ISO 3377-2:2016
(Main)Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Part 2: Double edge tear
Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Part 2: Double edge tear
ISO 3377-2:2016 specifies a method for determining the tear strength of leather using a double edged tear. The method is sometimes described as the Baumann tear. It is applicable to all types of leather.
Cuir — Essais physiques et mécaniques — Détermination de la force de déchirement — Partie 2: Déchirement des deux bords
ISO 3377-2:2016 spécifie une méthode permettant de déterminer la résistance du cuir au déchirement de deux de ses bords. Cette méthode est parfois dénommée déchirement de Baumann. Elle est applicable à tous les types de cuir.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 14-Feb-2016
- Technical Committee
- IULTCS - International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies
- Current Stage
- 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
- Start Date
- 24-Oct-2025
- Completion Date
- 30-Oct-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 27-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 04-Nov-2015
Overview
ISO 3377-2:2016 defines the standardized method for determining the tear load of leather using the double edge tear test, also known as the Baumann tear. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), this standard is essential for accurately measuring the tear strength of all types of leather. It ensures consistent, reliable mechanical testing results by specifying precise sample preparation, test apparatus, and procedures.
This part of ISO 3377 supplements Part 1, which covers the single edge tear test, by focusing specifically on tear resistance measured through tearing from two edges. The method is widely recognized in the leather industry to assess durability, quality control, and product performance.
Key Topics
- Scope: Applicable to all leather types for evaluating resistance to tear load from two edges.
- Reference Standards: Includes ISO 2418 for sampling, ISO 2419 for sample preparation and conditioning, ISO 2589 for thickness measurement, and ISO 7500-1 for verifying testing machines.
- Test Principle: A rectangular leather specimen with a specific hole design is subjected to tensile force in a universal testing machine until it tears. The maximal tearing force is recorded.
- Apparatus Requirements:
- Testing machine with force range suitable to sample strength and recording accuracy of at least ±2%.
- Specialized specimen holders made from rigid steel strips to secure samples during tearing.
- Tools conforming to dimensional specifications to cut test specimens accurately.
- Specimen Preparation:
- Sampling according to ISO 2418.
- Preparation of six test specimens: three with the longer edge aligned parallel to the backbone (spine), and three perpendicular.
- Conditioning of specimens under standard atmospheres as per ISO 2419.
- Thickness measurement following ISO 2589.
- Test Procedure:
- Specimens are mounted on holders and loaded in the tensile tester at a controlled speed of 100 mm/min ± 20 mm/min.
- Testing is conducted until complete tearing occurs, capturing maximum tear force.
- Reporting Requirements: Test reports must include tear force averages for both grain directions, specimen thickness, conditioning atmosphere, and any deviations from the standard method.
Applications
ISO 3377-2:2016 is critically important for:
- Leather manufacturers ensuring consistent quality and durability of their products.
- Footwear, upholstery, leather goods, and automotive industries where leather tear resistance impacts product lifespan and safety.
- Product development and R&D teams that require standardized testing to compare materials or optimize processing methods.
- Quality assurance laboratories performing routine mechanical tests to certify leather for compliance with customer or regulatory requirements.
By implementing this standard, organizations achieve:
- Reliable benchmarking of mechanical properties across different leather batches.
- Improved consumer confidence due to certified material strength.
- Streamlined acceptance criteria between suppliers and clients.
- Enhanced understanding of leather performance under mechanical stress conditions.
Related Standards
- ISO 3377-1: Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Part 1: Single edge tear
- ISO 2418: Leather - Chemical, physical and mechanical tests - Sampling location
- ISO 2419: Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Preparation and conditioning of test specimens
- ISO 2589: Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of thickness
- ISO 7500-1: Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines - Part 1: Tensile/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of force measurement system
Adhering to these complementary standards ensures a comprehensive and harmonized approach to leather testing and evaluation.
By following ISO 3377-2:2016, professionals in the leather industry can confidently assess tear resistance with a respected, internationally recognized testing protocol that supports product quality, research insights, and regulatory compliance.
ISO 3377-2:2016 - Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Determination of tear load — Part 2: Double edge tear Released:2/15/2016
ISO 3377-2:2016 - Cuir — Essais physiques et mécaniques — Détermination de la force de déchirement — Partie 2: Déchirement des deux bords Released:2/15/2016
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 3377-2:2016 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Part 2: Double edge tear". This standard covers: ISO 3377-2:2016 specifies a method for determining the tear strength of leather using a double edged tear. The method is sometimes described as the Baumann tear. It is applicable to all types of leather.
ISO 3377-2:2016 specifies a method for determining the tear strength of leather using a double edged tear. The method is sometimes described as the Baumann tear. It is applicable to all types of leather.
ISO 3377-2:2016 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 3377-2:2016 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 29157:2015, ISO 3377-2:2025, ISO 3377-2:2002. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 3377-2:2016 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3377-2
IULTCS/IUP 8
Second edition
2016-02-15
Leather — Physical and mechanical
tests — Determination of tear load —
Part 2:
Double edge tear
Cuir — Essais physiques et mécaniques — Détermination de la force
de déchirement —
Partie 2: Déchirement des deux bords
Reference numbers
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(E)
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Apparatus . 1
5 Sampling and sample preparation . 2
6 Procedure. 2
7 Test report . 3
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO 3377-2 was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather
Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS) in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of
which is held by UNI, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
It is based on IUP 8 originally published in J. Soc. Leather Trades Chemists 44, p. 368, (1960) and declared
an official method of the IULTCS in 1961. This updated version was published in J. Soc. Leather Tech.
Chem. 84, p. 327, (2000) and reconfirmed as an official method in March 2001. The same pr
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 3377-2
IULTCS/IUP 8
Deuxième édition
2016-02-15
Cuir — Essais physiques et
mécaniques — Détermination de la
force de déchirement —
Partie 2:
Déchirement des deux bords
Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Determination of tear
load —
Part 2: Double edge tear
Numéros de référence
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(F)
©
ISO 2016
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2016, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
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l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Principe . 1
4 Appareillage . 1
5 Échantillonnage et préparation des échantillons . 2
6 Mode opératoire. 2
7 Rapport d’essai . 3
IULTCS/IUP 8:2016(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
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Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à
l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes
de l’OMC concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos —
Informations supplémentaires.
L’ISO 3377-2 a été élaborée par la Commission Essais physiques de l’Union internationale des sociétés
de techniciens et chimistes du cuir (Commission IUP, IULTCS) en collaboration avec le comité technique
du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN) CEN/TC 289, Cuir, dont le secrétariat est tenu par l’UNI,
conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Elle est fondée sur le document IUP 8, qui a tout d’abord été publié dans le J. Soc. Leather Trades
Chemists 44, p. 368, (1960) et déclaré méthode officielle de l’IULTCS en 1961. La présente version
révisée a été publiée dans le J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem. 84, p. 327, (2000) et confirmée en tant que
méthode officielle en mars 2001. Le principe utilisé est le même, mais le texte a été révisé et le nombre
d’éprouvettes à prélever est désormais spécifié.
L’IULTCS est une organisation mondiale de sociétés professionnelles des industries du cuir
fondée en 1897 ayant pour mission de favoriser l’avancement des sciences et technologies du cuir.
L’IULTCS a
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