ISO 23472-5:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23472-5
First edition
2022-02
Foundry machinery — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Cupola furnaces and pouring devices
and ladles
Machines de fonderie — Vocabulaire —
Partie 5: Cubilots et dispositifs de coulée et poches de coulées
Reference number
ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
© ISO 2022

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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Annex A (informative) Example of cupola furnace structure .11
Bibliography .12
Alphabetical index of terms .13
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 306, Foundry machinery.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23472 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
Introduction
Documentation gives rise to numerous international exchanges of both intellectual and material
nature. These exchanges often become difficult, either because of the great variety of terms used in
various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the absence of, or the imprecision
of, useful concepts.
To avoid misunderstandings due to this situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to
select terms to be used in various languages or in various countries to express the same concept, and
to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages.
The objects involved in the ISO 23472 series are foundry machines used in foundry production.
The purpose of the ISO 23472 series is to provide definitions in English that are rigorous, uncomplicated
and which can be understood by all concerned. The scope of each concept defined has been chosen to
provide a definition that is suitable for general application within foundry machinery, which includes
machines and equipment adapted in each stage of the processes within different casting processes.
As a metal thermoforming method that fills molten metal into the mold to produce machine parts or
rough parts after solidification, casting has a long history and various processes, and its technology
remains constantly developing and changing. According to the differences in the mold used, or different
ways of molten metal filling or solidification, casting processes are usually divided into sand casting,
permanent casting and other casting processes. According to different casting processes and different
stages of production, casting equipment covered by foundry machinery is divided into the following
major categories:
— molding and coremaking machines and other equipment related to non-permanent mold casting
process;
— die casting machines and other equipment related to permanent mold casting process;
— abrasive blasting machines and other equipment related to cleaning and finishing for casting;
— cupola furnaces and pouring devices and ladles.
This document only involves terms and definitions of cupola furnaces, pouring devices and ladles,
including basic concepts specifically concerning structural characteristics and functions, important
mechanisms and parts, main technological processes and parameters of various cupola furnaces and
their melting auxiliary equipment, burdening and charging equipment, pouring devices, ladles, molten
metal treatment and transfer equipment, and other related equipment (see Figure 1).
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Structure of vocabulary on cupola furnaces and pouring devices and ladles
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
Foundry machinery — Vocabulary —
Part 5:
Cupola furnaces and pouring devices and ladles
1 Scope
This document defines a set of terms and definitions for cupola furnaces, pouring devices and ladles in
foundry machinery.
It applies to standards development in the foundry machinery field, technical documentation, related
scientific and technical publications, etc.
This document is not applicable to process and equipment related to melting and pouring of nonferrous
metal.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
alloy loss rate
percentage of alloy oxidized during melting relative to the amount added
3.2
automatic ladle replacement system
complete set of devices that sends the ladle (3.43) with molten metal (3.49) inside to the changing
position and withdraws the empty ladle
3.3
automatic pouring machine
pouring equipment (3.56) that automatically and systematically completes the pouring process
according to the set procedure
3.4
automatic transfer system for molten metal
system that automatically transfers molten metal (3.49) among each working station by a ladle (3.43),
from the molten metal loading point, along a pre-set routing to the molten metal treatment station and
slag-off position, finally loading molten metal into the pouring machine
Note 1 to entry: The system can also complete the inoculation and/or spheroidization process according to
technical requirements during the transfer operation.
Note 2 to entry: The system usually includes a ladle transfer car (3.47) at the forehearth (3.29), a ladle for transfer,
a transfer rail, a ladle transfer car with rotating and turnover capabilities, a spheroidization station, slag-off
position, transfer safety warning facilities, etc.
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
3.5
blast intensity
blast volume (3.6) per unit cross-sectional area of the cupola furnace chamber (3.35) (melting zone
(3.52))
3 2
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in Nm /(m .min).
3.6
blast volume
air volume send into cupola furnace (3.20) per unit time
3
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in Nm /min.
3.7
blasting in
process of blowing air into the cupola furnace (3.20) through tuyeres (3.95)
3.8
bottom door
door at the bottom of the cupola furnace (3.20) for repairing lining
3.9
bottom pouring ladle
ladle (3.43) with an open-close mechanism to control the pouring of the molten metal (3.49) through a
nozzle at the bottom of ladle
3.10
bottom pouring machine
pouring equipment (3.56) with a bottom pouring ladle (3.9)
3.11
bottom pouring nozzle
cup-shaped nozzle installed on a hole on the bottom pouring ladle (3.9)
3.12
charging section
section of the cupola furnace (3.20) with an opening on top of the section for charging
3.13
coke
fuel that is burnt in the furnace for generating heat to melt the metal
3.14
coke bed
coke (3.13) layer in the cupola furnace (3.20) between the furnace bottom (3.32) and the lower end of
melting zone (3.52)
3.15
coke consumption ratio
ratio of coke (3.13) consumed in cupola melting to the mass of the molten metal (3.49) obtained
3.16
coke ratio
ratio of metallic charge (3.53) to coke (3.13) in mass during cupola furnace (3.20) melting
3.17
coke split
layer of coke (3.13) added into the cupola furnace (3.20) in between batches of metallic charge (3.53)
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
3.18
cokeless cupola furnace
cupola furnace (3.20) not using coke (3.13) as fuel
Note 1 to entry: Natural gas and other substitutes can be used as fuel.
3.19
combustion chamber
unit assembly for the external-heating hot blast cupola furnace (3.25) to burn carbon monoxide in
furnace gas or other fuels and to generate high temperature fume (3.30)
3.20
cupola furnace
cylindrical vertical melting furnace with pig iron, foundry returns and/or steel scrap as metallic charge
(3.53) for melting cast iron
Note 1 to entry: Cupola furnace melting is a process that produces heat through the reaction (combustion) of
fuel (for example, coke (3.13)) and oxygen, so that the metallic charge melts and overheats, and finally obtains
the required molten metal (3.49). In this process, the metallic charge is in direct contact with fuel and is blast-
assisted from the tuyere (3.95) for continuous melting.
Note 2 to entry: An example of cupola furnace structure is given in Figure A.1.
[SOURCE: ISO 23472-1:2020, 3.37, modified — The words “required molten iron” have been replaced by
“required molten metal” in Note 1 to entry and Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.21
dehumidification blast
blast method with moisture removed from air before entering the cupola furnace (3.20)
3.22
desulfurization
process of sulphur reduction in molten metal (3.49) by adding desulfurizer
3.23
desulfurization ladle
ladle (3.43) that desulfurizes molten metal (3.49) by blowing in nitrogen or inert gas from bottom holes
at the time of desulfurizer addition
3.24
effective height
vertical distance between the cross-section formed by the centre lines of the first ring of tuyeres (3.95)
and the cross-section formed by the lower rim of gas exit at the charging section (3.12)
3.25
external-heating hot blast cupola furnace
hot blast cupola furnace (3.40) that heats combustion-supporting gas in an external combustion chamber
(3.19) and blasts into the furnace
3.26
feeding level indicator
device for automatically detecting and displaying the height of charge stacked in the cupola furnace
(3.20)
3.27
fixed forehearth
forehearth (3.29) with a wall of which there is a tapping spout (3.85) and a slag spout (3.73), rigidly
connected to the cupola furnace (3.20) well (3.103) through the furnace bridge (3.33)
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ISO 23472-5:2022(E)
3.28
flux
non-metallic furnace charge added into the cupola furnace (3.20) to participate in slag (3.71) forming
during melting, such as limestone and fluorite
Note 1 to entry: It reduces the melting point and viscosity of slag, facilitating the separation of slag and molten
metal (3.49). In addition, it removes gas and impurities in the molten metal.
3.29
forehearth
container installed in front of the furnace body (3.31), through the furnace bridge (3.33) connected to
the furnace well (3.103), for storage of molten metal (3.49)
3.30
fume
high temperature gas mixture with furnace gas released during the cupola furnace (3.20) melting
process
3.31
furnace body
main structure part of the cupola furnace (3.20), usually referring to the zone from the furnace bottom
(3.32) to the charging section (3.12)
3.32
furnace bottom
platform at the bottom of the cupola furnace (3.20) to support the furnace body (3.31)
3.33
furnace bridge
runner
spout through which the molten metal (3.49) flows from the furnace well (3.103) to the forehearth (3.29)
3.34
furnace campaign
production time for continuous melting, which is the interval between two lining repairs with the same
sand bed
3.35
furnace chamber
space inside the furnace body (3.31) that has a melting zone (3.52) and a preheating zone (3.61) for
completion of the melting process
3.36
furnace shell
metallic shell of the furnace body (3.31)
3.37
graphite spheroidization treatment
process where a spheroidization agent is added into molten m
...