SIST EN 15359:2012
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
This European Standard specifies a classification system for SRFs and a template for the specification of their properties. SRFs are produced from non-hazardous waste.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und Klassen
Dieses Dokument legt ein Klassifizierungssystem für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe (SRF) und ein Formular für die Spezifikationen ihrer Eigenschaften fest.
SRF werden aus nicht gefährlichen Abfällen hergestellt.
ANMERKUNG 1 Abfall, auf den in der Richtlinie über die Verbrennung von Abfällen (2000/76/EG), Artikel 2, (2) (a), Punkte (i) bis (v), Bezug genommen wird, ist aus dem Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments ausgeschlossen. Dieser gehört zum Anwendungsgebiet von CEN/TC 335 „Feste Biobrennstoffe“. Gebrauchtholz aus dem Abriss von Gebäuden oder sonstigen Bauwerken sind jedoch im Anwendungsbereich enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 2 Unbehandelter Siedlungsabfall fällt nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments.
Combustibles solides de récupération - Spécification et classes
Le présent document spécifie un système de classification des combustibles solides de récupération (CSR)
ainsi qu’un modèle de spécification de leurs propriétés.
Les CSR sont produits à partir de déchets non dangereux.
NOTE 1 Les déchets visés à l’article 2(2)(a), points (i)-(v) de la Directive sur l’incinération des déchets (2000/76/CE)
n’entrent pas dans le domaine d’application du présent document. Ils sont traités par le CEN/TC 335 «Biocombustibles
solides». Les déchets de bois issus de la démolition de bâtiments et d’installations du génie civil entrent cependant dans
le domaine d’application.
NOTE 2 Les déchets solides municipaux non traités sont exclus du domaine d’application du présent document.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Specifikacije in razredi
Ta dokument določa sistem klasifikacije trdnih alternativnih goriv (TAG) in predlogo za specifikacijo njihovih lastnosti. Trdna alternativna goriva se proizvajajo iz nenevarnih odpadkov.
OPOMBA 1: Odpadki iz točk (i) do (v) člena 2(2)(a) Direktive o sežiganju odpadkov (2000/76/ES) niso vključeni v področje uporabe tega dokumenta. Zajeti so v standardu CEN/TC 335 "Trdna biogoriva". Odpadni les iz porušenih stavb ter gradbenih inženirskih objektov pa je vključen v področje uporabe.
OPOMBA 2: Neobdelani komunalni trdni odpadki niso vključeni v področje uporabe tega dokumenta.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trdna alternativna goriva - Specifikacije in razrediFeste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und KlassenCombustibles solides de récupération - Spécification et classesSolid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15359:2011SIST EN 15359:2012en,fr,de01-februar-2012SIST EN 15359:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15359:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15359:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15359
November 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15359:2006English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
Combustibles solides de récupération - Spécification et classes
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und KlassenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 October 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15359:2011: ESIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms and definitions .64 Symbols and abbreviations .85 Principles .86 Requirements and declaration of conformity .97 Classification .98 Compliance rules . 108.1 Compliance rules for classification . 108.2 Compliance rules for specification . 129 Specifications . 129.1 General . 129.2 Properties obligatory to specify . 139.3 Properties non-obligatory to specify . 13Annex A (normative)
Template for the specification of solid recovered fuels . 15Annex B (informative)
Fuel preparation . 18Annex C (informative)
Template for declaration of conformity . 19Annex D (informative)
Examples of establishing of compliance with SRF classification . 20D.1 Calculation of the median and 80 percentile . 20D.2 Compliance with SRF classification . 20Bibliography . 24 SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15359:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15359:2006. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document differs from CEN/TS 15359:2006 mainly as follows: a) it has been clarified that SRF still is a waste destined to be incinerated in combustion and co-combustion plants covered by the Directive 2000/76/EC on waste incineration (WID); b) in the scope NOTE 1 concerning solid biofuels has been modified; c) the references to community legislation have been updated; d) the terminology has been brought into line with EN 15357; e) the classification system in Clause 7 has been furnished with clarifying examples and notes – so also the compliance rules in Clause 8; f) the period of which a laboratory sample shall be kept has been expressed more precisely; g) a way to calculate the emission factor has been added in 9.3 (Properties non-obligatory to specify); h) a new Annex D (informative) has been added in which is demonstrated how to calculate the statistical means for different production volumes; i) the whole document has been editorially revised. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The objective of this document is to provide unambiguous and clear classification and specification principles for solid recovered fuels (SRF). The document aims at serving as a tool to enable efficient trading of SRF, promoting their acceptability on the fuel market and increasing the public trust. The document will facilitate a good understanding between seller and buyer, facilitate purchase, transborder movements, use and supervision as well as a good communication with equipment manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and ease the reporting on the use of fuels from renewable energy sources and on other environmental issues. SRF are produced from non hazardous waste. The input waste can be production specific waste, municipal solid waste, industrial waste, commercial waste, construction and demolition waste, sewage sludge etc. It is thus obvious that SRF are a heterogeneous group of fuels. A well defined system for classification and specification is therefore of great importance to reach the above mentioned objectives and intentions. This document covers all types of SRF and will thus have a wide field of application. The purpose of producing a solid recovered fuel is to use it for energy generation at the highest possible energy efficiency. SRF can according to Article 6 of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) cease to be waste at Community or national level if certain criteria are fulfilled. Until such legal decisions are taken SFR can be used in plants covered by the Directive 2000/76/EC. This document describes the compliance rules which SRF has to meet to be classified according to the classification system. It also describes how the supplier can establish a declaration of conformity to the different EN standards for SRF. Figure 1 illustrates a simplified flow chain for SRF, from input of waste to end use of SRF. This document has an interface to all the stages in the chain, but SRF classification and specification are applicable at the point of delivery as shown in the figure. Requirements for how the input waste is collected and how to use the fuel are not part of this document. SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 5
Figure 1 — Solid recovered fuels chain — The EN Standard on specifications and classes is applicable at the point of delivery 1 Scope This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF) and a template for the specification of their properties. SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste. NOTE 1 Waste referred to in article 2(2)(a), points (i)-(v) of the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) is not included in the scope of this document. This is covered by CEN/TC 335 "Solid biofuels". Waste wood from demolition of buildings and civil engineering installations is, however, included in the scope. NOTE 2 Untreated municipal solid waste is not included in the scope of this document. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15400, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of calorific value EN 15403, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of ash content EN 15408, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F) and bromine (Br) content EN 15411, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn) SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 6 CEN/TS 15414-1:2010, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method CEN/TS 15414-2:2010, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified method EN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample EN 15415-1, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size distribution — Part 1: Screen method for small dimension particles
EN 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 and the following apply. NOTE The terms and definitions 3.1 to 3.16 are identical with the ones given in EN 15357. 3.1 classification grouping of solid recovered fuels into classes NOTE The classes are defined by boundary values for chosen fuel characteristics to be used for trading as well as for information of permitting authorities and other interested parties. 3.2 combined sample sample consisting of all the increments taken from a lot NOTE The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample. 3.3 component part of portion of a solid recovered fuel that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means 3.4 composition break down of a solid recovered fuel by types of components e.g. wood, paper, board, textiles, plastics, rubber 3.5 delivery agreement contract for fuel trade, which specifies e.g. origin and source, quality and quantity of the fuel, as well as delivery terms 3.6 increment portion of fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device [ISO 13909:2001] SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 7 3.7 laboratory sample part of the sample sent to or received by the laboratory NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. NOTE 3 Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. 3.8 lot defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined NOTE 1 See also sub-lot. [ISO 13909:2001] 3.9 net calorific value calculated value of the energy of combustion for unit of mass of a fuel burned in oxygen in calorimetric bomb under such conditions that all water of the reaction products remains as water vapour at 0,1 MPa NOTE 1 The net caloric value can be determined at constant pressure or at constant volume. The net calorific value at constant pressure is however the generally used. NOTE 2 See also calorific value and gross calorific value. 3.10 point of delivery location specified in the delivery agreement, at which the proprietary rights of and responsibility for a fuel are transferred from one organization or unit to an other 3.11 producer organization or unit responsible for the production of the fuel NOTE The producer can also be the supplier of the fuel. 3.12 solid recovered fuel solid fuel prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilised for energy recovery in incineration or co-incineration plants and meeting the classification and specification requirements laid down in this European Standard NOTE “Prepared” here means processed, homogenised and up-graded to a quality that can be traded amongst producers and users. 3.13 specification document stating requirements [EN ISO 9000:2005] SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 8 3.14 specification of solid recovered fuels specification for the properties characterising a solid recovered fuel NOTE A template for such specification is given in Annex A. 3.15 sub-lot part of a lot for which a test result is required 3.16 sub-sample portion of a sample NOTE 1 A sub-sample is obtained by procedures in which the items of interest are randomly distributed in part of equal or unequal size. NOTE 2 A sub-sample may be either a portion of the sample obtained by selection or division of the sample itself, or the final sample of a multistage sample preparation. 3.17 supplier organization or unit that provides the fuel 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. Item
