SIST EN ISO 21640:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020
01-maj-2020
Trdna alternativna goriva - Specifikacije in razredi (ISO/DIS 21640:2020)
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes (ISO/DIS 21640:2020)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und Klassen (ISO/DIS 21640:2020)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Spécifications et classes (ISO/DIS 21640:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21640
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020

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oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 21640
ISO/TC 300 Secretariat: SFS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-03-18 2020-06-10
Solid recovered fuels — Specifications and classes
ICS: 75.160.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 21640:2020(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020

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oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 2
5 Principles . 2
6 Classification . 2
7 Specifications . 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Origin . 3
7.3 Traded forms of solid recovered fuels . 6
7.4 Properties obligatory to specify . 7
7.5 Properties non-obligatory to specify . 7
8 Compliance rules . 8
8.1 Compliance rules for classification . 8
8.1.1 General compliance rules . 8
8.1.2 Start-up or considerable changes in the production . 9
8.1.3 Exemptions .10
8.2 Compliance rules for specification .10
8.2.1 General compliance rules .10
8.2.2 Exemptions .10
9 Requirements and declaration of conformity .10
Annex A (normative) Template for the specification of solid recovered fuels .12
Annex B (informative) Fuel preparation .13
Annex C (informative) Template for declaration of conformity .15
Annex D (informative) Calculation of standard deviation, median and 80 percentile .16
Annex E (informative) Examples of establishing of compliance with SRF classification .18
Annex F (informative) Examples of establishing of compliance with SRF specification .21
Bibliography .23
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 300 Solid recovered fuels.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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Introduction
The objective of this document is to provide a common classification and specification system for solid
recovered fuels (SRF) to enable efficient trading of SRF, to promote their safe use in energy conversion
activities and to increase the public trust. The document will facilitate a good understanding between
seller and buyer, facilitate purchase, trans border movements, use and supervision as well as an
effective communication with equipment manufacturers. The classification and specification system
support authority permission procedures and ease the reporting on environmental issues.
SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste. The input waste can be production specific waste,
municipal solid waste, industrial waste, commercial waste, construction and demolition waste, sewage
sludge etc. It is thus obvious that SRF are a heterogeneous group of fuels. A well-defined system for
classification and specification is therefore of significant importance to reach the above-mentioned
objectives and intentions.
This document covers all types of SRF and will thus have a wide field of application. The aim of producing
a solid recovered fuel is to use it for energy purposes at the highest possible energy efficiency.
This document describes the compliance rules which SRF shall meet to be classified according to this
classification system. Classification enables statistical information of SRF properties in the market, thus
increasing transparency in the use of non-hazardous waste in SRF and demonstrating development of
this business field.
This document also describes how the supplier can establish specifications and a declaration of
conformity to the different ISO standards for SRF.
It is important to emphasise that despite this standardisation of SRF, the standard should not be
interpreted as end-of-waste criteria. Such criteria might be set at national or regional levels, but then in
legislation and not in this standard. Also, it should be noted that the waste used for the SRF production
should be such waste streams that are not suitable for re-use, preparation for re-use or efficient
material recycling.
Figure 1 illustrates a simplified flow chain for SRF, from input of non-hazardous waste to end use of SRF.
This document has an interface to all the stages in the chain, but SRF classification and specification
are applicable at the point of delivery as shown in the figure. Requirements for how the input waste is
collected and how to use the fuel are not part of this document.
Figure 1 — Solid recovered fuels chain – This document on specifications and classes is
applicable after production up to the point of delivery
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NOTE This document is applicable to trading and storage of SRF. However, if during storage or trade the
SRF is mixed with other SRF or other fuels, then the classification and specifications are no longer valid. If sold
further, then the mixing would constitute a SRF production and thus a new classification and specification needs
to be done.
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oSIST prEN ISO 21640:2020
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 21640:2020(E)
Solid recovered fuels — Specifications and classes
1 Scope
This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF), and a template
containing a list of characteristics for the specification of their properties, enabling trade and use of
SRF supporting the protection of the environment.
SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste.
