovani v tleh z izkopavanjem in so strukturni člani za prenos dejanj in omejevanje deformacij.
OPOMBA 2 Ta standard zajema pilote s krožnim prečnim prerezom (glej sliki 1 in 1a) in pilote »barrette« (vrsta uvrtanih nosilnih elementov) (glej 3.3) s pravokotnimi prerezi v obliki črke T ali L ali katerim koli podobnim prerezom (glej sliko 2), ki so bili zabetonirani naenkrat.
OPOMBA 3 V tem standardu se izraz pilot uporablja za strukture s krožnim prečnim prerezom, izraz »barrette« pa za druge oblike. Oba izraza predstavljata uvrtane pilote.
1.2 Ta evropski standard velja za uvrtane pilote, (glej sliko 3):
– z enakomernim prečnim prerezom (ravna gred);
– teleskopsko nastavljivimi merami gredi;
– izkopanimi povečanji podnožja; ali
– izkopanimi povečanji gredi.
OPOMBA Oblika podnožja pilota in povečanja je odvisna od orodja, ki je bilo uporabljeno za izkop.
1.3 Ta evropski standard velja za (glej opombo):
– uvrtane pilote z razmerjem globine proti širini 5;
– pilote (glej sliki 1 in 3) s premerom gredi 0,3 m D 3,0 m;
–pilote »barrettes« (glej sliko 2) z najmanjšo mero Wi 0,4 m, razmerjem LBiB/Wi med največjo in najmanjšo mero 6 in površino prereza A 15 m²;
– pilote s krožnimi montažnimi elementi, ki so uporabljeni kot strukturni član (glej sliko 7) z najmanjšo mero DP 0,3 m;
– pilote »barrettes« s pravokotnimi montažnimi elementi, ki so uporabljeni kot strukturni član z najmanjšo mero WP 0,3 m;
OPOMBA Standard zajema širok nabor premerov. Za uvrtane pilote z manjšim premerom do 450 mm je splošno specifikacijo mogoče prilagoditi, da se poskrbi za pomanjkanje prostora (npr. najmanjše število palic in razmik).
1.4 Ta evropski standard velja za pilote z naslednjim naklonom (glej sliko 4):
– n 4 ( 76°);
– n 3 ( 72°) za trajno obdane pilote.
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General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - BohrpfähleExécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Pieux forésExecution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1536:2010+A1:2015SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015en,fr,de01-september-2015SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 1536:20111DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1536:2010+A1
June 2015 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1536:2010English Version
Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles
Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Pieux forés
Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Bohrpfähle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2010 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 17 April 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1536:2010+A1:2015 ESIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
Glossary . 55 Annex B (informative)
Examples for details and frequencies for monitoring and testing . 64 Annex C (informative)
Sample records . 69 Annex D (informative)
Obligation of the provisions . 76 Bibliography . 82
1: General rules and EN 1997-2,
2: Ground investigation and testing. Clause 7 "Considerations related to design" of this European Standard expands on design only where necessary (e.g. the detailing of reinforcement), but provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements. !The amendment became necessary to accord the Standard EN 1536:2010 with EN 206:2013, Concrete – Specification, performance, production and conformity. EN 206:2013 has been revised to contain also the specific requirements for concrete for applications for special geotechnical works, making redundant respective provisions in EN 1536 (e.g. 6.1, 6.3 and 8.8).
Full according with EN 13670, Execution of concrete structures is however still pending. EN 1536:2010+A1:2015 therefore still contains specific requirements for bored piles as a concrete structure, such as the detailing of the reinforcement, the concrete placement and the supervision of concreting process which are complementing the provisions of EN 13670.
In addition, some editorial corrections were made in this amended Standard." According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
W Barrette thickness
A Cross-sectional area of the shaft Figure 1 — Bored pile with circular cross-section Figure 2 — Bored pile with non circular cross-section (barrettes) 1.2
This European Standard applies to bored piles (see Figure 3) with: — uniform cross-section (straight shaft); — telescopically changing shaft dimensions; — excavated base enlargements; or — excavated shaft enlargements. NOTE
The shape of a pile base and of an enlargement depends on the tool used for the excavation. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
Shaft diameter n
Rake DB Base enlargement diameter
DE Shaft enlargement diameter
Figure 3 — Examples for straight shaft piles and piles with shaft and base enlargement Figure 4 — Definition of the rake 1.3
This European Standard applies (see Note) to: — bored piles with a depth to width ratio ≥ 5; — piles (see Figures 1 and 3) with a shaft diameter 0,3 m ≤ D ≤ 3,0 m; — barrettes (see Figure 2) with the least dimension Wi ≥ 0,4 m, a ratio Li / Wi between its largest and its least dimensions ≤ 6 and a cross-sectional area A ≤ 15 m²; — piles with circular precast elements used as structural member (see Figure 7) with a least dimension Dm ≥ 0,3 m; — barrettes with rectangular precast elements used as structural member with a least dimension Wm ≥ 0,3 m. NOTE The standard covers a large range of diameters. For small diameter bored piles less than 450 mm, the general specification can be adapted to cater for the lack of space (e.g. minimum bars number and spacing). 1.4
This European Standard applies to piles with the following rake (see Figure 4): — n ≥ 4 (f ≥ 76°); — n ≥ 3 (f ≥ 72°) for permanently cased piles. 1.5 This European Standard applies to bored piles with the following dimensions of the shaft or base enlargements (see Figure 3): a) base enlargements: 1) in non-cohesive ground: DB / D ≤ 2; 2) in cohesive ground: DB / D ≤ 3; SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
The provisions of this European Standard apply to: — single bored piles; — bored pile groups (see Figure 5); — walls formed by piles (see Figure 6). ! " Key D Shaft diameter ai
Centre to centre spacing of the piles Figure 5 — Examples of pile groups SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
! " a = D b) Contiguous pile wall
! " a > D c) Widely spaced pile wall
Key a
Centre to centre spacing of the piles D
Shaft diameter 1
Lagging Figure 6 — Examples of pile walls 1.7
The bored piles which are the subject of this European Standard can be excavated by continuous or discontinuous methods using support methods for stabilizing the excavation walls where required. 1.8
This European Standard applies only to construction methods that allow the designed cross-sections to be produced. 1.9
The provisions apply to bored piles (see Figure 7) constructed of: — unreinforced (plain) concrete; — reinforced concrete; — concrete reinforced by means of special reinforcement such as steel tubes, steel sections or steel fibres; — precast concrete (including prestressed concrete) elements or steel tubes where the annular gap between the element or tube and the ground is filled by concrete, cement or cement-bentonite grout. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
" a) Use of plain concrete b) Use of concrete with bar reinforcement c) Use of special reinforcement
(steel section or tube) !