Symbol Abbreviation net calorific value qp,net NCV gross calorific value qV,gr GCV as received
ar dry basis
d particle diameter
d 5 Principles The classification system is based on three important characteristics, referred to the main SRF characteristics: an economic characteristic (net calorific value), a technical characteristic (chlorine content) and an environmental characteristic (mercury content). The characteristics are chosen to give a stakeholder an immediate but simplified picture of the fuel in question. Only fuels derived from non hazardous waste that meet the SRF European Standards can be classified as SRF. The classification itself is not enough for an intending user. A user has to have a more detailed description of the fuel. Relevant fuel properties are thus to be further specified. Some of the fuel properties are so important that they are obligatory to specify whereas others can be recorded voluntarily, e.g. upon request of the user. SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 9 It is important that SRF meet specified quality requirements which are to be determined based on a defined lot size by a minimum number of measurements. 6 Requirements and declaration of conformity In conformity with this document, SRF shall comply with the following requirements: a) SRF shall be classified according to the system in Clause 7; b) SRF shall meet quality requirements according to given compliance rules in Clause 8; c) SRF properties shall be specified according to Clause 9. The producer/supplier of solid recovered fuel shall give a declaration of conformity to this document. The record shall be kept available for inspection. A model template for the declaration is given in Annex C. NOTE General criteria for a supplier’s declaration is given in EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2010 and
EN ISO/IEC 17050-2:2004. 7 Classification The classification system (Table 1) for SRF is based on limit values for three important fuel characteristics. These are: a) the mean value for net calorific value (ar); b) the mean value for chlorine content (d); c) the median and 80th percentile values for mercury content (ar). Each characteristic is divided into 5 classes. The SRF shall be assigned a class number from 1 to 5 for each characteristic. A combination of the class numbers makes up the class code (see example below). The characteristics are of equal importance and thus no single class number determines the code. The class code shall be included in the specification as described in Clause 9. Due to the statistical distribution pattern of the characteristics the values shall be presented as: net calorific value (NCV) mean (arithmetic); chlorine content (Cl)
mean (arithmetic); mercury content (Hg)
median and 80th percentile. The higher of the two statistical values (median and 80th percentile) in a Hg data set determines the class. EXAMPLE A SRF with a median value of 0,03 and a 80th percentile value of 0,07 belongs to Hg class 3 (according to Table 1). For the determination of NCV EN 15400, for Cl EN 15408 and for Hg EN 15411 shall be used. NOTE 1 80th percentile is the value on or below which 80 % of the observations fall. NOTE 2 For details on statistics see CEN/TR 15508 [5]. NOTE 3 The averages and percentiles are determined on the quantity of SRF as specified in Clause 8. SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 10 NOTE 4 The classes have been determined as a tool for identifying and pre-selecting SRF. However, the performances of the plant where SRF is used are depending on the properties of the SRF and more significantly on the design and operating conditions of such a plant. NOTE 5 Not all kinds of SRF are suited for all types of installation (see CEN/TR 15508) [5]. For example, if 100 % SRF is used as fuel and an emission limit for Hg is defined at 0,05 mg/m3, for cement and lime kilns as well as for power plants, Class Hg 1 fuels would fit to all types of these. Class Hg 5 fuels could only be used in these processes if this class of fuel is less than 100 % of the fuel mix. For other classes the specific transfer factor of a given process and the proportion of SRF will determine which classes can be used without improvement of the transfer conditions. Examples of transfer factors for existing processes are given in CEN/TR 15508. NOTE 6 SRF should not be used as a fuel if there is less thermal energy produced from the combustion of the SRF and available for the process of the installation, than the energy used by the combustion of the SRF (thus not available for the process). This can, for example, prevent the use of class NCV 5 in installations requiring a higher minimum NCV for energy recovery. Table 1 — Classification system for solid recovered fuels Classification characteristic Statistical measure Unit Classes 1 2 3 4 5 Net calorific value (NCV) Mean MJ/kg (ar) ≥ 25 ≥ 20 ≥ 15 ≥ 10 ≥ 3 Classification characteristic Statistical measure Unit Classes 1 2 3 4 5 Chlorine (Cl) Mean % (d) ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,6 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 1,5 ≤ 3 Classification characteristic Statistical measure Unit Classes 1 2 3 4 5 Mercury (Hg) Median 80th percentile
mg/MJ (ar) mg/MJ (ar) ≤ 0,02 ≤ 0,04 ≤ 0,03 ≤ 0,06 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,16 ≤ 0,15 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,50 ≤ 1,00
Example of classification: The class code of a SRF having a mean net calorific value of 19 MJ/kg (ar), a mean chlorine content of 0,5 % (d) and a median mercury content of 0,016 mg/MJ (ar) with a 80th percentile value of 0,05 mg/MJ (ar) is designated as: Class code NCV 3; Cl 2; Hg 2. 8 Compliance rules 8.1 Compliance rules for classification The compliance rules for classification are illustrated by examples in Annex D. For a considered 12 months period, for each characteristic specified in the classification system, the compliance of a particular SRF shall be established by demonstration that the measured properties conform to the limit values defined for that class. This shall be performed at a period in which a quality management system (QMS) is applied. The maximum weight of a lot for classification shall be no more than 1 500 tonnes. When the 12 month production is less than 15 000 tonnes the lot size for classification shall be one tenth of the amount produced in a 12 months rolling period. SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 11 If there are significant changes in the properties of input materials or in the production process conditions, the production shall be considered to be interrupted. Significant here means such a change that would result in a change of class code. NOTE 1 If the classification cannot be based on a 12 month period of actual production, an estimation of the planned production of the missing month should be included in the rolling 12 month period. NOTE 2 A quality management system is meant as any systematic procedure used for complying with this European Standard. For each lot, at least one measurement of each characteristic shall be performed. An additional laboratory sample shall be taken in case of a cross check is needed. The laboratory sample shall be kept for a period of minimum 12 months. The sampling and sample procedure are illustrated in Figure 2. For sampling and sample reduction EN 15442 shall be applied. The comparison for NCV and Cl with the limit values of the classes is made by taking the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean of 10 measurements into account. For the calculation of the lower and the upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean the following equation shall be used: nsXX⋅±=96,1 where X is the lower/upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean; X is the arithmetic mean (based on all measurements); 96,1 is the functional characteristic of the normal distribution (for the 95 % confidence interval); s is the standard deviation (based on all measurements); n is the number of measurements (here n = 10). Decisive for the categorisation of the characteristic NCV is the calculated lower limit of the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean and for Cl the corresponding upper limit. The class code for Hg is established using median and 80th percentile based on data sets of 10 consecutive measurements.
If, at the end of the 12 month period, an incomplete data set exists (with less than 10 data), these data shall be used in the following 12 month period and be completed with the consecutive measurements of that period to a full data set of 10 measurements. In the case that for one characteristic to be classified several analyses of a 12 month period lead to different classification results, always the highest class has to be used for the determination of the class of the SRF (see Example 2 in D.2). After the start of the production of SRF or after a significant change, the minimum of 10 measurement results can be obtained on one or several lots as defined above. When several combined samples are taken on the same lot they shall be taken independently. For process control reasons it is recommended to calculate the median and the 80 percentile value after the measurement of every lot (e.g. for data sets No. 1 to No. 10 / No. 2 to No. 11 / etc.) and to consider the short time variation of the analytical results. Within the characterisation period it is recommended to use as a prediction method for virgin producers the 50 % - rule for Hg classification. This prediction method is working according to the principle of a conservative classification (indirect safety margin). SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 12 NOTE 3 If production time is less than 12 months it can be considered and treated as an initial phase of the production. NOTE 4 The 50 % rule means that classification is determined by comparing the measurement results to 50 % of the class limits (median and/or 80-percentile). For more details see CEN/TR 15508 [5]. 8.2 Compliance rules for specification The SRF specification to be agreed upon by the supplier and the user may define the lot size up to a maximum of 1 500 tonnes as well as by the compliance rules. In case these elements are not defined in the SRF specification, then the lot size and compliance rules specified for the classification apply.
