ISO 29383:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 29383
Second edition
2020-04
Terminology policies — Development
and implementation
Politiques terminologiques — Élaboration et mise en œuvre
Reference number
ISO 29383:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 29383:2020(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 29383:2020(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Language planning and terminology planning . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Language planning. 4
4.3 Terminology planning . 4
5 Formulating and implementing a terminology policy . 6
6 Terminology policy development process . 7
6.1 Terminology policy development process model . 7
6.2 PHASE I – Needs assessment . 7
6.2.1 Assessment of language and terminology environment . 7
6.2.2 Assessment documents . 8
6.2.3 Stakeholder consultation . 9
6.2.4 Organization of a community/organization-wide consultation procedure . 9
6.3 PHASE II – Policy formulation and approval . 9
6.3.1 General. 9
6.3.2 Finalizing the terminology policy proposal .10
6.3.3 Coordination of terminology planning with other strategic planning policies .10
6.3.4 Implementation plan .10
6.3.5 Presentation of the final policy and implementation plan .11
6.3.6 Decision on final terminology policy documents and implementation plan .11
6.4 PHASE III – Implementation .12
6.4.1 General.12
6.4.2 Management of the implementation .12
6.4.3 Operational and organizational planning of the implementation .12
6.4.4 Publicity and promotion strategy .12
6.5 PHASE IV – Policy maintenance .13
Annex A (informative) Tools for stakeholder analysis .14
Annex B (informative) Examples of terminology policy user categories and scenarios .15
Bibliography .19
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ISO 29383:2020(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 29383:2010), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— updated terms and definitions based upon new editions of referenced standards;
— revised terminology policy development process;
— updated examples and scenarios of terminology policy.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO 29383:2020(E)

Introduction
This document is designed for policy makers working in different environments, from language
planning institutions to profit organizations.
The requirements concerning the development and implementation of a terminology policy can differ
in these environments as well as from case to case. No two situations are exactly alike and, even in a
seemingly homogenous context, each terminology policy is necessarily individual and custom-made.
This document therefore aims to provide guidance on general principles for the design of an individual
policy to be tailored to a specific set of circumstances and demands. It does so by recommending a
variety of actions that have proven to be helpful in different situations. Some of these recommendations
will be essential in any policy environment, while others may not be relevant.
Terminology policies can take very different forms, depending on the context. In a national context, a
terminology policy can take the form of a legal document or information policy. Similarly, the terminology
policy within a large non-governmental or intergovernmental organization can be complex since it has
to address a very complex situation and various levels of interoperability (cultural, political, semantic,
etc.). In private corporations and smaller organizations, a terminology policy usually takes the form of
guidelines for terminology management, workflow and the use of technology to support it; it is usually
presented in a short document, often not even referring to terminology as such. Distinctions between
these vary and what is imperative in one company, community or organization, can be irrelevant in
another. Due to the ever-increasing interlinking of public and private endeavours, the high degree of
diversity of organizational or institutional organizations, and rapidly changing environments, it is
helpful to have all aspects included in one standard.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 29383:2020(E)
Terminology policies — Development and implementation
1 Scope
This document provides policy makers in governments, administration, non-profit and profit
organizations with guidelines and a methodology for the development and implementation of a
comprehensive policy concerning the planning and management of terminology.
This document defines key concepts and describes scenarios and environments that can require
different kinds of terminology policies. It also places terminology policies in the broader context of
institutional strategic frameworks.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1087:2019, Terminology work amd terminology science — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
terminology planning
terminology work (3.14) aimed at developing, improving, implementing and disseminating the
terminology of a domain or a subject
Note 1 to entry: Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has among other objectives
the objective of achieving vocabulary control through such normative documents as thesauri and terminology
standards.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.5.3]
3.2
terminology policy
set of principles and strategies used as a basis for developing and regulating terminology for a specific
language(s) or domain(s)
3.3
terminology policy implementation
set of activities aimed at executing a terminology policy (3.2)
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3.4
terminology resource
terminological data collection
TDC
collection of terminological entries
Note 1 to entry: Terminology resources can be in paper or electronic format, e.g. paper dictionaries or glossaries,
CDs, DVDs, databases or termbanks.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.7.1]
3.5
linguistic norm
set of language conventions that is considered to be the shared standard of a language community (3.10)
Note 1 to entry: There can be many kinds of variations (such as dialects) whose conventions deviate from the
linguistic norm.
