SIST-TS CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
Železniške naprave - Trenje na stiku kolo-tirnica - 1-3. del: Oprema in uporaba -
Lepilni materiali
Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and
application - Adhesion materials
Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3:
Vorrichtungen und Anwendung - Kraftschlusserhöhende Materialien
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du frottement roue/rail - Partie 1-3 : Équipement et
application - Matériau d'adhésion
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2023
ICS:
45.040 Materiali in deli za železniško Materials and components
tehniko for railway engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TS 15427-1-3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
October 2023
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
ICS 45.040 Supersedes CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021
English Version
Railway applications - Wheel/Rail Friction Management -
Part 1-3: Equipment and Application - Adhesion Materials
Applications ferroviaries - Gestion du frottement Bahnanwendungen - Reibungsmanagement zwischen
roue/rail - Partie 1-3 : Équipement et application - Rad und Schiene - Teil 1-3: Vorrichtungen und
Matériau d'adhésion Anwendung - Kraftschlusserhöhende Materialien
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 30 August 2023 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to
submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS
available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in
parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General . 8
4.1 Purpose . 8
4.2 Application . 9
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Design of trainborne equipment . 10
5.3 Installation of trainborne equipment . 10
5.4 Operations, inspection and maintenance . 11
5.5 Application . 11
5.6 Verification . 12
6 Requirements for trackside equipment . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Design of trackside equipment . 13
6.3 Installation of trackside equipment . 14
6.4 Operation, inspection and maintenance . 14
6.5 Application . 14
6.6 Verification . 15
Annex A (informative) Types of trainborne equipment. 16
A.1 Introduction . 16
A.2 Trainborne equipment - Sand application to the active interface . 16
A.3 Trackside equipment - applicator for traction gels . 18
Annex B (informative) Guidance on approvals testing and verification . 19
B.1 General . 19
B.2 Trials . 20
B.2.1 General . 20
B.2.2 Monitoring . 20
B.2.3 Outcome of trial . 20
Annex C (informative) Guideline braking tests for adhesion materials (trainborne and
trackside equipment) . 21
C.1 General . 21
C.2 Choosing the right test vehicle: . 21
C.3 Trainborne equipment . 21
C.4 Test track . 22
C.5 Test conditions . 22
C.6 Conducted tests . 22
C.7 Testing proactive adhesion material . 22
C.7.1 Test purpose . 22
C.7.2 Test procedure . 22
C.7.3 Test cases . 22
C.7.4 Application adhesion material . 23
C.7.5 Assessment criterion . 23
C.8 Testing reactive adhesion material: . 23
C.8.1 Test purpose . 23
C.8.2 Reference braking distance . 23
C.8.3 Application adhesion material . 23
C.8.4 Point of braking . 23
C.8.5 Assessment criterion . 23
C.9 Effect on brake blocks and magnetic track brakes . 23
C.10 Application efficiency of adhesion material . 24
C.10.1 General . 24
C.10.2 Purpose . 24
C.10.3 Angle of nozzle for adhesion materials without adhesive properties . 24
Bibliography . 26

European foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256
“Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021.
CEN/TS 15427-1-3:2021:
— document has been editorially updated based on the feedback received on the previous edition;
— corrections and clarifications have been introduced based on the feedback received on the previous
edition;
— consistency with the other parts of the series has been improved.
This document is part of the following series:
— EN 15427-1-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 1-1: Equipment and
Application – Flange lubrication;
— CEN/TS 15427-1-2, Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Part 1-2: Equipment and
application – Top of rail materials;
— CEN/TS 15427-1-3, Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Part 1-3: Equipment and
application – Adhesion materials;
— EN 15427-2-1, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-1: Properties and
Characteristics – Flange lubricants;
— CEN/TS 15427-2-2, Railway applications - Wheel/rail friction management - Part 2-2: Properties and
characteristics – Top of rail materials;
— CEN/TS 15427-2-3, Railway applications - Wheel/Rail friction management - Part 2-3: Properties and
Characteristics – Adhesion materials;
— CEN/prTR 15427-3, Railway applications – Wheel/Rail friction management – Part 3: Rationale for
requirements and further background information.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
Friction management using solid or fluid (oil, grease, etc.) substances at the wheel-rail interface is a
complex subject and includes:
— lubrication of the wheel flange/ rail gauge corner interface, commonly referred to as “flange or rail
lubrication”;
— lubrication of the back of flange/ check rail interface; commonly referred to as “check rail
lubrication”;
— controlling the level of friction at the interface between the top of rail and the wheel tread, commonly
referred to as “top of rail friction management”;
— applying materials to the wheel rail contact to increase (improve/ enhance/ recover) adhesion.
This document sets out requirements for the application for the adhesion materials. It describes systems
fitted on board trains and on the track, as both systems may need to be employed to achieve effective
adhesion.
Managing the wheel-rail interface effectively will reduce wheel slide and ensure reliable braking
performance. When friction is managed effectively, noise levels, wear levels and the risk of flange
climbing are reduced. Conversely, where not managed effectively, assets may require replacement
prematurely before reaching their full economic potential.
There needs to be control in the application of adhesion materials such that there is:
— no loss of traction or braking performance;
— no adverse effect on signalling systems or track circuits;
— no harmful environmental effect;
— compatibility between the different adhesion materials in use should be carefully considered,
particularly, between materials applied from on-board systems and trackside systems;
— no effect on the performance of the infrastructure.

1 Scope
This document is limited to specifying the requirements when applying adhesion material to the interface
between the wheel tread and the crown of the rail and includes both trainborne and trackside solutions.
This document only covers the equipment and application of adhesion material to the active interface.
This document defines:
— the characteristics that systems for the application of adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface
shall achieve, together with applicable inspection and test methods to be carried out for verification;
— all relevant terminology which is specific to the adhesion materials of the wheel-rail interface.
This document applies to the mainline railway.
NOTE 1 This document can also be used for other railways, e.g. urban rail.
NOTE 2 Where technologies are used to influence the wheel/rail interface, other than the application of an
adhesion material, this document is out of scope but can be used as guidance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13749, Railway applications — Wheelsets and bogies — Method of specifying the structural
requirements of bogie frames
CEN/TS 15427-2-3:2023, Railway application — Wheel/Rail friction management — Part 2-3: Properties
and Characteristics — Adhesion materials
EN 15595:2018, Railway applications — Braking — Wheel slide protection
EN 16834:2019, Railway applications — Braking — Brake performance
EN 50238-1, Railway applications — Compatibility between rolling stock and train detection systems —
Part 1: General
EN 61373, Railway applications — Rolling stock equipment — Shock and vibration tests (IEC 61373)

As impacted by EN 15595:2018/AC:2021.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
active interface
contact area between wheel tread and the crown of the rail
Note 1 to entry: Contact also occurs between the wheel flange root and the rail gauge corner but this interface is
not within the scope of this document.
Note 2 to entry: See Figures 1 and 2.
3.2
applicator
part of trackside/trainborne equipment that delivers the adhesion material to the active interface
EXAMPLE Nozzles, pipes or applicator bars.
3.3
trainborne equipment
type of equipment that delivers product to the active interface installed on a train
3.4
trackside equipment
type of equipment that delivers product to the active interface installed on or adjacent to the track
3.5
infrastructure manager
authority responsible for the infrastructure or their authorised representative
3.6
supplier
provider of equipment, material and/or support services
3.7
adhesion material
substance used to alter adhesion at the wheel/rail active interface
EXAMPLE Sand.
3.8
technical specification
document defining other or additional requirements not defined in this standard
Note 1 to entry: Usually this is produced by and agreed between the customer and/or the manufacturer
(sometimes called the supplier) or even a railway undertaking or an infrastructure manager and can be an
accompaniment to contractual requirements.
3.9
low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,08 to 0,05 according to EN 15595
3.10
very low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is in the range 0,05 to 0,03 according to EN 15595
3.11
extremely low adhesion
conditions where the wheel/rail adhesion is below 0,03 according to EN 15595
Note 1 to entry: Low, very low and extremely low will be referred to as low adhesion throughout the document.
3.12
wheel slide protection system WSP
system designed to make the best use of available wheel-rail adhesion (where this is less than the wheel-
rail adhesion demanded), and in some cases improve wheel-rail adhesion, by a controlled reduction and
restoration of the brake force to prevent wheelsets from locking and uncontrolled sliding, thereby
minimizing the extension of stopping or slowing distances and possible wheel damage
3.13
reactive application
application of the adhesion material when there is the demand from the relevant system
3.14
preventative application
planned application of adhesion material to reduce the risk of a low adhesion event
3.15
dry particles
conglomeration of discrete solid macroscopic particles with low moisture content
3.16
traction gel
traction enhancing product which can be pumped and applied as a fluid, and it consists of a suspension
of solid traction enhancing particles in a liquid or gel
4 General
4.1 Purpose
Where a low adhesion event is encountered, the application of adhesion material to the active interface
shall enhance/recover the adhesion without compromising the safe operation of the railway.
Where adhesion materials are applied as a preventative measure, the adhesion material shall reduce the
risk of a low adhesion event occurring.
The specific purpose for the use of adhesion materials and its equipment shall be understood before
deployment in order to achieve the desired outcome. (e.g. improved braking performance).
NOTE See CEN/TS 15427-2-3:2023, Wheel/Rail friction management – Properties and Characteristics -
Adhesion materials.
4.2 Application
The application equipment shall apply adhesion material to take effect in the active interface.
The adhesion material application equipment shall be designed to limit contamination of any other part
of the train or infrastructure.
Build-up of excess adhesion material on the train or infrastructure shall be avoided.
Where it is likely that adhesion material will come into contact with other materials when applied,
possible incompatibilities and undesirable performance shall be considered, such as sand and grease.
The applicator shall be adjustable such that it can be returned to its correct working position following
wheel or rail reprofiling or other maintenance changes.
NOTE See ERA/ERTMS/033281 Interfaces between control – command and signalling trackside and other
subsystems.
When changing to an alternative adhesion material in the equipment it shall be ensured that the
performance of the adhesion material application equipment meets the original requirements of the
client/the technical specification.
A method to determine when refilling is required shall be provided.
A method by which the equipment can be checked to ensure its functional status shall be provided.
Ensure the adhesion material being applied to the active interface, has been approved for use by the
relevant authorizing bodies (see Annex B).
5 Requirements for trainborne equipment
5.1 General
When applying to the active interface, the following shall be considered:
— method of braking (e.g. tread, disk or other);
— position and number of applicator(s) on the vehicle;
— di
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