Figure 2 — Illustration of sampling and sample procedure. Number and size of increments depend on the heterogenity of the SRF and on required accuracy and precision
(see EN 15442) 9 Specifications 9.1 General The SRF shall be specified according to the template in Annex A. The template is divided in two parts: Part 1 consists of properties that are obligatory to specify and Part 2 of properties that are voluntary to specify. The list of properties in Part 2 may be altered (new properties added and existing removed). For specification of the properties in Part 1 determination shall be made according to CEN test methods (Technical Specifications or European Standards). For the properties in Part 2 CEN test methods is recommended but other relevant methods may be used. If other methods are used it shall be stated in the (fuel) specification. SIST EN 15359:2012
EN 15359:2011 (E) 13 9.2 Properties obligatory to specify The following properties shall be specified according to the specification template in Annex A, Part 1: Class code shall be filled in as described in Clause 7. Actual values on the fuel properties included in the classification system shall be filled in as well. These are net calorific value, chlorine and mercury content Origin of the input waste used for preparation of the SRF shall be specified. It can be done either by text or by the four or six digit codes according to the European Waste List (EWC) [4] Particle form of the SRF shall be specified. Examples of forms are pellets, bales, briquettes, chips, flakes, fluff and powder. Other forms may be used and shall then be specified separately Particle size in the fuel shall be specified by sieving or equivalent techniques, and be expressed as dx, where d is the particle size on the distribution curve where x % passes according to EN 15415-1 Ash content
shall be specified on dry bases according to EN 15403 Moisture content
shall be specified as received according to CEN/TS 15414-1, CEN/TS 15414-2 and EN 15414-3 Net calorific value
shall be specified both as received and on dry bases according to EN 15400 Chemical properties — the chlorine content shall be specified based on dry basis according to EN 15408 — the content of each heavy metal separately as well as the sum thereof as mentioned in Waste Incineration Directive [2] shall be specified on dry basis according to EN 15411. The heavy metals are antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thallium and vanadium. Cadmium, mercury and thallium are not included in the sum 9.3 Properties non-obligatory to specify The properties in Annex A, Part 2 are voluntary to specify. These properties are: Biomass content of the SRF should be specified and shall then be measured according to EN 15440. The fraction of biomass can be expressed by weight, by energy content or by carbon content. The biomass content in percent by carbon content is necessary in order to calculate the emission of biomass or fossil carbon dioxide per unit SRF. NOTE 1 More information on biomass content is available in CEN/TR 14980 [6]. NOTE 2 More information on the emission factor and how to calculate it is available in Commission Decision 2007/589/EC establishing guideline
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 15359
STANDARD
februar 2012
Trdna alternativna goriva – Specifikacije in razredi
Solid recovered fuels – Specifications and classes
Combustibles solides de récupération – Spécification et classes
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe – Spezifikationen und Klassen
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 75.160.10 SIST EN 15359:2012 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in od 1 do 24
© 2014-01 Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 15359 (sl), Trdna alternativna goriva – Specifikacije in razredi, 2012, ima status
slovenskega standarda in je istoveten evropskemu standardu EN 15359 (en), Solid recovered fuels –
Specifications and classes, 2011.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Besedilo standarda EN 15359:2011 je pripravil tehnični odbor CEN/TC 343 Trdna alternativna goriva,
katerega sekretariat vodi SFS. Slovenski standard SIST EN 15359:2012 je prevod angleškega
besedila evropskega standarda EN 15359:2011. V primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda
v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski standard v angleškem jeziku.
Odločitev za izdajo tega dokumenta je dne 23. decembra 2011 sprejel SIST/TC AGO Alternativna
goriva iz odpadkov.
ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen standardov, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 15357:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Terminologija, definicije in opisi
SIST EN 15400:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje kalorične vrednosti
SIST EN 15403:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vsebnosti pepela
SIST EN 15408:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za določevanje žvepla (S),
klora (Cl), fluora (F) in broma (Br)
SIST EN 15411:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za določevanje elementov v
sledovih (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb,
Se, Tl, V in Zn)
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15414-1:2010 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo
sušenja v sušilni komori – 1. del: Določevanje skupne vlage z
referenčno metodo
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo
sušenja v sušilni komori – 2. del: Določevanje skupne vlage s
poenostavljeno metodo
SIST EN 15414-3:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo
sušenja v sušilni komori – 3. del: Vlaga v preskusnem vzorcu
SIST EN 15415-1:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti
delcev – 1. del: Sejalna analiza za majhne delce
SIST EN 15442:2011 (en) Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za vzorčenje
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– Privzem standarda EN 15359:2012.
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST-TS CEN/TS 15359:2007.
II
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN 15359:2012
to pomeni “slovenski standard”.
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN 15359:2011 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CEN
Avenue Marnix 17
1050 Bruselj
Belgija
This national document is identical with EN 15359:2011 and is published with the permission of
CEN
Avenue Marnix 17
1050 Bruxelles
Belgium
III
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
(Prazna stran)
IV
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EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 15359
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM november 2011
ICS 75.160.10 Nadomešča CEN/TS 15359:2006
Slovenska izdaja
Trdna alternativna goriva – Specifikacije in razredi
Solid recovered fuels – Combustibles solides de récupération – Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe –
Specifications and classes Spécification et classes Spezifikationen und Klassen
Ta evropski standard je CEN sprejel dne 19. oktobra 2011.
Člani CEN morajo izpolnjevati določila notranjih predpisov CEN/CENELEC, s katerimi je predpisano,
da mora biti ta evropski standard brez kakršnih koli sprememb sprejet kot nacionalni standard.
Seznami najnovejših izdaj teh nacionalnih standardov in njihovi bibliografski podatki so na voljo pri
Upravnem centru CEN/CENELEC ali članih CEN.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN/CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Člani CEN so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije,
Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Upravni center: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruselj
© 2011 Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CEN Ref. oznaka EN 15359:2011 E
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
Vsebina Stran
Predgovor .3
Uvod .4
1 Področje uporabe .5
2 Zveze s standardi .5
3 Izrazi in definicije .5
4 Simboli in kratice .7
5 Načela.8
6 Zahteve in izjava o skladnosti .8
7 Klasifikacija.8
8 Pravila skladnosti.10
8.1 Pravila skladnosti za klasifikacijo .10
8.2 Pravila skladnosti za specifikacijo .11
9 Specifikacije.11
9.1 Splošno .11
9.2 Lastnosti, ki jih je treba specificirati .12
9.3 Lastnosti, ki jih ni treba specificirati.12
Dodatek A (normativni): Predloga za specifikacijo trdnih alternativnih goriv .14
Dodatek B (informativni): Priprava goriva.17
Dodatek C (informativni): Predloga za izjavo o skladnosti.18
Dodatek D (informativni): Primeri vzpostavljanja skladnosti s klasifikacijo trdnih alternativnih goriv.19
D.1 Izračun mediane in 80. percentila.19
D.2 Skladnost s klasifikacijo trdnih alternativnih goriv .19
Literatura.23
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
Predgovor
Ta dokument (EN 15359:2011) je pripravil tehnični odbor CEN/TC 343 "Trdna alternativna goriva",
katerega sekretariat vodi SFS.
Ta evropski standard mora dobiti status nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
ali z razglasitvijo najpozneje do maja 2012, nasprotujoče nacionalne standarde pa je treba umakniti
najpozneje maja 2012.
Ta dokument nadomešča CEN/TS 15359:2006.
Ta dokument je bil pripravljen v okviru mandata, ki sta ga CEN dala Evropska komisija in Evropsko
združenje za prosto trgovino (EFTA).
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da so lahko nekateri elementi tega dokumenta predmet patentnih
pravic. CEN [in/ali CENELEC] ne prevzema odgovornosti za identifikacijo posameznih ali vseh
patentnih pravic.