Note 2 to entry: Different linguistic norms can also be applicable to the same language (e.g. when the same
language is used in different countries, namely BrE vs. AmE, etc.).
3.6
language planning
set of activities involving measures to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language or
language variety within a language community (3.10)
3.7
status planning
part of language planning (3.6) that concerns the official designation of a language and the regulation of
its status in a society at large or in particular domains or contexts
3.8
corpus planning
part of language planning (3.6) that concerns the development and standardization of a language
Note 1 to entry: Corpus planning includes the standardization and recording of orthography, development of a
standard variety, grammar, pronunciation rules, development of a writing system, and lexicon (including special
lexicon).
3.9
acquisition planning
part of language planning (3.6) that concerns the goals, strategies and methodologies for the
institutionalized teaching and learning of languages in a society
Note 1 to entry: Acquisition planning can include the use of official, minority, majority or neighbouring languages
or international lingua francas.
3.10
language community
community of people defined through common use of shared linguistic norms (3.5) and cultural
specifications
Note 1 to entry: Language communities are not necessarily confined within geopolitical boundaries and can be
distributed in several, sometimes distant locales (3.17) within a region, country, continent or globally.
[SOURCE: ISO 16354:2013, 3.1.11, modified - Definition and Note 1 to entry substantially modified;
example deleted.]
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3.11
complementary information
CI
information supplementary to that described in terminological entries and shared across the
terminological data collection (3.13)
Note 1 to entry: Domain hierarchies, institution descriptions and bibliographical references.
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017, 3.2, modified - Note 1 to entry transformed into "examples"; "references to
text corpora" removed from the examples.]
3.12
special language
language for special purposes
LSP
natural language used in communication between experts in a domain and characterized by the use of
specific linguistic means of expression
Note 1 to entry: The specific linguistic means of expression always include subject-specific terminology and
phraseology and also can cover stylistic or syntactic features.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.1.9]
3.13
terminological data collection
TDC
resource consisting of concepts and their designations with associated metadata and documentary
information
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017, 3.21, modified - "terminological entries" replaced with "concepts and their
designations".]
3.14
terminology work
work concerned with the systematic collection, description, processing and presentation of concepts
and their designations
Note 1 to entry: Terminology work is preferably carried out on the basis of established principles and methods.
Terminology work includes term extraction, concept harmonization, term harmonization and terminography.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.5.1, modified - Original Notes 1 and 2 to entry replaced with new Note 1
to entry.]
3.15
terminology management
methods for collecting, maintaining, and accessing terminological data
3.16
terminology management system
software tool specifically designed for collecting, maintaining, and accessing terminological data
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.6.13, modified - "with a metadata structure" deleted after "software tool".]
3.17
locale
unique combination of parameters specifying the language, geographic area, and other cultural,
administrative or technical preferences of a given community
[SOURCE: ISO 22274:2013, 3.20]
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4 Language planning and terminology planning
4.1 General
Language planning is a broader concept than terminology planning that covers status, corpus and
acquisition planning. This process is often associated with planning at government level, but can also
be done by non-governmental organisations, private companies and individuals, as language planning
goals can vary. In particular, status planning involves the pronouncement of an official/non-official
(minority) language(s), national language or a language of communication or a medium of instruction
as well as the determination of the functions of such languages. Subsequently, corpus planning is key to
the implementation of the chosen languages determined during status planning.
Corpus planning, in this case, focuses on the development of chosen languages, which can be done
through graphization. The process of graphization involves the development, selection and modification
of orthographic conventions of a language. In addition to graphization, corpus planning also involves
standardization of spelling and modernization that focuses on lexical expansion of general language
and technical vocabulary. These processes often result in new language resources (e.g. glossary lists
and technical terms) to ensure quality and consistency in the way terminology is used in specific
domains or language communities. