SIST ISO 233-3:2024

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 233-3
Second edition
2023-03
Information and documentation —
Transliteration of Arabic characters
into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration
Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères
arabes en caractères latins —
Partie 3: Persan — Translittération
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strict transliteration .2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Consonants . 2
4.3 Vowels . 4
4.4 Arabic elements in the Persian language . 4
4.5 Hamze . 5
4.6 Persian relational suffix (ez̤āfe) . 5
4.7 Punctuation marks . 6
4.8 Persian numerals . 6
5 Modified transliteration .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Vowels and consonants . 6
5.3 Arabic elements in the Persian language . 8
5.4 Hamze . 8
5.5 Persian relational suffix (ez̤āfe): . 9
6 General principles of transliteration . 9
Annex A (informative) Different positional forms of characters .10
Annex B (normative) General principles .11
Bibliography .13
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 233-3:1999), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Incorporated options for 3 “levels” of transliteration: strict, i.e. fully reversible (with and without
vowels and other diacritical marks); and a modified but not fully reversible system, which, for
example, distinguishes in transliteration when the characters و and ى function as vowels or as
consonants, and, in the case of ى, other functions of the character.
— Added missing diacritical signs to the tables and corrected some errors elsewhere in the text. Added
distinction in transliteration between ا and آ. Changed transliteration of خ (Table 1, row 9) from ‘ḵ’ to
‘x’. Changed transliteration of ض (Table 1, row 18) from ‘ż’ to ‘z̤’. Changed transliteration of tanvīn
(Table 3, row 2) from ´´ to ã/ẽ/õ.
— Added notes explaining certain grammatical points; updated examples.
— Added hexadecimal character codes (ISO/IEC 10646 or Unicode) to all tables containing Persian
characters and transliterations and therefore omitted Annexes B and D, Annex C thus becoming
Annex B.
— Added the mandatory Terms and definitions clause and renumbered the subsequent clauses.
A list of all parts in the ISO 233 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document is one of a series of International Standards, dealing with the conversion of systems of
writing. The aim of the ISO 233 series is to provide a means for international communication of written
messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these, by humans
or machines. The system of conversion, in this case, must be univocal and entirely reversible to allow
for retransliteration.
This means that consideration to phonetic and aesthetic matters or to certain national customs is not a
priority: all these considerations are, indeed, ignored by the machine performing the function.
This document can be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain
that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of
the original text in a person’s own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the
original graphism, and thus allow anyone who has knowledge of the original language to pronounce it
correctly. Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if
one has a knowledge of English or Polish.
The existence in Perso-Arabic script of vowel signs and other diacritical marks, which are pronounced
but often not written somewhat complicates reading of the text, but as those with knowledge of the
language can read and mentally fill in the missing signs/sounds when reading the original script, so
can they with the transliterated version, for example, the word رَپِس, which consists of 3 consonants
and 2 diacritical vowel signs (transliteration: separ) when written without vowel signs would be رپس
(transliteration: spr).
To address the issue of diacritical vowels and other signs that are unwritten, and the fact that some
characters perform more than one function (e.g. characters that can function as either a vowel or a
consonant), this document incorporates three levels of transliteration:
1) strict and fully reversible, univocal, with diacritical vowels and other signs only transliterated if
written in the source text;
2) strict and fully reversible, univocal, with diacritical vowels and other signs included for clarity,
regardless of their presence or absence in the source text;
3) a modified version of the system that while not fully reversible includes the diacritical vowels and
other signs and takes account of the different functions performed by some characters (see 4.1 and
5.1 for further details).
The adoption of this document for international communication leaves every country free to adopt for
its own use a national standard which can be different, on condition that it is compatible with this
document. The system proposed herein will make this possible and be acceptable to international use if
the graphisms it creates are such that they can be converted automatically into the graphisms used in
any strict national systems.
The adoption of national standards compatible with this document permits the representation, in an
international publication, of the morphemes of each language according to the customs of the country
where it is spoken. It is possible to simplify this representation in order to take into account the number
of the character sets available on different kinds of machines.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 233-3:2023(E)
Information and documentation — Transliteration of
Arabic characters into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration
1 Scope
This document establishes a system for the transliteration of the Arabic characters (often called
Perso-Arabic script) used to write in the Persian language into Latin characters. This modification of
the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is specifically intended to facilitate the processing of
bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
character
element of an alphabetical or other type of writing system that graphically represents a phoneme, a
syllable, a word or even a prosodical characteristic of a given language
Note 1 to entry: It is used either alone (for example, a letter, a syllabic sign, an ideographical character, a digit, a
punctuation mark) or in combination (such as an accent or a diacritical
...