SIST EN ISO 22476-5:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
01-september-2012
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Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
(ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012)
Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung - Felduntersuchungen - Teil 5: Versuch mit
dem flexiblen Dilatometer (ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place - Partie 5: Essai au
dilatomètre flexible (ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN ISO 22476-5
ICS:
93.020 Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Earthworks. Excavations.
Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod Foundation construction.
zemljo Underground works
kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012


EUROPEAN STANDARD
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN ISO 22476-5
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

May 2012
ICS 93.020
English Version
Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 5:
Flexible dilatometer test (ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques - Essais en place Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -
- Partie 5: Essai au dilatomètre flexible (ISO/FDIS 22476- Felduntersuchungen - Teil 5: Versuch mit dem flexiblen
5:2012) Dilatometer (ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 341.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3

2

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341
“Geotechnical Investigation and Testing", the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 "Geotechnics".
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
3

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22476-5
ISO/182/SC 1
Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Secretariat: DIN
Field testing —
Voting begins on:
2012-05-24
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Flexible dilatometer test
2012-07-24
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais en place —
Partie 5: Essai au dilatomètre flexible
Please see the administrative notes on page iii
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR­
TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 22476­5:2012(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2012

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright­protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording
or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E­mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
This final draft has been developed within the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), and
processed under the CEN-lead mode of collaboration as defined in the Vienna Agreement. The final draft
was established on the basis of comments received during a parallel enquiry on the draft.
This final draft is hereby submitted to the ISO member bodies and to the CEN member bodies for a parallel
two­month approval vote in ISO and two month formal vote in CEN.
Positive votes shall not be accompanied by comments.
Negative votes shall be accompanied by the relevant technical reasons.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 3
4 Equipment . 5
4.1 General . 5
4.2 Dilatometer probe . 6
4.3 Pressure control and displacement measuring units . 8
4.4 Connecting lines . 8
4.5 Measurement and control accuracy . 8
4.6 Data logging . 9
5 Test procedure . 9
5.1 Safety requirements . 9
5.2 Assembly of parts . 9
5.3 Calibration of the testing device and corrections of readings . 9
5.4 Uncertainties of measurement .10
5.5 Preparation for the sounding .10
5.6 Pocket drilling and device placing .10
5.7 Test execution . 11
5.8 End of loading .12
5.9 Back-filling of borehole .12
6 Test results .12
6.1 Basic equations .12
6.2 Loading test .13
6.3 Constant pressure tests (procedure D) .16
6.4 Uncorrected and corrected graphs .17
7 Test report .18
7.1 General .18
7.2 Reporting of results .18
7.3 Choice of axis scaling .20
7.4 Presentation of test results .20
Annex A (normative) Calibration and corrections .21
Annex B (normative) Performing the test .24
Annex C (normative) Field report and G results .28
FDT
Annex D (normative) Accuracy and uncertainties .30
Bibliography .31
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22476-5 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 182,
Geotechnics, Subcommittee SC 1, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
ISO 22476 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Field testing:
— Part 1: Electrical cone and piezocone penetration tests
— Part 2: Dynamic probing
— Part 3: Standard penetration test
— Part 4:Ménard pressuremeter test
— Part 5: Flexible dilatometer test
— Part 7: Borehole jack test
— Part 9: Field vane test
— Part 10: Weight sounding test [Technical Specification]
— Part 11: Flat dilatometer test [Technical Specification]
— Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM)
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Introduction
The results of dilatometer tests are used for deformation calculations provided that the range of stresses
applied in the test are representative of the stresses to be applied by the proposed structure. Local experience
normally improves the application of the results. In addition, for identification and classification of the ground,
the results of sampling (according to ISO 22475­1) from each borehole are available for the evaluation of the
tests. Identification and classification results (ISO 14688-1 and ISO 14689-1) are available from every separate
ground layer within the desired investigation depth (see EN 1997­2:2007, 2.4.1.4(2)P, 4.1(1)P and 4.2.3(2)P).
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Field testing —
Part 5:
Flexible dilatometer test
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22476 is applicable to field testing using the flexible dilatometer test as part of geotechnical
investigation and testing according to EN 1997-1 [1] and EN 1997-2 [2].
This part of ISO 22476 is applicable to tests in ground stiff enough not to be adversely affected by the
drilling operation.
This part of ISO 22476 is applicable to four procedures for conducting a test with the flexible dilatometer.
This part of ISO 22476 applies to tests performed up to 1 800 m depth. Testing can be conducted either on
land or off­shore.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including amendments) applies.
ISO 10012, Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and
measuring equipment
ISO 14688­1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of soil — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 14689­1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Identification and classification of rock — Part 1:
Identification and description
ISO 22475­1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Sampling methods and groundwater measurements —
Part 1: Technical principles for execution
EN 791, Drill rigs — Safety
EN 996, Piling equipment — Safety requirements
ENV 13005:1999, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1.1
flexible dilatometer
cylindrical flexible probe which can be expanded by the application of hydraulic pressure or pressurized gas
and which contains transducers for the measurement of the displacements of the flexible membrane and of the
internal pressure
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
3.1.2
equipment for flexible dilatometer test
complete equipment which is necessary to carry out a flexible dilatometer test: the probe, a hydraulic pump or
high­pressure gas in bottles, a measuring unit and cables to connect the probe to the measuring unit and the
hydraulic pump or the gas bottle
NOTE The parts which are necessary to bring the flexible dilatometer probe to the testing point are not included.
3.1.3
dilatometer sounding
whole series of successive operations in a given borehole, i.e. forming dilatometer pockets and performing
dilatometer tests in them
3.1.4
dilatometer test pocket
cylindrical cavity with circular cross­section drilled into the ground to receive the dilatometer probe
3.1.5
flexible dilatometer test
process of expanding the flexible dilatometer so as to press the flexible membrane against the pocket wall and
so measure the associated expansion as a function of pressure and time (see Figure 1)
3.1.6
nominal diameter of the pocket
diameter of the pocket at the time of application of the seating pressure
3.1.7
seating pressure
pressure during the expansion of the dilatometer at which the dilatometer membrane contacts the pocket wall
3.1.8
pressure increment
fixed increase of pressure in the flexible dilatometer, according to a pre-determined programme and recorded
in the control unit
NOTE It can also be a decrement.
3.1.9
diametral pocket displacement
displacement of pocket wall caused by an increase or decrease of any pressure
3.1.10
diameter increase/decrease
change in flexible dilatometer diameter and in pocket wall displacement caused by a pressure
increment/decrement, and recorded in the measurement unit
3.1.11
flexible dilatometer curve
graphical plot of pressure versus the associated pocket wall displacement
3.1.12
flexible dilatometer shear modulus, G
FDT
shear modulus calculated from the slope over various intervals of pressure and pocket wall displacement
3.1.13
flexible dilatometer modulus, E
FDT
Young’s modulus calculated from the slope over various intervals of pressure and pocket wall displacement
3.1.14
depth of test
distance between the ground level and the centre of the expanding length of the dilatometer measured along
the borehole axis (see Figure 2)
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
3.1.15
operator
qualified person who carries out the test
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in Table 1 apply.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
−1
a
Membrane compression coefficient in variant B dilatometer mm.MPa
d Corrected pocket diameter mm
d Corrected pocket diameter at time t mm
1 1
d Corrected pocket diameter at time t mm
2 2
d Compression calibration cylinder diameter mm
c
d External diameter of the dilatometer mm
d
d Pocket diameter as read at the measuring unit mm
r
d Nominal diameter of the pocket after application of the seating pressure mm
s
E Young’s Modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
FDT
G Loading shear modulus in procedure C MPa
1
G Shear modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
FDT
G Loading shear modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
L
G Reloading shear modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
R
G Unloading shear modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
U
G Unloading/reloading shear modulus of flexible dilatometer test MPa
UR
k Creep parameter mm
f
L Length of the expanding part of the probe mm
FD
L Axial distance between transducer or LVDT section and membrane mm
g
clamping ring
L Length of the measuring segment of the dilatometer mm
d
p Applied pressure after correction MPa
p Constant full relief pressure for loops in procedure A MPa
1.1
p Pressure at reversal point at first loop MPa
1
p Pressure at reversal point at second loop MPa
2
p Pressure at reversal point at third loop MPa
3
p Maximum applied pressure during a test MPa
max
p Pressure loss associated with membrane stiffness MPa
m
p Range of applied pressure in loading phase no. i MPa
Li
p Range of applied pressure in reloading phase no. i MPa
Ri
p Range of applied pressure in unloading phase no. i MPa
Ui
p Pressure as read at the measuring unit MPa
r
p Seating pressure MPa
s
p Yield pressure during dilatometer test in procedure C MPa
y
t
Time min
t Time 1 of a constant pressure test min
1
t Time 2 of a constant pressure test min
2
z Test depth m
Δd Increase of diametral displacement of the pocket mm
r
Δd
Corrected increase of diametral pocket displacement mm
Δp Increment of applied pressure as read on the control unit MPa
r
Δp Corrected increment of applied pressure MPa
ν Poisson’s ratio –
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
4 Equipment
4.1 General
The test with the flexible dilatometer is performed by the expanding of a flexible dilatometer membrane placed
in the ground (see Figure 1). The pressure applied to, and the associated expansion of the probe are measured
and recorded so as to obtain a stress­displacement relationship for the ground as tested.
Key
1 ground surface
2 borehole wall
3 pocket
4 expanding dilatometer probe
p applied pressure
A­A axial section
B­B cross section
Figure 1 — Example of a flexible dilatometer test
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
The equipment to carry out dilatometer tests shall consist of the components shown in Figure 2.
Key
1 setting rods (optional)
2 displacement measuring unit (obligatory)
3 pressure control unit (obligatory)
4 pressure source (obligatory)
5 signal cable (obligatory)
6 pressure line (obligatory)
7 sediment collection tube (optional)
8 flexible dilatometer probe (obligatory)
9 data logger (optional)
z test depth
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of flexible dilatometer equipment
NOTE Sometimes, setting rods are necessary to push the probe into a tight pocket. They also allow orientation of the
instrument. They are also needed in case it becomes difficult to extract the probe at the end of the test and hammering
out is required.
Borehole diameters should be 76 mm, 96 mm, and 101 mm, according to ISO 22475­1.
The external diameter d of the flexible dilatometer when deflated shall be some 3 mm to 6 mm smaller than
d
the nominal diameter of the borehole.
The pressure applied to the membrane shall be measured by one or more electric transducers in the instrument
(see Figure 3).
4.2 Dilatometer probe
The expansion of the borehole shall be monitored by three or more electric transducers.
In variant A, the diametral displacement shall be measured with electric transducers, which shall penetrate the
membrane and shall directly bear on the borehole wall (Figure 3, left.). This variant shall be primarily used in
rocks (Rock dilatometer, RDT, see EN 1997­2:2007, 4.5).
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
a) Variant A b) Variant B
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 7