Ta dokument se od CEN/TS 15359:2006 razlikuje v glavnem v naslednjih točkah:
a) pojasnjeno je bilo, da so trdna alternativna goriva (TAG) še vedno odpadki, namenjeni za sežig v
kurilnih napravah in napravah za sosežig, ki jih zajema Direktiva 2000/76/ES o sežiganju
odpadkov (WID);
b) v točki Področje uporabe je bila spremenjena OPOMBA 1 glede trdnih biogoriv;
c) sklicevanje na zakonodajo Skupnosti je bilo posodobljeno;
d) terminologija je bila usklajena s terminologijo iz standarda EN 15357;
e) v sistem klasifikacije v točki 7 so bili dodani pojasnjevalni primeri in opombe – prav tako pa tudi
pravila skladnosti v točki 8;
f) obdobje, v katerem je treba shranjevati laboratorijski vzorec, je bilo natančneje izraženo;
g) v točki 9.3 (Lastnosti, ki jih ni treba specificirati) je bil dodan način za izračun faktorja emisije;
h) dodan je bil nov Dodatek D (informativni), v katerem je prikazano, kako izračunati statistične
srednje vrednosti za različne obsege proizvodnje;
i) celoten dokument je bil uredniško pregledan.
V skladu z notranjimi predpisi CEN/CENELEC morajo ta evropski standard obvezno uvesti nacionalne
organizacije za standardizacijo naslednjih držav: Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga,
Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške,
Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
3
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
Uvod
Namen tega dokumenta je zagotoviti nedvoumna in jasna načela za klasifikacijo in specifikacijo trdnih
alternativnih goriv (TAG). Dokument naj bi se uporabljal kot orodje za omogočanje učinkovitega
trgovanja s trdnimi alternativnimi gorivi, spodbujanje njihove sprejemljivosti na trgu goriv ter krepitev
zaupanja javnosti. Dokument bo olajšal razumevanje med prodajalcem in kupcem in poenostavil
nakup, čezmejna gibanja, uporabo in nadzor ter dobro komunikacijo s proizvajalci opreme. Olajšal bo
tudi postopke za pridobivanje dovoljenj pristojnih organov ter poročanje o uporabi goriv iz obnovljivih
virov energije in drugih okoljskih vprašanjih.
Trdna alternativna goriva se proizvajajo iz nenevarnih odpadkov. Vhodni odpadki so lahko posebni
odpadki iz proizvodnje, komunalni trdni odpadki, industrijski odpadki, gospodarski odpadki, gradbeni
odpadki in odpadki pri rušenju objektov, blato iz čistilnih naprav itd. Iz tega je razvidno, da so trdna
alternativna goriva raznolika skupina goriv. Dobro opredeljen sistem za klasifikacijo in specifikacijo je
zato zelo pomemben za doseganje zgoraj navedenih ciljev in namenov.
Ta dokument zajema vse vrste trdnih alternativnih goriv in bo tako imel široko področje uporabe.
Namen proizvodnje trdnih alternativnih goriv je njihova uporaba za pridobivanje energije z najvišjo
možno energijsko učinkovitostjo. V skladu s 6. členom Okvirne direktive o odpadkih (2008/98/ES)
lahko trdna alternativna goriva prenehajo biti odpadki na ravni Skupnosti ali nacionalni ravni, če so
izpolnjeni določeni kriteriji. Dokler se ne sprejmejo takšne pravne odločitve, se lahko trdna alternativna
goriva uporabljajo v napravah iz Direktive 2000/76/ES.
Ta dokument opisuje pravila skladnosti, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati trdna alternativna goriva, da se lahko
klasificirajo v skladu s sistemom klasifikacije. Opisuje tudi, kako lahko dobavitelj sestavi izjavo o
skladnosti z različnimi standardi EN za trdna alternativna goriva.
Slika 1 prikazuje poenostavljeno verigo poteka za trdna alternativna goriva, od vhoda odpadkov do
končne uporabe trdnih alternativnih goriv. Ta dokument je povezan z vsemi fazami v verigi, vendar se
klasifikacija in specifikacija trdnih alternativnih goriv uporabljata v točki dostave, kot je prikazano na
sliki. Zahteve v zvezi z načini zbiranja vhodnih odpadkov in uporabo goriva niso del tega dokumenta.
Slika 1: Veriga trdnih alternativnih goriv – Standard EN o specifikacijah in razredih se uporablja
na točki dostave
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
1 Področje uporabe
Ta dokument določa sistem klasifikacije trdnih alternativnih goriv (TAG) in predlogo za specifikacijo
njihovih lastnosti.
Trdna alternativna goriva se proizvajajo iz nenevarnih odpadkov.
OPOMBA 1: Odpadki iz točk (i) do (v) člena 2(2)(a) Direktive o sežiganju odpadkov (2000/76/ES) niso vključeni v področje
uporabe tega dokumenta. Zajeti so v standardu CEN/TC 335 "Trdna biogoriva". Odpadni les iz porušenih stavb
ter gradbenih inženirskih objektov pa je vključen v področje uporabe.
OPOMBA 2: Neobdelani komunalni trdni odpadki niso vključeni v področje uporabe tega dokumenta.
2 Zveze s standardi
Za uporabo tega dokumenta so nujni naslednji referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se
uporablja samo navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja referenčnega
dokumenta (vključno z morebitnimi dopolnili).
EN 15357:2011 Trdna alternativna goriva – Terminologija, definicije in opisi
EN 15400 Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje kalorične vrednosti
EN 15403 Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vsebnosti pepela
EN 15408 Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za določevanje žvepla (S), klora (Cl),
fluora (F) in broma (Br)
EN 15411 Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za določevanje elementov v sledovih (As,
Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V in Zn)
CEN/TS 15414-1:2010 Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo sušenja v sušilni
komori – 1. del: Določevanje skupne vlage z referenčno metodo
CEN/TS 15414-2:2010 Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo sušenja v sušilni
komori – 2. del: Določevanje skupne vlage s poenostavljeno metodo
EN 15414-3 Trdna alternativna goriva – Določevanje vlage z metodo sušenja v sušilni
komori – 3. del: Vlaga v preskusnem vzorcu
EN 15415-1 Trdna alternativna goriva – Ugotavljanje porazdelitve velikosti delcev – 1. del:
Sejalna analiza za majhne delce
EN 15442 Trdna alternativna goriva – Metode za vzorčenje
3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo izrazi in definicije, navedeni v standardu EN 15357:2011, ter
naslednji izrazi in definicije.
OPOMBA: Izrazi in definicije od 3.1 do 3.16 so enaki kot izrazi in definicije v standardu EN 15357.
3.1
klasifikacija
razvrščanje trdnih alternativnih goriv v razrede
OPOMBA: Razredi so opredeljeni z mejnimi vrednostmi za izbrano karakteristiko goriva, ki se bo uporabila za trgovanje, ter
za informacijo organom, ki izdajajo dovoljenje, in drugim zainteresiranim stranem.
3.2
sestavljen vzorec
vzorec iz vseh enot vzorca, vzetih iz serije
OPOMBA: Vzorci se lahko zmanjšajo tako, da se razdelijo, preden se dodajo v sestavljen vzorec.
5
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
3.3
komponenta
delec dela trdnega alternativnega goriva, ki se lahko loči z roko ali na preprost fizičen način
3.4
sestava
razčlemba trdnega alternativnega goriva po vrstah komponent, npr. les, papir, karton, tekstil, plastika,
guma
3.5
dogovor o dostavi
pogodba za trgovanje z gorivom, ki določa npr. vir in poreklo, kakovost in količino goriva ter tudi
pogoje dostave
3.6
enota vzorca
del goriva, ki ga naprava za vzorčenje odvzame v posameznem koraku obratovanja
[ISO 13909:2001]
3.7
laboratorijski vzorec
del vzorca, ki se pošlje v laboratorij ali ga laboratorij sprejme
OPOMBA 1: Ko se laboratorijski vzorec nadaljnje obdela (zmanjša) z deljenjem, mešanjem, mletjem ali s kombinacijo teh
postopkov, nastane preskusni vzorec. Če obdelava laboratorijskega vzorca ni potrebna, je laboratorijski vzorec
preskusni vzorec. Iz preskusnega vzorca se odstrani preskusni del, na katerem se izvede preskus ali analiza.
OPOMBA 2: Laboratorijski vzorec je končni vzorec z vidika zbiranja vzorcev in začetni vzorec z vidika laboratorija.
OPOMBA 3: Pripravi se lahko več laboratorijskih vzorcev in se jih pošlje v različne laboratorije ali isti laboratorij za različne
namene. Pri pošiljanju v isti laboratorij se komplet običajno šteje za en laboratorijski vzorec in je dokumentiran
kot en vzorec.
3.8
serija
opredeljena količina goriva, za katero se določa kakovost
OPOMBA 1: Glej tudi »podserija«.
[ISO 13909:2001]
3.9
spodnja kalorična vrednost
izračunana vrednost energije zgorevanja za enoto mase goriva, ki gori v kisiku v kalorimetrični komori
pod takšnimi pogoji, da vsa voda reakcijskih proizvodov ostane v obliki vodne pare pri 0,1 MPa
OPOMBA 1: Spodnja kalorična vrednost se lahko določi pri stalnem tlaku ali pri stalni prostornini. Običajno se spodnja
kalorična vrednost uporablja pri stalnem tlaku.
OPOMBA 2: Glej tudi »kurilna vrednost« in »zgornja kalorična vrednost«.
3.10
točka dostave
lokacija, določena v dogovoru o dostavi, na kateri se lastninske pravice in odgovornost za gorivo
prenesejo z ene organizacije ali enote na drugo
3.11
proizvajalec
organizacija ali enota, odgovorna za proizvodnjo goriva
OPOMBA: Proizvajalec je lahko tudi dobavitelj goriva.
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
3.12
trdno alternativno gorivo
trdno gorivo, pripravljeno iz nenevarnih odpadkov, iz katerega se pridobiva energija v sežigalnicah ali
napravah za sosežig in ki izpolnjuje zahteve v zvezi s klasifikacijo in specifikacijo, določene v tem
evropskem standardu
OPOMBA: »Pripravljeno« na tem mestu pomeni obdelano, homogenizirano in izboljšano do takšne ravni kakovosti, da
lahko proizvajalci in uporabniki trgujejo z njim.
3.13
specifikacija
dokument, ki navaja zahteve
[EN ISO 9000:2005]
3.14
specifikacija trdnih alternativnih goriv
specifikacija lastnosti, značilnih za trdno alternativno gorivo
OPOMBA: Predloga za takšno specifikacijo je podana v dodatku A.
3.15
podserija
del serije, za katero je zahtevan rezultat preskusa
3.16
podvzorec
del vzorca
OPOMBA 1: Podvzorec se dobi s postopki, v katerih se predmeti proučevanja naključno porazdelijo na dele enakih ali
različnih velikosti.
OPOMBA 2: Podvzorec je lahko del vzorca, ki se pridobi z izbiro ali delitvijo samega vzorca, ali končni vzorec iz
večstopenjskega postopka obdelave vzorca.
3.17
dobavitelj
organizacija ali enota, ki priskrbi gorivo
4 Simboli in kratice
Simboli in kratice, uporabljeni v tem evropskem standardu, so v glavnem skladni s sistemom enot SI.
Predmet Simbol Kratica
spodnja kalorična q SKV
p,net
vrednost
zgornja kalorična q ZKV
v,gr
vrednost
kot prejeto kp
suha osnova s
premer delca d
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
5 Načela
Sistem klasifikacije temelji na treh pomembnih karakteristikah, ki se nanašajo na glavne karakteristike
trdnih alternativnih goriv: ekonomska karakteristika (spodnja kalorična vrednost, tehnična
karakteristika (vsebnost klora) in okoljska karakteristika (vsebnost živega srebra). Karakteristike so
izbrane zato, da zainteresirana stran dobi takojšnjo, vendar poenostavljeno sliko o zadevnem gorivu.
Samo goriva iz nenevarnih odpadkov, ki izpolnjujejo evropske standarde o trdnih alternativnih gorivih,
so lahko klasificirana kot trdna alternativna goriva.
Sama klasifikacija ni dovolj za zainteresiranega uporabnika. Uporabnik mora imeti podrobnejši opis
goriva. Ustrezne lastnosti goriva je zato treba dodatno navesti. Nekatere lastnosti goriva so tako
pomembne, da jih je treba obvezno navesti, druge pa se lahko navedejo prostovoljno, npr. na zahtevo
uporabnika.
Pomembno je, da trdna alternativna goriva izpolnjujejo določene zahteve v zvezi s kakovostjo, ki se
določijo na podlagi opredeljene velikosti serije z najmanjšim številom meritev.
6 Zahteve in izjava o skladnosti
V skladu s tem dokumentom morajo biti trdna alternativna goriva skladna z naslednjimi zahtevami:
a) trdna alternativna goriva morajo biti klasificirana v skladu s sistemom v točki 7;
b) trdna alternativna goriva morajo izpolnjevati zahteve za kakovost v skladu s pravili skladnosti,
podanimi v točki 8;
c) lastnosti trdnih alternativnih goriv se morajo določiti v skladu s točko 9.
Proizvajalec/dobavitelj trdnega alternativnega goriva mora predložiti izjavo o skladnosti k temu
dokumentu. Zapis mora biti na voljo za pregled. Vzorčna predloga za izjavo je podana v dodatku C.
OPOMBA: Splošna merila za izjavo dobavitelja so podana v standardih EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2010 in EN ISO/IEC
17050-2:2004.
7 Klasifikacija
Sistem klasifikacije (preglednica 1) za trdna alternativna goriva temelji na mejnih vrednostih za tri
pomembne karakteristike goriva.
Te so:
a) povprečna vrednost za spodnjo kalorično vrednost (kp);
b) povprečna vrednost za vsebnost klora (s);
c) mediana in vrednost 80. percentila za vsebnost živega srebra (kp).
Vsaka karakteristika je razdeljena na 5 razredov. Trdnemu alternativnemu gorivu se dodeli številka
razreda od 1 do 5 za vsako karakteristiko. Kombinacija številk razreda sestavlja kodo razreda (glej
primer spodaj). Karakteristike so enako pomembne in tako nobena posamezna številka razreda ne
določa kode.
Koda razreda mora biti vključena v specifikacijo, kot je opisano v točki 9.
Zaradi vzorca statistične porazdelitve karakteristike morajo biti vrednosti predstavljene kot:
– spodnja kalorična vrednost (SKV) povprečje (aritmetično);
– vsebnost klora (Cl) povprečje (aritmetično);
– vsebnost živega srebra (Hg) mediana in 80. percentil.
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
Višja izmed dveh statističnih vrednosti (mediana in 80. percentil) v podatkovnem nizu Hg določi
razred.
PRIMER: Trdno alternativno gorivo z mediano 0,03 in vrednostjo 80. percentila 0,07 spada v razred vsebnosti živega
srebra 3 (glede na preglednico 1).
Za določanje spodnje kalorične vrednosti se uporablja standard EN 15400, za določanje vsebnosti
klora standard EN 15408, za določanje vsebnosti živega srebra pa standard EN 15411.
OPOMBA 1: 80. percentil je vrednost, v katero ali pod katero pade 80 % opazovanj.
OPOMBA 2: Podrobnosti o statističnih podatkih najdete v CEN/TR 15508 [5].
OPOMBA 3: Povprečja in percentili so določeni na količini trdnega alternativnega goriva, kot je določeno v točki 8.
OPOMBA 4: Razredi so bili določeni kot orodje za identifikacijo in predhodni izbor trdnih alternativnih goriv. Vendar je
zmogljivost obrata, kjer se uporabljajo trdna alternativna goriva, odvisna od lastnosti trdnih alternativnih goriv in
še bolj od zasnove in delovnih pogojev obrata.
OPOMBA 5: Vse vrste trdnih alternativnih goriv niso primerne za vse vrste obratov (glej CEN/TR 15508) [5]. Na primer, če se
za gorivo uporablja 100 % trdnih alternativnih goriv, mejna vrednost emisij za vsebnost živega srebra pa je
3
določena pri 0,05 mg/m za cementne in apnene peči ter za elektrarne, je ustrezno gorivo iz razreda vsebnosti
živega srebra 1 za vse naštete vrste. Gorivo iz razreda vsebnosti živega srebra 5 se lahko v teh postopkih
uporablja samo, če gorivo iz tega razreda predstavlja manj kot 100 % mešanice goriva. Pri drugih razredih
poseben faktor prenosa danega procesa in delež trdnega alternativnega goriva določata, kateri razredi se lahko
uporabijo brez izboljšanja pogojev prenosa. Primeri faktorjev prenosa za obstoječe procese so podani v
CEN/TR 15508.
