SIST EN 301 796:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2001
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVW(0&LQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50
+DUPRQL]LUDQL(1]DEUH]YUYLþQHWHOHIRQH&7LQ&7NL]DMHPDELVWYHQH]DKWHYH
þOHQDGLUHNWLYH5 77(
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Harmonized EN for
CT1 and CT1+ cordless telephone equipment covering essential requirements under
article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 301 796 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.100.99 Drugi vidiki v zvezi z EMC Other aspects related to
EMC
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM);
Harmonized EN for CT1 and CT1+ cordless telephone
equipment covering essential requirements
under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive

2 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
Reference
DEN/ERM-TG13-001-1
Keywords
CT, radio, regulation
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.:+33492944200 Fax:+33 493654716
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://www.etsi.org/tb/status/
If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to:
editor@etsi.fr
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2000.
All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
Introduction .6
1 Scope .8
2 References .8
3 Definitions and abbreviations.9
3.1 Definitions.9
3.2 Abbreviations .9
4 Principles of operation and general requirements .9
4.1 Procedure to set up the RF connection between fixed and portable part.9
4.2 Operating frequencies.10
4.3 General requirements .10
4.3.1 Modulation.10
4.3.2 Antenna.10
4.3.3 Threshold level for field strength and minimum observation time .10
4.3.4 Scanning time .11
4.3.5 Termination of the RF connection and line connection .11
4.3.5.1 Termination of the RF connection .11
4.3.5.2 Interruption of a connection due to low field strength .11
4.3.6 Power supply for CPP.11
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .11
5.2 Test power source.11
5.3 Normal test conditions.12
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12
5.3.2 Normal test power source .12
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency .12
5.3.2.2 Other power sources.12
5.4 Extreme test conditions .12
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures .12
5.4.2 Extreme test voltages .12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency .12
5.4.2.2 Other power sources.12
5.5 Procedure for test at extreme temperatures .13
5.5.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation.13
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver.13
6.2 Receiver circuitry .13
6.2.1 Receiver mute or squelch circuit.13
6.3 Normal test modulation.13
6.4 Test fixture .14
6.5 Test site and general arrangement for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.14
6.5.1 Test site.14
6.5.2 Optional indoor test site.14
6.5.3 Test antenna .15
6.5.4 Substitution antenna.15
6.5.5 Auxiliary cables .16
7 Transmitter .16
7.1 Frequency error .16
7.1.1 Definition.16
7.1.2 Method of measurement .16
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
7.1.3 Limits.16
7.2 Carrier power.16
7.2.1 Definition.16
7.2.2 Method of measurement under normal test conditions .16
7.2.3 Limits.17
7.3 Adjacent channel power .17
7.3.1 Definition.17
7.3.2 Method of measurement .17
7.3.2.1 General remarks .17
7.3.2.2 Method of measurement using a power measuring receiver .17
7.3.2.3 Power measuring receiver specification.18
7.3.3 Limits.19
7.4 Frequency deviation .19
7.4.1 Maximum permissible frequency deviation.19
7.4.1.1 Definition .19
7.4.1.2 Method of measurement.19
7.4.1.3 Limits .20
7.4.2 Response of the transmitter at modulation frequencies above 3 kHz .20
7.4.2.1 Definition .20
7.4.2.2 Method of measurement.20
7.4.2.3 Limits .20
7.5 Intermodulation attenuation.20
7.5.1 Definition.20
7.5.2 Method of measurement .20
7.5.3 Limits.21
7.6 Spurious emissions.21
7.6.1 Definition.21
7.6.2 Method of measurement .21
7.6.3 Limit .22
8 Receiver.22
8.1 Receiver sensitivity .22
8.1.1 Definition.22
8.1.2 Method of measurement .22
8.1.3 Limits.23
8.2 Spurious radiation.23
8.2.1 Definition.23
8.2.2 Method of measurement .23
8.2.3 Limit .24
9 Measurement uncertainties.24
Annex A (normative): The EN Requirements Table (EN-RT) .25
Bibliography.26
History .27
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://www.etsi.org/ipr).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Candidate Harmonized European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical
Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [7] laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical
standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Directive 1999/5/EC [1] of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual
recognition of their conformity ("the R&TTE Directive").