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
Key
1 membrane
2 pressure transducer
3 fluid or gas
4 displacement transducers
5 setting rod
6 pressure line
7 signal cable
8 metal insert at both ends of each displacement transducer (variant A)
9 sediment collection tube
10 membrane clamping ring
11 compass (if applicable)
d external diameter of the dilatometer
d
L length of the expanding part of the dilatometer
FD
L axial distance between transducer and clamping ring
g
L length of the measuring segment of the dilatometer
d
NOTE 1 On this sketch there are three displacement transducers (No. 4) at 120° from each other.
NOTE 2 For variant A, the third No. 4 transducer is represented lengthwise with its metal inserts (No. 8) at both ends.
Figure 3 — Sketch of flexible dilatometer (not to scale)
The expanding length L of the probe shall exceed (5,5d+ L ). The measuring segment L shall not exceed 1,5d .
FD d d d d
In variant B, the diametral displacement shall be measured by electrical transducers placed at the inner wall
of the membrane (Figure 3 b). Because membrane compression influences the readings of pressure and
displacement, proper corrections shall be determined by corresponding calibration (see A.3). Variant B shall
be primarily used in soils (Soil dilatometer, SDT, see EN 1997­2:2007, 4.5).
4.3 Pressure control and displacement measuring units
The pressure control and displacement measuring units shall control the probe expansion and permit the
reading of liquid or gas pressure and displacement as a function of time.
The pressurizing system (3 and 4 in Figure 2) shall allow:
— reaching a pressure at least equal to 20 MPa;
— implementing a pressure increment of 0,5 MPa as measured on the pressure control unit in less than 20 s;
— stopping the injection when necessary.
4.4 Connecting lines
The pressure line and signal cable shall connect the pressure control and displacement measuring units to
the probe. The pressure line shall convey the fluid to the probe either parallel or coaxial with the signal cable.
4.5 Measurement and control accuracy
4.5.1 Time
The accuracy of the device used to measure time must be one second.
4.5.2 Pressure and displacement
The maximum uncertainty of measurement of the devices measuring pressure and displacement shall be as
specified in 5.4.
8 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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kSIST FprEN ISO 22476-5:2012
ISO/FDIS 22476-5:2012(E)
4.5.3 Display of readings
At the site the pressure control and displacement measuring units shall give a simultaneous and instantaneous
display of the following readings: time, pressure of the fluid injected into the probe and diametral displacements.
4.5.4 Membrane compression calibration cylinder
The main dimensions of the steel cylinder serving the calibration for membrane compression shall be as follows:
— a known inside diameter which closely fits the deflated instrument;
— a wall thickness appropriate to the maximum pressure to be applied;
— a length appropriately greater than the expanding length of the instrument.
4.6 Data logging
If the data are not recorded manually, a data logging system shall be available to record the readings from the
transducers, calibration data and the resulting readings of pressure and displacement.
5 Test procedure
5.1 Safety requirements
Regarding environmental protection, national standards and local regulations shall be applied as long as
respective international standards are not available.
National safety regulations shall be followed, for instance for:
— personal health and safety equipment,
— clean air if working in confined spaces
...