OPOMBA 6: Trdna alternativna goriva se ne smejo uporabljati kot goriva, če pri zgorevanju trdnih alternativnih goriv nastane
manj toplotne energije za delovanje obrata, kot se je porabi za zgorevanje trdnih alternativnih goriv (ki tako ni na
voljo za delovanje). To lahko na primer prepreči uporabo spodnje kalorične vrednosti razreda 5 v obratih, ki
zahtevajo višjo minimalno spodnjo kalorično vrednost za pridobivanje energije.
Preglednica 1: Sistem klasifikacije za trdna alternativna goriva
Klasifikacijska Statistično Enota Razredi
karakteristika merilo
1 2 3 4 5
Spodnja
kalorična Povprečje MJ/kg (kp) ≥ 25 ≥ 20 ≥ 15 ≥ 10 ≥ 3
vrednost (SKV)
Klasifikacijska Statistično Enota Razredi
karakteristika merilo
1 2 3 4 5
Klor (Cl) Povprečje % (s) ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,6 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 1,5 ≤ 3
Klasifikacijska Statistično Enota Razredi
karakteristika merilo
1 2 3 4 5
Živo srebro (Hg) Mediana mg/MJ (kp) ≤ 0,02 ≤ 0,03 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,15 ≤ 0,50
80. percentil
mg/MJ (kp) ≤ 0,04 ≤ 0,06 ≤ 0,16 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 1,00
Primer klasifikacije:
Koda razreda trdnega alternativnega goriva s povprečno spodnjo kalorično vrednostjo 19 MJ/kg (kp),
povprečno vsebnostjo klora 0,5 % (s) in povprečno vsebnostjo živega srebra 0,016 mg/MJ (kp) z
vrednostjo 80. percentila 0,05 mg/MJ (kp) je označena kot:
koda razreda SKV 3; Cl 2; Hg 2.
9
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
8 Pravila skladnosti
8.1 Pravila skladnosti za klasifikacijo
Pravila skladnosti za klasifikacijo so prikazana s primeri v dodatku D.
Za upoštevano 12-mesečno obdobje se za vsako karakteristiko, določeno v sistemu klasifikacije,
skladnost posameznega trdnega alternativnega goriva določi s prikazom, da so izmerjene lastnosti
skladne z mejnimi vrednostmi za ta razred. To se izvede v obdobju, v katerem se uporabi sistem
vodenja kakovosti. Največja teža serije za klasifikacijo ne sme biti večja od 1500 ton. Če je
proizvodnja v 12 mesecih manjša od 15 000 ton, je velikost serije za klasifikacijo ena desetina
količine, proizvedene v tekočem 12-mesečnem obdobju.
Če pride do znatnih sprememb lastnosti vhodnih materialov ali pogojev proizvodnega procesa, se
proizvodnja šteje za prekinjeno. Na tem mestu »znatne spremembe« pomenijo takšno spremembo, ki
povzroči spremembo kode razreda.
OPOMBA 1: Če klasifikacija ne more temeljiti na 12-mesečnem obdobju dejanske proizvodnje, je treba v tekoče obdobje
12 mesecev vključiti oceno načrtovane proizvodnje manjkajočega meseca.
OPOMBA 2: Sistem vodenja kakovosti je vsak sistematičen postopek, ki se uporablja za doseganje skladnosti s tem
evropskim standardom.
Za vsako serijo se izvede vsaj ena meritev vsake karakteristike. Če je potrebno navzkrižno
preverjanje, je treba vzeti dodaten laboratorijski vzorec. Laboratorijski vzorec je treba hraniti najmanj
12 mesecev. Vzorčenje in postopek vzorčenja sta prikazana na sliki 2. Za vzorčenje in zmanjševanje
vzorca se uporablja standard EN 15442.
Primerjava spodnje kalorične vrednosti in vsebnosti klora z mejnimi vrednostmi razredov se izvede z
upoštevanjem 95-odstotnega intervala zaupanja aritmetičnega povprečja desetih meritev. Za izračun
spodnje in zgornje meje 95-odstotnega intervala zaupanja aritmetičnega povprečja se uporabi
naslednja enačba:
1,96
s
X= X± ⋅
n
kjer so:
X spodnja/zgornja meja 95-odstotnega intervala zaupanja aritmetičnega povprečja
X aritmetično povprečje (na podlagi vseh meritev)
1,96 funkcionalna karakteristika normalne porazdelitve (za 95-odstotni interval zaupanja)
s standardni odmik (na podlagi vseh meritev)
n število meritev (tukaj n = 10)
Za kategorizacijo karakteristične spodnje kalorične vrednosti je odločilna izračunana spodnja meja
95-odstotnega intervala zaupanja aritmetičnega povprečja, za vsebnost klora pa ustrezna zgornja
meja.
Koda razreda za vsebnost živega srebra se določi glede na mediano in 80. percentil na podlagi
podatkovnega niza desetih zaporednih meritev.
Če po koncu 12-mesečnega obdobja obstaja nepopoln podatkovni niz (z manj kot 10 podatki), se ti
podatki uporabijo v naslednjem 12-mesečnem obdobju ter se dopolnijo z zaporednimi meritvami tega
obdobja, dokler ne nastane popoln podatkovni niz z 10 meritvami. V primeru, ko pri klasifikaciji ene
karakteristike več analiz v 12-mesečnem obdobju prinese različne rezultate klasifikacije, je treba za
določanje razreda trdnega alternativnega goriva vedno uporabiti najvišji razred (glej primer 2 v
točki D.2).
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SIST EN 15359 : 2012
Po začetku proizvodnje trdnega alternativnega goriva ali po nastanku znatne spremembe se lahko na
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15359:2009
01-julij-2009
Trdna alternativna goriva - Specifikacije in razredi
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und Klassen
Combustibles solides de récupération - Spécification et classes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15359
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
oSIST prEN 15359:2009 en,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15359:2009
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oSIST prEN 15359:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15359
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2009
ICS 75.160.10 Will supersede CEN/TS 15359:2006
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes
Combustibles solides de récupération - Spécification et Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Spezifikationen und Klassen
classes
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 343.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15359:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 15359:2009
prEN 15359:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Principles . 8
6 Requirements and declaration of conformity . 8
7 Classification . 9
8 Compliance rules . 10
8.1 Compliance rules for classification . 10
8.2 Compliance rules for specification . 11
9 Specification . 12
9.1 General . 12
9.2 Properties obligatory to specify . 12
9.3 Properties non-obligatory to specify . 13
Annex A (normative) Template for the specification of solid recovered fuels. 15
Annex B (informative) Fuel preparation . 18
)
Annex C (informative) Template for declaration of conformity . 19
Annex D (informative) Examples of establishment of compliance with SRF classification . 20
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Foreword
This document (prEN 15359:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede CEN/TS 15359:2006.
The scope for this document is based on the mandate M/325 given by the European Commission to
CEN on 2002-08-26.
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Introduction
The objective of this document is to provide unambiguous and clear classification and specification
principles for solid recovered fuels (SRF). The document aims at serving as a tool to enable efficient
trading of SRF, promoting their acceptability on the fuel market and increasing the public trust. The
document will facilitate a good understanding between seller and buyer, facilitate purchase,
transborder movements, use and supervision as well as a good communication with equipment
manufacturers. It will also facilitate authority permission procedures and ease the reporting on the use
of fuels from renewable energy sources and on other environmental issues.
)
1
SRF are produced from non hazardous waste. The input waste can be production specific waste,
municipal solid waste, industrial waste, commercial waste, construction and demolition waste, sewage
sludge etc. It is thus obvious that SRF are a heterogeneous group of fuels. A well defined system for
classification and specification is therefore of great importance to reach the above mentioned
objectives and intentions.
