SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
01-november-2014
Specifikacija merilnih naprav in metod za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti -
1-1. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radijskih motenj in odpornosti - Merilne
naprave - Dopolnilo A2
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods --
Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur
Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -- Teil
1-1: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
(Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Messgeräte
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques -- Partie 1-1:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Appareils de mesure
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
ICS:
17.220.20 0HUMHQMHHOHNWULþQLKLQ Measurement of electrical
PDJQHWQLKYHOLþLQ and magnetic quantities
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2014
ICS 33.100.10

English Version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus
(CISPR 16-1-1:2010/A2:2014)
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie
des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten
perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-1: Appareils de Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit -
mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité Teil 1-1: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der
aux perturbations radioélectriques - Appareils de mesure hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und
(CISPR 16-1-1:2010/A2:2014) Störfestigkeit - Messgeräte
(CISPR 16-1-1:2010/A2:2014)
This amendment A2 modifies the European Standard EN 55016-1-1:2010; it was approved by CENELEC on 2014-08-04. CENELEC
members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this amendment the
status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This amendment exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as
the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.


European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
 Ref. No. EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014 E

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document CIS/A/1070/FDIS, future CISPR 16-1-1:2010/A2, prepared by CISPR SC A
“Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods” of CISPR “International special committee
on radio interference” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC
as EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014.
The following dates are fixed:
– latest date by which the document has to be implemented at (dop) 2015-05-04
national level by publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting with (dow) 2017-08-04
the document have to be withdrawn

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-1:2010/A2:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
CISPR 15 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55015.
CISPR 22 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55022.
CISPR 25 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55025.
CISPR 32 NOTE Harmonized as EN 55032.

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014




CISPR 16-1-1

®


Edition 3.0 2014-06




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside



INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE


COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES


BASIC EMC PUBLICATION

PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE EN CEM


AMENDMENT 2

AMENDEMENT 2



Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and

methods –

Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring

apparatus




Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations

radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –

Partie 1-1: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de


l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Appareils de mesure







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ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1655-2



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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014
© IEC 2014
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee CIS/A: Radio-interference
measurements and statistical methods, of IEC technical committee CISPR: International
special committee on radio interference.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CIS/A/1070/FDIS CIS/A/1075/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

_____________

4.4.1 Amplitude relationship (absolute calibration)
Add, after the existing first paragraph, the following new text:
When external preamplifiers are used, refer to Annex J for applicable requirements.

7.5.2 Amplitude relationship
Add, after the existing paragraph and Note, the following new text:
When external preamplifiers are used, refer to Annex J for applicable requirements.

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014 – 3 –
© IEC 2014
Add, after the existing Annex I, the following new annex:
Annex J
(normative)

Requirements when using an external
preamplifier with a measuring receiver
J.1 General
Using an external preamplifier at the input of a measuring receiver shall be considered
carefully as, while it improves system sensitivity, it may invalidate the system’s compliance
with the overload requirements of this standard. Further, an external preamplifier may
invalidate the usability of a spectrum analyzer without preselection for the measurement of
impulsive signals with pulse repetition frequencies down to 20 Hz using the quasi-peak
detector as specified in 4.4.2.
Therefore the operator of a measuring system that includes an external preamplifier shall
determine the limitations of the system and shall apply linearity checks for the test system.
Automated measurement results with external preamplifiers need to be verified using a final
manual linearity check. The information given in this annex provides guidance for the user of
emission measurement systems.
J.2 Considerations for optimum emission measurement system design
Internally, measuring receivers are designed to achieve optimum sensitivity while avoiding
overload. Built-in preselection in the measuring receiver avoids overload by impulsive signals.
In spite of preselection, measuring receivers usually have no linearity reserve for quasi-peak
measurements of a single pulse above the specified indication range. Missing preselection in
measuring receivers causes problems with quasi-peak detection of impulsive signals with low
PRF.
The use of an external broadband preamplifier shall be considered only after all other
possible measures for improving the system sensitivity have been exhausted, e.g. using
measuring receivers with built-in preamplifiers, using antennas of sufficient gain, or using low
loss connecting cables. An external preamplifier need only be added when the disturbance
limit and all of the emissions expected and emissions to be measured are very close to the
system noise level, e.g. for compliance with Class 5 radiated disturbance limits of CISPR 25
[17]. If high emission signals or high ambients are expected, external preamplifiers are not
recommended.
From experience, external preamplifiers are not needed for radiated disturbance
measurements to Class B limits of CISPR 11, CISPR 22 [16] and CISPR 32 [18], either at 3 m
or at 10 m measurement distance, when measuring receivers with built-in preamplifiers
including preselection and low-loss antenna cables are used. The same situation applies for
radiated disturbance measurements to CISPR 14-1, CISPR 15 [15], and the generic emission
standards, as well as for disturbance power measurements.
External preamplifiers are not recommended for conducted disturbance measurements below
30 MHz; their use may cause harmonics in the presence of high-level disturbance at
frequencies below 150 kHz, where many emission standards do not specify disturbance limits.
If an external preamplifier is added for improved sensitivity, the following needs to be
considered:
a) preamplifiers have a wide bandwidth, i.e. they are susceptible to overload by impulsive
signals and high level narrowband signals;

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
– 4 – CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014
© IEC 2014
b) preamplifiers may produce intermodulation products and harmonics; this is especially
important when measurements are made on an OATS and/or in the presence of radio
transmission equipment;
c) preamplifiers increase the signal level at the receiver input and thus may overload the
receiver input stages, a condition which cannot be avoided entirely by the receiver’s built-
in preselection;
d) the gain in sensitivity will be less than the gain in signal level, thus limiting the dynamic
range of the preamplifier/receiver combination;
NOTE 1 The gain in sensitivity is understood as the difference between the noise figure without preamplifier
and the system noise figure with preamplifier.
e) for maximum sensitivity in the frequency range above 1 GHz, the preamplifier is
mounted/connected directly to the measurement antenna;
f) use of an external preamplifier requires that an accurate gain versus frequency
characterization be accounted for in the measurement result;
g) the uncertainty of the gain as a function of temperature and aging, as well as the
additional mismatch uncertainty between the preamplifier output port and the receiver
input port, shall be included in the uncertainty budget for the measurement; the input
impedance shall, as far as possible, comply with the requirements for the measuring
receiver and shall be included in the uncertainty budget;
h) for CISPR Band E, a system consisting of an external preamplifier and a measuring
receiver shall be designed such that it cannot be overloaded by signals of lower frequency
bands, and/or by any signal whose out-of-band or spurious signals are to be measured;
e.g. the ISM signal of a microwave oven shall not drive the system into overload.
The gain in sensitivity is determined using the following quantities and equations:
P
ie
F= and, (J.1)
kT B
0

P
o
for an amplifier, (J.2)
F=
gkT B
0

where
F is the noise factor, with 10 lgF = noise figure (often denoted by the symbol NF);
P is the equivalent noise input power;
ie
P is the noise output power;
o
G/10
g is calculated from the gain, G = 10 lgg, respectively g = 10
–23 –21
k is Boltzmann’s constant = 1,38 × 10 Ws/K and kT = 4 × 10 W/Hz
0
T is the absolute reference room temperature (293 K);
0
B is the noise bandwidth (e.g. of the measuring receiver).

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014 – 5 –
© IEC 2014
Receiver
Preamplifier
F , g
1 1 F
2
a a
c1 c2

IEC  1944/14

Figure J.1 – Receiver with preamplifier
In Figure J.1, assuming that the cable attenuation a = 0 dB, then
c2
 
F − 1
2
 
10lg F = a + 10lg F + (J.3)
tot c1 1
 
g
1
 
where F is the noise factor of the system at the input cable with a .
tot c1
If a ≠ 0 dB, then the preamplifier gain factor g in Equation (J.3) has to be replaced by
c2 1
( – )/10
G a
10 . Cable attenuation a = 0 dB is achieved by mounting and/or connecting the
1 c2
c1
preamplifier directly to the antenna. If a ≠ 0 dB, then the cable attenuation a adds to the
c1 c1
system noise figure as shown by Equation (J.3).
State-of-the-art preamplifiers typically have noise figures of 3 dB or less, corresponding to a
noise factor of F = 2. Receivers with built-in preamplifiers typically have noise figures around
1
8 dB, corresponding to a noise factor F = 6,3. This high noise factor is due to attenuation
2
caused by preselection and other internal insertion losses of the receiver. Receivers without
built-in preamplifiers typically have noise figures around 15 dB, corresponding to a noise
factor F = 31,6.
2
NOTE 2 The noise figure 10 lgF of a measuring receiver can be determined from the indicated noise level using
2
10 lgF = V + 67 – 10 lgB –w
2 Nav N Nav
where
V is the receiver noise floor with linear average detection, in dB(µV);
Nav
B is the noise bandwidth of the measuring receiver, in Hz;
N
w is the noise weighting factor for linear average detection, in dB.
Nav
EXAMPLE If V = –10,7 dB(µV), B = 85 kHz (for B = 120 kHz), and w = −1 dB, then the noise figure
Nav N 6 Nav
10 lgF = 8 dB.
2
The quantity w is the difference between the indications of the linear average detector and
Nav
the r.m.s. detector for Gaussian noise [19]; values for quasi-peak detection w are
Nqp
approximately 4 dB for Band B, and 6 dB for Bands C/D; for peak detection w is up to
Npk
12 dB, depending on measurement time.
The noise bandwidth B is close to the 3 dB bandwidth B of the measuring receiver. A rough
N 3
approximation is given by B = 1,1 B . See [19] for details about specific filter
N 3
implementations.
Considering a given preamplifier noise figure of 3 dB, it will be acceptable to achieve a
system noise figure 10 lgF = 4 dB, corresponding to a noise factor of 2,51. This requires
tot
that (F – 1)/g = 0,51, or g = (F –1)/0,51.
2 1 1 2
• For receivers with a built-in preamplifier, the resulting gain is g = 10,39, or G = 10,2 dB.
1 1

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SIST EN 55016-1-1:2010/A2:2014
– 6 – CISPR 16-1-1:2010/AMD2:2014
© IEC 2014
• For receivers without a built-in preamplifier, the resulting gain is g = 60, or G = 17,8 dB.
1 1
For a receiver without a built-in preamplifier, as described above, an external preamplifier with
a noise figure of 3 dB and a gain of 10 dB will give a system noise figure of 7 dB.
From the preceding examples, it can be seen that an improvement in sensitivity of 4 dB
requires a signal gain of around 10 dB for a receiver with a built-in preamplifier. For a receiver
without a built-in preamplifier, an improvement in sensitivity of 11 dB requires a
...