NOTE 1 Untreated municipal solid waste as such cannot be considered SRF. Untreated municipal solid waste
can however be feedstock to plants producing SRF.
NOTE 2 Chemically treated solid biofuels that do not contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals
at levels higher than those in typical virgin material, can be defined as solid biofuels and thus be part of the
[1]
standards series ISO 17225 .
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/DIS 21637:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
ISO/DIS 21660-3:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry
method — Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
ISO/DIS 21656:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of ash content
ISO/DIS 21654:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of calorific value
ISO/DIS 21645:2019, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/DIS 21637:2019 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
classification of solid recovered fuels
categorizing of solid recovered fuels into classes focusing on the key properties – NCV, Cl and Hg that
are defined by boundary values.
3.2
specification of solid recovered fuels
list of properties that characterizes solid recovered fuels.
Note 1 to entry: A templates for such specifications are given in Annex A (normative) in this standard.
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4 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviations used in this document comply with the SI system of units as far as
possible.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbol Item
(d) dry (dry basis)
d particle diameter where x denominates the share of particles passing through a sieve of that size
x
(ar) as received
w-% weight-percentage
A Designation for ash content on dry basis A [w-%]
(d)
BC Designation for biomass content. Can be stated by mass, energy or share of total carbon
3
BD Designation for bulk density as received [kg/m ]
M Designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, M [w-%]
ar
P Designation for the particle size of the main fraction (>95% by weight) related to size intervals.
NCV Designation for net calorific value as received, q [MJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t] at constant
p, net, ar
pressure
VM Designation for volatile matter on dry basis [w-%]
3
NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t are 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm
3
equals 1 kg/dm . 1 mg/kg equals 0,000 1 % or 1 ppm.
5 Principles
The classification system is based on three important characteristics, referred to the main SRF
characteristics: an economic characteristic (net calorific value), a technical characteristic (chlorine
content) and an environmental characteristic (mercury content). The characteristics are chosen to give
a stakeholder an immediate but simplified picture of the fuel in question.
The classes also impose limitations on what can be called SRF restricting it with a minimum net calorific
value as well as maximum values of chlorine and mercury. Fuel outside the ranges of the classes shall
not be defined as SRF.
Only fuels derived from non-hazardous waste that meet the SRF ISO Standards can be classified as SRF.
The classification itself is not enough for an intending user or other stakeholders. The level of detailed
information needed depend on several different factors. Such factors might be; the end use of the SRF,
legislative demands, character of the input material, and the technology used either in production or
end use of the SRF. Relevant fuel properties are thus to be given in the specification of the SRF. Some of
the fuel properties are deemed so important that they are obligatory to specify whereas others can be
recorded voluntarily, e.g. upon request of the user.
It is important that SRF meet specified quality requirements which are to be determined based on a
defined lot size by a minimum number of measurements.
6 Classification
The classification system (Table 2) for SRF is based on limit values for three important fuel
characteristics. These are the net calorific value (NCV); chlorine content (Cl); mercury content (Hg).
Due to the statistical distribution pattern of the characteristics the values shall be presented as:
— NCV (ar) mean (arithmetic);
— Cl (d) mean (arithmetic);
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— Hg (ar) median and 80th percentile
The average, median, and percentiles are determined on the quantity of SRF as specified in Clause 8.
NOTE 1 80th percentile is the value on or below which 80% of the observations fall.
[2]
Not all kinds of SRF are suited for all types of energy recovery installation, see CEN/TR 15508 .
Each of the classification characteristic is divided into 5 classes. The SRF should be assigned a class
number from 1 to 5 for each characteristic. A combination of the class numbers makes up a class code
(see example below). The characteristics should be considered as equal important and thus no single
class number determines the code. The class code shall be included in the specification as described in
Clause 9.
For mercury, the higher of the two statistical values (median and 80th percentile) in a Hg data set
determines the class.
EXAMPLE An SRF with a median value of 0,03 and 80th percentile value of 0,07 belongs to Hg class 3
(according to Table 2).
NOTE 1 The performances of the plant where SRF is used are depending on the properties of the SRF and
more significantly on the design and operating conditions of such a plant.