This document covers all types of SRF and will thus have a wide field of application. It supports the
objectives and implementation of the EU waste hierarchy as defined in article 3.1 of the waste
framework directive 2006/12/EC. [1]
This document describes the compliance rules which SRF has to meet to be classified according to
the classification system. It also describes how the supplier can establish a declaration of conformity to
the different EN standards for SRF.
Figure 1 illustrates a simplified flow chain for SRF, from input of waste to end use of SRF. This
document has an interface to all the stages in the chain, but SRF classification and specification are
applicable at the point of delivery as shown in the figure. Requirements for how the input waste is
collected and how to use the fuel are not part of this document.
)
1
Hazardous waste is defined in the Directive on hazardous waste (91/689/EEC) and its amendments, and are
elucidated and exemplified in the waste list ((Commission decision 2000/532) and its amendments, in particular
2001/118/EC).
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Figure 1 — Solid recovered fuels chain — The EN Standard on specifications and classes is
applicable at the point of delivery
1 Scope
This document specifies a classification system for solid recovered fuels (SRF) and a template for the
specifications of their properties.
SRF are produced from non-hazardous waste.
NOTE 1 Solid biofuels excluded from the Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) are not included in the
scope of this document. These are dealt with in CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”. Waste wood from demolition of
buildings and civil engineering installations is, however, included in the scope.
NOTE 2 Untreated municipal solid waste is not included in the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15357, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
prEN 15400, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of calorific values (revision of
CEN/TS 15400 as WI 00343046)
prEN 15403, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of ash content (revision of
CEN/TS 15403:2006 as WI 00343049)
prEN 15408, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl),
fluorine (F) and bromine (Br) content (revision of CEN/TS 15408:2006 as WI 00343058)
prEN 15411, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements
(As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)(revision of CEN/TS
15411:2006 as WI 00343060)
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prEN 15414-1, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method
— Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method (revision of CEN/TS 15414-1:2006 as
WI 00343053)
prEN 15414-2, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method
— Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified method (revision of CEN/TS 15414-2:2006 as
WI 00343054)
prEN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method
— Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample (revision of CEN/TS 15414-3:2006 as 00343055)
prEN 15415, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size and particle size distribution by
screen method (revision of CEN/TS 15415:20086 as WIs 00343063, 00343064 and 00343065)
prEN 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
prEN 15443, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for laboratory sample preparation
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357 and the following
apply.
NOTE The terms and definitions 3.1 to 3.15 are identical with the ones given in prEN 15357.
3.1
classification of solid recovered fuels
grouping of solid recovered fuels into classes
NOTE The classes are defined by boundary values for chosen fuel characteristics to be used for trading as
well as for information of permitting authorities and other interested parties.
3.2
combined sample
sample consisting of all the increments taken from a lot
NOTE The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample.
3.3
component
part of portion of a solid recovered fuels that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical
means
3.4
composition
break down of solid recovered fuels by types of components e.g. wood, paper, board, textiles, plastics,
rubber
3.5
delivery agreement
contract for fuel trade, which specifies e.g. origin and source, quality and quantity of the fuel, as well
as delivery terms
3.6
increment
portion of fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device
NOTE Adapted from ISO 13909:2002.
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3.7
laboratory sample
part of the sample sent to the laboratory
3.8
lot
defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined
NOTE 1 See also sub-lot.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 13909:2003.
3.9
net calorific value
calculated value of the energy of combustion for unit of mass of a fuel burned in oxygen in calorimetric
bomb under such conditions that all water of the reaction products remains as water vapour at 0,1
MPa
NOTE 1 The net caloric value can be determined at constant pressure or at constant volume. The net calorific
value at constant pressure is however the generally used.
NOTE 2 Old term is lower heating value.
NOTE 3 See also calorific value and gross calorific value.
3.10
point of delivery
the location specified in the delivery agreement, at which the proprietary rights of and responsibility for
a fuel are transferred from one organization or unit to an other
3.11
solid recovery fuels
solid fuel prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilised for energy recovery in incineration or co-
incineration plants and meeting the classification and specification requirements laid down in
prEN 15359
NOTE “Prepared” here means processed, homogenised and up-graded to a quality that can be traded
amongst producers and users.
3.12
specification
document stating requirements.
[EN ISO 9000:2005].
3.13
specification of solid recovered fuels
specification for the properties characterising a solid recovered fuel
NOTE A template for such specification is given in Annex A of prEN 15359.
3.14
sub-lot
part of a lot for which a test result is required
3.15
sub-sample
sample obtained by producers in which the items of interest are randomly distributed in parts of equal
or unequal size
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NOTE 1 A sub-sample is obtained by procedures in which the items of interest are randomly distributed in part
of equal or unequal size.
NOTE 2 A sub-sample may be either a portion of the sample obtained by selection or division of the sample
itself, or the final sample of a multistage sample preparation.
3.16
supplier
organisation or person that provides a product
4 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviations used in this EN standard comply with the SI system of units as far as
possible.
Item Symbol Abbreviation
net calorific value q NCV
p,net
gross calorific value q GCV
V,gr
as received ar
dry basis d
particle diameter d
5 Principles
The classification system is based on three important characteristics, referred to the main SRF
characteristics: an economic characteristic (net calorific value), a technical characteristic (chlorine
content) and an environmental characteristic (mercury content). The characteristics are chosen to give
a stakeholder an immediate but simplified picture of the fuel in question.
Only fuels derived from non hazardous waste that meet the SRF EN-standards can be classified as
SRF.
The classification itself is not enough for an intending user. A user has to have a more detailed
description of the fuel. Relevant fuel properties are thus to be further specified. Some of the fuel
properties are so important that they are obligatory to specify whereas others can be recorded
voluntarily, e.g. upon request of the user.
It is important that SRF meet specified quality requirements which are to be determined based on a
defined lot size by a minimum number of measurements.
6 Requirements and declaration of conformity
In conformity with this document, SRF shall comply with the following requirements:
a) SRF shall be classified according to the system in Clause 7;
b) SRF shall meet quality requirements according to given compliance rules in Clause 8;
c) SRF properties shall be specified according to Clause 9.
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The producer/supplier shall give a declaration of conformity to this document. The record shall be kept
available for inspection. A model template for the declaration is given in Annex C.
NOTE General criteria for a supplier’s declaration is given in EN ISO/IEC 17050-1:2004 and
EN ISO/IEC 17050-2:2004.
7 Classification
The classification system (Table 1) for SRF is based on limit values for three important fuel
characteristics. These are:
a) the mean value for net calorific value (ar);
b) the mean value for chlorine content (d);
th
c) the median and 80 percentile values for mercury content (ar).
Each characteristic is divided into 5 classes. The SRF shall be assigned a class number from 1 to 5 for
each characteristic. A combination of the class numbers makes up the class code (see example
below). The characteristics are of equal importance and thus no single class number determines the
code.
The class code shall be included in the specification as described in Clause 9.
Due to the statistical distribution pattern of the characteristics the values shall be presented as:
net calorific value (NCV) mean (arithmetic);
chlorine content (Cl) mean (arithmetic);
th
mercury content (Hg) median and 80 percentile.
th
The higher of the two statistical values (median and 80 percentile) in a Hg data set determines the
class.
th
EXAMPLE A SRF with a median value of 0,03 and a 80 percentile value of 0,07 belongs to Hg class 3.
(according to Table 1).
For NCV, Cl and Hg the test methods in the corresponding EN-standards shall be used.
th
NOTE 1 80 percentile is the value on or below which 80 % of the observations fall.
NOTE 2 For details on statistics see CEN Report CEN/TR 15508 ”Key properties of solid recovered fuels to be
used for establishing a classification system”[6].
NOTE 3 The averages and percentiles are determined on the quantity of SRF as specified in Clause 8.
NOTE 4 The classes have been determined as a tool for identifying and pre-selecting SRF. However, the
performances of the plant where SRF is used are depending on the properties of the SRF and more significantly
on the design and operating conditions of such a plant.
NOTE 5 Not all kinds of SRF are suited for all types of installation (see CEN/TR 15508, Brussels, Belgium,
3
2006)[6]. For example, if 100 % SRF is used as fuel and an emission limit for Hg is defined at 0.05 mg/m , for
cement and lime kilns as well as for power plants, Class Hg 1 fuels would fit to all types of these. Class Hg 5 fuels
could only be used in these processes if this class of fuel is less than 100 % of the fuel mix. For other classes the
specific transfer factor of a given process and the proportion of SRF will determine which classes can be used
without improvement of the transfer conditions. Examples of transfer factors for existing processes are given in
CEN/TR 15508.