" d) Use of precast concrete element as main or supplementary structural member e) Use of steel tube as main or supplementary structural member Key 1
Precast concrete element 2
Grout 3
Temporary casing (extracted) 4
Uncased excavation 5
Unreinforced or reinforced concrete or cement grout D
Shaft diameter Figure 7 — Examples of bored piles with circular cross-section 1.10
Micropiles, mixed-in-place columns, columns constructed by jet grouting, ground improvement for piling, mixed-in-place pile bases and diaphragm walls are not covered by this European Standard. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
!deleted text" EN 996,
EN 1008, water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industryf as mixing water for concrete EN 1990,
EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1994 (all parts), burocode 4t aesign of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1997-1,
EN 1997-2,
EN 1998 (all parts), burocode 8t aesign of structures for earthquake resistance EN 10025-2, -alloy structural steels EN 10080, - General EN 10210 (all parts), Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels !deleted text" EN 12794,
EN 13670, Execution of concrete structures ISO/DIS 22477-1, load test by static axially loaded compression SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
There are several types of sonic tests which measure the velocity of the wave either along the pile length or between a transmitter and a receiver placed at the same level in the shaft. 3.26 coring test fr essai d'auscultation sonique par transparence de Prüfung mittels Kernbohrung integrity test carried out from core drillings in a bored pile shaft 3.27 test pile fr pieu d'essai de Probepfahl zur Ermittlung Tragfähigkeit; Probebelastungspfahl bored pile to which loads are applied to determine the resistance deformation characteristics of the bored pile and the surrounding ground NOTE Depending on the test performed, test pile can be working pile or expendable pile. 3.28 trial pile fr pieu de faisabilité de Probepfahl zur Prüfung Ausführbarkeit; Eignungspfahl bored pile installed to assess the practicability and suitability of the construction method for a particular application NOTE A trial pile can also be used as a test pile. 3.29 static pile load test fr essai de chargement statique de pieu de statische Probebelastung loading test where a bored pile is subjected to chosen static axial and/or lateral actions at the bored pile head for the analysis of its capacity SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
This information should include: — any legal or statutory restrictions; — the location of main grid lines for setting out; — the conditions of structures, roads, services, etc. adjacent to the work, including any necessary surveys; — a suitable quality management system, including supervision, monitoring and testing. 4.1.3 The information regarding the site conditions shall cover, where relevant: — the geometry of the site (boundary conditions, topography, access, slopes, headroom restrictions, etc.); — the existing underground structures, services, known contaminations, and archeological constraints; — the environmental restrictions, including noise, vibration, pollution; — the future or ongoing activities such as dewatering, tunnelling, deep excavations. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
The sufficiency of the geotechnical investigation shall be checked for the design and execution of the bored piles. 5.1.4 If the geotechnical investigations are not sufficient, a supplementary investigation shall be conducted. 5.2 Specific requirements 5.2.1 Particular attention shall be paid to the following aspects, which are relevant to the execution of bored piles: — the ground level at any point of investigation or testing relative to the recognised national datum or to a fixed reference chart datum; — piezometric levels of all water-tables and permeability of the soils; — presence of coarse, highly permeable soils or cavities (natural or artificial), which can cause sudden losses of support fluid and instability of the bore during the excavation or can cause a sudden drop of concrete during the placement, and thus can require special measures; — presence, strength and deformation characteristics of soft soils, such as very soft clay or peat, which can cause difficulties during excavation or concreting (deformation or instability); — presence of boulders or obstructions which can cause difficulties during excavation and, an assessment of their size and frequency, when applicable; — presence, position, strength of hard rock or other hard materials which can cause difficulties during excavation and may require the use of special tools; — presence, extent and thickness of any strata that can be sensitive to water infiltration or to stress caused by piling tools (e.g. impact, percussion or vibration); — underground strata where high ground-water velocities exist; SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
The sources of supply of constituents shall be documented and shall not be changed without prior notification. 6.1.2 Bentonite 6.1.2.1 A distinction should be made between calcium bentonite, natural sodium bentonite and activated bentonite, which is a sodium bentonite produced from natural calcium bentonite by ion exchange. NOTE 1 Bentonite is a clay containing mainly the mineral montmorillonite. NOTE 2 Bentonite is used in support fluids, either as a pure bentonite suspension or as an addition to polymers solutions. It is also used as a constituent part of hardening slurries and of plastic concrete. 6.1.2.2 Bentonite used in bentonite suspensions shall not contain harmful constituents in such quantities as can be detrimental to reinforcement or concrete. 6.1.2.3 The chemical and mineralogical composition of the bentonite shall be supplied. SIST EN 1536:2011+A1:2015
There are different types of polymers ranging from natural gums to specially tailored blends of synthetic products. ! 6.1.4 Cement 6.1.4.1 Cements for bored piles ar
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