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 21 July 2000
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 October 2000
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 April 2001
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 April 2001
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio and
telecommunications terminal equipment under the R&TTE Directive [1]. Each standard is a module in the structure.
The modular structure is shown in figure 1.
Disability*
3.3f
Emergency*
3.3e
Fraud*
3.3d
3.3c
Privacy*
No harm to the network*
3.3b
* If needed
Scoped by
Inter-working via the network*
equipment
3.3a class or type
Inter-working with the network
Use of spectrum
3.2
New radio harmonised standards
Spectrum
Scoped by frequency and/or equipment type
Radio Product EMC
Existing EMC standards to be replaced
by a new, single, multi-part standard
3.1b
EMC
Generic and product standards also notified under EMC Directive
New standards for human exposure to Electromagnetic Fields
and, if needed, new standards for acoustic safety
3.1a
Standards also notified under LV Directive
Safety
Non-radio Radio (RE)
TTE Non-TTE
Figure 1: Modular structure for the various standards used under the R&TTE Directive [1]
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
The left hand edge of the figure 1 shows the different subclauses of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1].
For article 3.3 various horizontal boxes are shown. Dotted lines indicate that at the time of publication of the present
document essential requirements in these areas have to be adopted by the Commission. If such essential requirements
are adopted, and as far and as long as they are applicable, they will justify individual standards whose scope is likely to
be specified by function or interface type.
The vertical boxes show the standards under article 3.2 for the use of the radio spectrum by radio equipment. The
scopes of these standards are specified either by frequency (normally in the case where frequency bands are
harmonized) or by radio equipment type.
For article 3.1b the diagram shows the new single multi-part product EMC standard for radio, and the existing
collection of generic and product standards currently used under the EMC Directive [2]. The parts of this new standard
will become available in the second half of 2000, and the existing separate product EMC standards will be used until it
is available.
For article 3.1a the diagram shows the existing safety standards currently used under the LV Directive [3] and new
standards covering human exposure to electromagnetic fields. New standards covering acoustic safety may also be
required.
The bottom of the figure shows the relationship of the standards to radio equipment and telecommunications terminal
equipment. A particular equipment may be radio equipment, telecommunications terminal equipment or both. A radio
spectrum standard will apply if it is radio equipment. An article 3.3 standard will apply as well only if the relevant
essential requirement under the R&TTE Directive [1] is adopted by the Commission and if the equipment in question is
covered by the scope of the corresponding standard. Thus, depending on the nature of the equipment, the essential
requirements under the R&TTE Directive [1] may be covered in a set of standards.
The modularity principle has been taken because:
- it minimizes the number of standards needed. Because equipment may, in fact, have multiple interfaces and
functions it is not practicable to produce a single standard for each possible combination of functions that may
occur inanequipment;
- it provides scope for standards to be added:
- under article 3.2 when new frequency bands are agreed; or
- under article 3.3 should the Commission take the necessary decisions;
without requiring alteration of standards that are already published;
- it clarifies, simplifies and promotes the usage of Harmonized Standards as the relevant means of conformity
assessment.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
1 Scope
The present document applies to CT1 and CT1+ cordless telephone terminal equipment.
These cordless telephone equipment types are capable of operating in all or any part of the frequency bands given in
table 1:
Table 1: Cordless Telephone service frequency bands
Cordless Telephone service frequency bands
Portable Part CT1 914,0125 MHz to 914,9875 MHz
Fixed Part CT1 959,0125 MHz to 959,9875 MHz
Portable Part CT1+ 885,0125 MHz to 886,9875 MHz
Fixed Part CT1+ 930,0125 MHz to 931,9875 MHz
It should be noted that the above frequency bands are not harmonized throughout the community.
The existence of this Harmonized Standard does not imply the availability of the above frequency spectrum for the
particular types of equipment covered by the present document.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC [1] (R&TTE Directive) Article 3.2,
which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it effectively uses the spectrum allocated to
terrestrial/space radio communications and orbital resources so as to avoid harmful interference."
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of Article 3 of the R&TTE Directive [1] will apply to equipment within the scope of the present
document.
NOTE: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, Version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest Version applies.
• A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later Versions published as an EN with the
same number.
[1] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[2] Council Directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive).
[3] Council Directive 73/23/EEC of 19 February 1973 on the harmonization of the laws of the
Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits
(LV Directive).
[4] ETSI ETS 300 086 (1991): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Land mobile group; Technical
characteristics and test conditions for radio equipment with an internal or external RF connector
intended primarily for analogue speech".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
[5] ITU-T Recommendation O.41: "Psophometer for use on telephone-type circuits".
[6] ETSI ETR 028 (1994): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement
of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[7] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions in the R&TTE Directive [1], and the following term
and definition applies:
Environmental profile: range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the present
document is required to comply with the provisions of the present document.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
CFP Cordless Fixed Part
CPP Cordless Portable Part
CT Cordless Telephone
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
LV Low Voltage
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RE Radio Equipment
4 Principles of operation and general requirements
4.1 Procedure to set up the RF connection between fixed and
portable part
Both fixed and portable part comprises a transmitter and a receiver which will perform full duplex operation. When the
need for a radio frequency channel arises in any of the parts of a cordless telephone, this part will act in general as
follows:
a) the initiating part searches for an idle duplex channel. A channel is considered to be idle if the initiating part of
the cordless telephone senses that the radio frequency field strength on that specific channel is below a specified
limit;
b) on the idle (duplex) channel, found under a), the initiating part starts transmitting signals to the desired part of
the same cordless telephone. These signals contain an identification code which offers at least 999999 different
combinations;
c) the receiver of each part of a cordless telephone is constantly scanning, searching for a signal which contains its
matching identification code. Upon detection of this code, the receiver stops scanning and initiates its transmitter to
return its identification code to the initiating part on this duplex channel;
d) as the receiver of the initiating part detects its matching identification code on the return frequency of the selected
duplex channel, the duplex channel becomes available.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
4.2 Operating frequencies
Due to the fact, that the operating frequencies of CT1 are not available in all countries, the equipment shall fulfil
requirements for frequency set of CT1 and/or CT1+.
CT1: Channel number and Transmitting frequencies
Portable part Fixed part
1 914,0125 MHz 959,0125 MHz
2 914,0375 MHz 959,0375 MHz
3 914,0625 MHz 959,0625 MHz
…
…
38 914,9375 MHz 959,9375 MHz
39 914,9625 MHz 959,9625 MHz
40 914,9875 MHz 959,9875 MHz
CT1+: Channel number and Transmitting frequencies
Portable part Fixed part
1 885,0125 MHz 930,0125 MHz
2 885,0375 MHz 930,0375 MHz
3 885,0625 MHz 930,0625 MHz
…
…
78 886,9375 MHz 931,9375 MHz
79 886,9625 MHz 931,9625 MHz
80 886,9875 MHz 931,9875 MHz
For the frequency band of CT1+ the equipment may work with fixed blocks of more than 39 channels, if the equal use
of all channels is maintained.
4.3 General requirements
4.3.1 Modulation
Only constant envelope analogue angle modulation shall be used.
4.3.2 Antenna
The antenna of the Cordless Fixed Part (CFP) and the antenna of the Cordless Portable Part (CPP), shall be an integral
antenna. The CFP and the CPP may be fitted with a permanent internal or a temporary internal 50 Ω RF connector
which allows access to the transmitter output and the receiver input for measurement purposes.
The use of an external antenna connector is not allowed.
4.3.3 Threshold level for field strength and minimum observation time
To determine the availability of a channel during the scanning procedure the parts of a cordless telephone shall be
equipped with a detector which provides a sensing facility corresponding to the field strength. A channel shall be
considered as not in use if the median level of the field strength is lower than +20 dB relative to 1 microvolt per metre.
The minimum observation time before a channel is considered to be available shall be 100 milliseconds.
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
4.3.4 Scanning time
When a call is initiated, the scanning procedure shall start immediately.
In case the call is initiated by an incoming ringing signal from the telephone line, the scanning procedure shall start
within one second after detection of the ringing signal.
When a free channel is located the initiating part shall transmit identification signals for not longer than 3 seconds. If a
matching response has not been received by the initiating part after 3 seconds, it recommences searching for another
free channel. In the case of an incoming call this procedure continues as long as there is an incoming ringing signal.