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NOTE 6 SRF should not be used as a fuel if there is less thermal energy produced from the combustion of the
SRF and available for the process of the installation, than the energy used by the combustion of the SRF (thus
not available for the process). This can, for example, prevent the use of class NCV 5 in installations requiring a
higher minimum NCV for energy recovery.
Table 1 — Classification system for solid recovered fuels
Classification Statistical Unit Classes
characteristic measure
1 2 3 4 5
Net calorific Mean MJ/kg (ar) ≥ 25 ≥ 20 ≥ 15 ≥ 10 ≥ 3
value (NCV)
Classification Statistical Unit Classes
characteristic measure
1 2 3 4 5
Chlorine (Cl) Mean % (d) ≤ 0,2 ≤ 0,6 ≤ 1,0 ≤ 1,5 ≤ 3
Classification Statistical Unit Classes
characteristic measure
1 2 3 4 5
Mercury (Hg) Median mg/MJ (ar) ≤ 0,02 ≤ 0,03 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,15 ≤ 0,50
th
80 percentile mg/MJ (ar) ≤ 0,06
≤ 0,04 ≤ 0,16 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 1,00
Example of classification:
The class code of a SRF having a mean net calorific value of 19 MJ/kg (ar), a mean chlorine content
th
of 0,5 % (d) and a median mercury content of 0,016 mg/MJ (ar) with a 80 percentile value of
0,05 mg/MJ (ar) is designated as:
Class code NCV 3; Cl 2; Hg 2.
8 Compliance rules
8.1 Compliance rules for classification
The compliance rules for classification are illustrated by examples in Annex D.
For a considered 12 months period, for each characteristic specified in the classification system, the
compliance of a particular SRF shall be established by demonstration that the measured properties
conform to the limit values defined for that class. This shall be performed at a period in which a quality
management system (QMS) is applied. The maximum weight of a lot for classification shall be no
more than 1 500 tonnes. When the 12 month production is less than 15 000 tonnes the lot size for
classification shall be one tenth of the amount produced in a 12 months rolling period.
NOTE 1 If the classification cannot be based on a 12 month period of actual production, an estimation of the
planned production of the missing month should be included in the rolling 12 month period.
NOTE 2 If there are significant changes in the properties of input materials or in the production process
conditions, the production shall be considered to be interrupted. Significant means such a change that would
result in a change of class code.
NOTE 3 A quality management system is meant as any systematic procedure used for complying with this
standard.
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For each lot, at least one measurement of each characteristic shall be performed. An additional
laboratory sample shall be taken in case of a cross check is needed. It shall be kept until the
measurement has been validated. The sampling and sample procedure are illustrated in Figure 2. For
sampling and sample reduction prEN 15442 shall be applied.
The comparison for NCV and Cl with the limit values of the classes is made by taking the 95 %
confidence interval of the arithmetic mean of 10 measurements into account. For the calculation of the
lower and the upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean the following formula
shall be used:
s
X = X ±1,96⋅
n
X lower/upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval of the arithmetic mean;
X arithmetic mean (based on all measurements);
1,96 functional characteristic of the normal distribution (for the 95 % confidence interval);
s standard deviation (based on all measurements);
n number of measurements (here n=10).
Decisive for the categorisation of the characteristic NCV is the calculated lower limit of the 95 %
confidence interval of the arithmetic mean and for Cl the corresponding upper limit.
th
The class code for Hg is established using median and 80 percentile based on data sets of 10
consecutive measurements. If, at the end of the 12 month period, an incomplete data set exists (with
less than 10 data), these data shall be used in the following 12 month period and be completed with
the consecutive measurements of that period to a full data set of 10 measurements. In the case that
for one characteristic to be classified several analyses of a 12 month period lead to different
classification results, always the highest class has to be used for the determination of the class of the
SRF.
After the start of the production of SRF or after a significant change, the minimum of 10 measurement
results can be obtained on one or several lots as defined above. When several combined samples are
taken on the same lot they shall be taken independently.
For process control reasons it is recommended to calculate the median and the 80 percentile value
after the measurement of every lot (e.g. for data sets No. 1 to No. 10 / No. 2 to No. 11 / etc.) and to
consider the short time variation of the analytical results.
Within the characterisation period it is recommended to use as a prediction method for virgin
producers the 50 % - rule for Hg classification. This prediction method is working according to the
principle of a conservative classification (indirect safety margin).
NOTE 4 If production time is less than 12 months it can be considered and treated as an initial phase of the
production.
NOTE 5 The 50 % rule means that classification is determined by comparing the measurement results to 50 %
of the class limits (median and/or 80-percentile). For more details see CEN/TR 15508 “Key properties of solid
recovered fuels to be used for establishing a classification system“ [6].
8.2 Compliance rules for specification
The SRF specification to be agreed upon by the supplier and the user may define the lot size up to a
maximum of 1500 tonnes as well as by the compliance rules. In case these elements are not defined
in the SRF specification, then the lot size and compliance rules specified for the classification apply.
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Figure 2 — Illustration of sampling and sample procedure. Number and size of increments
depend on the heterogenity of the SRF and on required accuracy and precision (see
prEN 15442)
9 Specification
9.1 General
The SRF shall be specified according to the template in Annex A. The template is divided in two parts:
Part 1 consists of properties that are obligatory to specify and Part 2 of properties that are voluntary to
specify. The list of properties in Part 2 may be altered (new properties added and existing removed).
For specification of the properties in Part 1 determination shall be made according to CEN test
methods (Technical Specifications or standards). For the properties in Part 2 CEN test methods is
recommended but other relevant methods may be used. If other methods are used it shall be stated in
the (fuel) specification.
9.2 Properties obligatory to specify
The following properties shall be specified according to the specification template in Annex A, Part 1.
Class code shall be filled in as described in Clause 7. Actual values on the fuel
properties included in the classification system shall be filled in as well.
These are net calorific value, chlorine and mercury content.
Origin of the input waste used for preparation of the SRF shall be specified. It can
be done either by text or by the four or six digit codes according to the
European Waste List (EWC) [5].
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oSIST prEN 15359:2009
prEN 15359:2009 (E)
Particle form of the SRF shall be specified. Examples of forms are pellets, bales,
briquettes, chips, flakes, fluff and powder. Other forms may be used and
shall then be specified separately.
Particle size in the fuel shall be specified by sieving or equivalent techniques, and be
expressed as dx, where d is the particle size on the distribution curve
where x % passes according to prEN 15415, Solid recovered fuels -
Determination of particle dimensions and particle size distribution.
Ash content shall be specified on dry bases according to prEN 15403, Solid recovered
fuels - Methods for the determination of ash content.
Moisture content shall be specified as received according to prEN 15414, Parts 1, 2 and 3,
Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of moisture content.
Net calorific value shall be specified both as received and on dry bases according to
prEN 15400, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the determination of
calorific values.
Chemical properties - the chlorine content shall be specified based on dry basis according to
prEN 15408.
- the content of each heavy metal separately as well as the sum thereof as
mentioned in Waste Incineration Directive [3] shall be specified on dry
basis according to prEN 15411. The heavy metals are antimony, arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel,
thallium and vanadium. Cadmium, mercury and thallium are not included in
the sum.
9.3 Properties non-obligatory to specify
The properties in Annex A, Part 2 are voluntary to specify. These properties are:
Biomass content of the SRF should be specified and shall then be measured according to
prEN 15440, Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the
biomass content. [12] The fraction of biomass can be expressed by weight,
by energy content or by carbon content. The biomass content in percent by
carbon content is necessary in order to calculate the emission of biomass
or fossil carbon dioxide per unit SRF.
NOTE 1 More information on biomass content is available in CEN/TR 14980. [7]
NOTE 2 More information on the emission factor and how to calculate it is
available in Commission Decision 2007/589/EC establishing guidelines for the
monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to Directive
2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of council of 18 July 2007 [14].
Composition is the weight percentage of main fractions of wood, paper, plastics, rubber,
textiles etc. The basis (dry or wet) should be specified.
Fuel preparation depends on the input waste and the field
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