NOTE 2 The limit values used for different classes must not be mixed up with limit values set by the competent
authority in an environmental permit or other equally binding documents.
NOTE 3 The specific transfer factor for mercury of a given process and the proportion of SRF will determine
[2]
which classes can be used. Examples of transfer factors for existing processes are given in CEN/TR 15508 .
Table 2 — Classification for solid recovered fuels
Classes
Classification charac-
Statistical measure Unit
teristic
1 2 3 4 5
Net calorific value (NCV) Mean MJ/kg (ar) ≥ 25 ≥ 20 ≥ 15 ≥ 10 ≥ 3
Chlorine (Cl) Mean w-% (d) ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,6 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 1,5 ≤ 3
Median mg/MJ (ar) ≤ 0,02 ≤ ≤ 0,03 ≤ ≤ 0,05 ≤ ≤ 0,10 ≤ ≤ 0,15 ≤
Mercury (Hg)
th
80 percentile mg/MJ (ar) 0,04 0,06 0,10 0,20 0,30
7 Specifications
7.1 General
The SRF shall be specified according to the template in Annex A. Annex A consists of properties that
are obligatory to specify. If the producer and the end user have agreed upon additional properties to be
specified, those should be documented in a similar way.
For specification of the properties in Annex A, determination shall be made according to ISO test
methods (Technical specifications or regional/national standards can be used if no ISO test method is
available). For additional properties, ISO test methods are recommended but other relevant methods
may be used. If other methods are used, it shall be stated in the (fuel) specification.
7.2 Origin
The specification of origin is based on the origin and source of waste input material as described in
Table 1. The material accepted for SRF production are those that are not suitable for material recycling.
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This might as an example include reject streams from packaging recycling/sorting. The main origin-
based solid recovered groups are:
1. Non- hazardous industrial waste
There are several waste streams generated within industry and commerce that could be used to
produce SRF. Different industrial sectors typically generate different kind of wastes, like manure
from agriculture or fibre reject streams from pulp and paper industry. For this reason, there are
several subcategories set up (Table 3). However packaging waste are generated in a lot of different
industries and commerce operations. In this case they are often quite similar and are thus not
specified for individual industries. In this post is also included the packaging materials from
construction projects.
2. Non-hazardous construction and demolition waste
Construction waste and demolition waste differ from each other already because constructing
means building something new while waste from demolition normally comes from old structures.
In renovation projects, both construction and demolition typically take place simultaneously, and
thus generates both types of waste. The waste from the construction and demolition industry
used for SRF production are mainly different wood and plastic fractions although also bituminous
mixtures considered as non-hazardous waste might be used. The possibility to source separates
the materials at construction and demolition sites might be limited thus often resulting in a mixed
waste fraction.
3. Non-hazardous waste from waste management facilities
Waste received at waste management facilities are treated in diverse ways. It might be water
treatment, composting, anaerobic treatment, sorting, crushing and densifying. When doing these
treatments, the plants will end up with different waste streams aimed for recycling, recovery or
disposal. Some of these can be used for the production of SRF.
4. Non-hazardous waste from material recycling facilities
During the recycling process, there will be material that does not fulfil the quality criteria. These
reject streams might be potentially used for the production of SRF.
5. Non-hazardous municipal solid waste and similar non-hazardous commercial waste
Although an untreated mixed municipal waste stream could not be called SRF, it still can be used
for the production of SRF. In this section, there is also bulky waste and waste from gardens and
parks as well as waste from markets. Source separated material streams (e.g. paper, plastics etc.)
are not intended as direct raw material for SRF production but are rather intended for material
recycling. Reject from these kinds of materials can be found above under bullet 4 Non-hazardous
waste from material recycling facilities.
6. Non- hazardous waste not otherwise specified in the list.
If the waste origin is not covered in the above categories, it should be declared here. The origin of
the waste should be described as clearly as possible.
It is not unusual that waste fractions that are intended for production of SRF (or for combustion) are
mixed during the logistic chain, thus there could be waste from different origins in the same transport.
However, the principle is to give as much detail about the origin as possible. Thus, if waste have been
collected from different industries (and not being packaging waste) then the separate codes of origins
should be stated.
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Table 3 — Sources of input material for the production of SRF
1.1.1 plastic waste (except packaging)
1.1 wastes from agriculture,
1.1.2 absorbed urine and manure (including spoiled straw), collected
horticulture, aquaculture, for-
separately and treated off-site
estry, hunting and fishing
1.1.3 other non- hazardous waste
1.2.1 mechanically separated rejects from pulping of wastepaper and
cardboard
1.2 wastes from pulp, paper
and cardboard production and 1.2.2 fibre rejects, fibre-, filler- and coating-sludges from mechanical
processing separation
1.2.3 other non- hazardous waste
1.3 waste from wood process- 1.3.1 non-hazardous wood waste from chemically treated wood
ing, production of panels and
1.3.2 other waste
furniture
1.4.1 waste from composite materials (impregnated textile, elastomer,
plastomer)
1.4 wastes from the textile
1.4.2 waste from unprocessed textile fibres
1. Non- hazardous industri-
industry
1.4.3 waste from processed textile fibres
al waste
1.4.4 other non- hazardous waste
1.5.1 plastic waste
1.5 wastes from organic chemi-
1.5.2 solid wastes other than solid wastes containing hazardous substances
cal processes
1.5.3 other non- hazardous waste
1.6 wastes from shaping and
physical and mechanical sur-
face treatment of plastics
1.7.1 paper and cardboard packaging
1.7.2 plastic packaging
1.7.3 wooden packaging
1.7 packaging waste
1.7.4 composite packaging
1.7.5 mixed packaging
1.7.6 textile packaging
2.1.1 wood
2.1 wood and plastic
2.1.2 plastic
2. Non- hazardous construc- 2.2 bituminous mixtures, coal
2.2.1 bituminous mixtures that are not considered as hazardous waste
tion and demolition waste tar and tarred products
2.3.1 insulation materials (polyurethane and polystyrene)
2.3 other construction and
demolition wastes
2.3.2 mixed construction and demolition waste
3.1.1 non-composted fraction of municipal and similar wastes
3.1 wastes from aerobic treat-
ment of solid wastes
3.1.2 non-composted fraction of animal and vegetable waste
3.2 wastes from anaerobic
3.2.1 non-digestible fraction of municipal, industrial and other waste
treatment of solid waste
3.3.1 sludge from treatment of urban wastewater
3.3.2 other solid waste from treatment of urban wastewater
3.3 sludge from wastewater
treatment plants
3.3.3 sludge from treatment of industrial wastewater
3.3.4 other solid waste from treatment of industrial wastewater
3. Non-hazardous waste
from waste management 3.4.1 paper and cardboard
facilities
3.4.2 plastic and rubber
3.4 wastes from the mechanical
treatment of waste (for example 3.4.3 wood
sorting, crushing, compacting,
3.4.4 textiles
pelletising)
3.4.5 other non-hazardous wastes (including mixtures of materials) from
mechanical treatment of wastes
3.5 End-of-life vehicles from 3.5.1 end of life tyres
different means of transport
3.5.2 plastic waste
(including off-road machinery)
and wastes from dismantling of 3.5.3 other non-hazardous waste from end-of-life vehicles
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Table 3 (continued)
4.1.1 paper and cardboard
4.1.2 clothes
4 Non-hazardous waste 4.1 Reject fractions from
4.1.3 textiles
from material recycling material recycling facilities, not
4.1.4 wood
facilities otherwise mentioned
4.1.5 plastics
4.1.6 other non-hazardous waste from material recycling facilities
5.1 Residual municipal solid
waste
5.2.1 Wood waste
5. Non-hazardous munici-
pal solid waste or similar
5.2 Bulky waste 5.2.2 Plastic waste (non-packaging material)
non-hazardous commer-
5.2.3 Mixed combustible bulky waste
cial waste
5.3.1 waste from markets
5.3 Other municipal solid waste
or similar commercial waste
5.3.2 park and garden waste
6 Non-hazardous waste
not otherwise specified in Any non-hazardous waste that is not defined
...