4.3.5 Termination of the RF connection and line connection
4.3.5.1 Termination of the RF connection
When the RF connection is to be terminated, the part of the cordless telephone which initiates the termination shall
transmit 4 times a coded termination message, including the identification code which would be used for initiating a RF
connection. The RF circuit shall then be disconnected and the cordless telephone shall return to the idle condition.
4.3.5.2 Interruption of a connection due to low field strength
A CPP is considered to be "out of range" if the median level of the field strength at a receiving part is at a level less than
6 dB above the level for free channel subclause 4.3.3. The line connection and RF connection in use by the cordless
telephone shall be terminated automatically if the CPP has remained "out of range" for more than 10 ± 1 seconds.
4.3.6 Power supply for CPP
The supply voltage is considered to be insufficient if it is lower than the lowest voltage which is mentioned under
"extreme test voltages" for the applicable type of power source. If the supply voltage is insufficient it shall not be
possible to establish a RF connection. Means shall be provided to indicate the supply voltage situation on a CPP.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Tests shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses 5.2 to 5.5.
5.2 Test power source
During tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by a test power source, capable of producing normal
and extreme test voltages as specified in subclauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of the test power source
shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of tests, the voltage of the power
source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment.
If the equipment is provided with a permanently connected power cable, the test voltage shall be that measured at the
point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
In equipment with incorporated batteries the test power source shall be applied as close to the battery terminals as
practicable.
During tests the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of ±3 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test.
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
- Temperature +15°C to +35°C;
- Relative humidity 20 % to 75 %.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency
The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose
of testing according to this present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage or any of the declared
voltages for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source shall be the nominal ac
frequency.
5.3.2.2 Other power sources
For operation from other sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that
declared by the equipment manufacturer and agreed by the test laboratory.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
subclause 5.5, at the following upper and lower temperatures:
- 0°C to +55°C.
5.4.2 Extreme test voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage and frequency
The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %. The frequency shall be an ac frequency between 49 and 51 Hz.
5.4.2.2 Other power sources
The lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using the following batteries shall be:
- for the Leclanché or the lithium type of battery: 0,85 times the nominal voltage of the battery;
- for the mercury or nickel-cadmium type of battery: 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery.
No upper extreme test voltages apply.
For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme
test voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the test laboratory and shall be recorded
with the results.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
5.5 Procedure for test at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period.
In the case of equipment containing temperature stabilization circuits designed to operate continuously, the temperature
stabilization circuits may be switched on for 15 minutes after thermal balance has been obtained, and the equipment
shall then meet the specified requirements. For such equipment the manufacturer shall provide for the power source
circuit feeding the crystal oven to be independent of the power source of the rest of the equipment.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and
the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.5.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation
As a CT is being used for continuous operation, the test procedure shall be as follows.
Before tests at the upper extreme temperature the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermal
balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on in the transmit condition for a period of half an hour after
which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements.
For tests at the lower extreme temperatures the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance is
attained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for a period of one minute after which the equipment shall
meet the specified requirements.
6 General conditions
6.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver
Sources of test signals are applied to the receiver via an internal antenna connector or a test antenna (subclause 6.5).
If no temporary or permanent internal antenna connector is available, then the test fixture (subclause 6.4) shall be used
instead.
The signal sources shall in all cases present an impedance of 50 Ω .
This requirement shall be met irrespective of whether one or more signals are applied to the receiver simultaneously.
The effects of any intermodulation products and noise produced in the signal generators should be negligible.
6.2 Receiver circuitry
6.2.1 Receiver mute or squelch circuit
The receiver mute or squelch circuit shall be made inoperative for the duration of the tests.
6.3 Normal test modulation
For normal test modulation, the modulation frequency shall be 1 kHz and the resulting frequency deviation shall be
±3 kHz.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
6.4 Test fixture
The manufacturer may be required to supply a test fixture suitable to allow relative measurements to be made on the
submitted sample.
The test laboratory may provide its own test fixture.
A test fixture shall provide a 50 Ω radio frequency terminal at the working frequencies of the equipment to the
measuring instruments.
The performance characteristics of this test fixture under normal and extreme conditions are subject to the approval of
the test laboratory.
The characteristics of interest to the test laboratory will be that:
a) the coupling loss shall not be excessive, that is, not greater than 20 dB;
b) the variation of coupling loss with frequency shall not cause errors exceeding 2 dB in the operating frequency
band in measurements using the test fixture;
c) the coupling device shall not include any non-linear elements.
6.5 Test site and general arrangement for measurements
involving the use of radiated fields
6.5.1 Test site
The test site shall be on a reasonably level surface or ground.
At one point on the site, a ground plane of at least 5 metres diameter shall be provided. In the middle of this ground
plane, a non-conducting support, capable of rotation through 360° in the horizontal plane, shall be used to support the
test sample at 1,5 metres above the ground plane.
The test site shall be large enough to allow the erection of a measuring or transmitting antenna at a distance of at least 3
metres.
The distance actually used shall be recorded with the results of the test carried out on the site. Sufficient precautions
shall be taken to ensure that reflections from extraneous objects adjacent to the site and ground reflections do not
degrade the measurement results.
A guidance on the use of radiation test sites is given in ETS 300 086 [4], annex A.
6.5.2 Optional indoor test site
When the frequency of the signals being measured is greater than 80 MHz, use may be made of an indoor site. If this
alternative is used, this shall be recorded in the test report. The measurement site may be a laboratory room with a
minimum area of 6 m by 7 m and at least 2,7 m height.
Apart from the measuring apparatus and the operator, the room shall be as free as possible from reflecting objects other
than the walls, floor and ceiling.
The potential reflections from the wall behind the equipment under test are reduced by placing a barrier of absorbent
material in front of it. The corner reflector around the test antenna is used to reduce the effect of the reflections from the
opposite wall and from the floor and ceiling in case of horizontally polarized measurements. Similarly, the corner
reflector reduces the effects of reflections from the side walls for vertically polarized measurements. For the lower part
of the frequency range (below approximately 175 MHz) no corner reflector or absorbent barrier is needed. For practical
reasons, the lambda/2 antenna in ETS 300 086 [4], annex A, figure A.2 may be replaced by an antenna of constant
length, provided that the length is between lambda/4 and lambda at the frequency of measurement and the sensitivity of
the measuring system is sufficient. In the same way the distance of lambda/2 to the apex may be varied.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 301 796 V1.1.1 (2000-09)
The test antenna, measuring receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated generator are used in a way similar to that of
the general method.
To ensure that the errors are not caused by the propagation path approaching the point at which phase cancellation
between direct and the remaining reflected signals occurs, the substitution antenna shall be moved through a distance of
±0,1 m in the direction of the antenna as well as in the two directions perpendicular to this first direction.
If these changes of distance cause a signal change of greater than 2 dB, the test sample should be re-positioned until a
change of less than 2 dB is obtained.
Ceiling
1,35 m
>
Absorbing material
Reference point
Corner reflector
of test sample
Wall
Feeder to test λ
/2 Test antenna
receiver or signal
generator
45°
0,75 m
3-4m
λ
/2
> 0,6 m
1,35 m
>
Floor
Figure 2: Indoor site arrangement (shown for horizontal polarization)
6.5.3 Test antenna
The test antenna is used to detect the radiation from both the test sample and the substitution antenna, when the site is
used for radiation measurements: where necessary, it is used as a transmitting antenna, when the site is used for the
measurement of receiver characteristics. This antenna is mounted on a support such as to allow the antenna to be used in
either the horizontal or vertical polarization and for the height of its center above ground to be varied over the range
1 to 4 metres. Preferably a test antenna with pronounced directivity should be used. The size of the test antenna along
the measurement axis shall not exceed 20 % of the measuring distance.
For radiation measurements, the test antenna is connected to a test receiver, capable of being tuned to any frequency
under investigation and of measuring accurately the relative levels of signals at its input. When necessary (for receiver
measurements) the test receiver is replaced by a signal source.
6.5.4 Substitution antenna
The substitution antenna shall be a lambda/2 dipole, resonant at the frequency under consideration, or a shortened
dipole, calibrated to the lambda/2 dipole. The center of this antenna shall coincide with the reference point of the test
sample it has replaced. This reference point shall be the volume center of the sample when its antenna is mounted inside
the cabinet, or the point where an external antenna is connected to the cabin
...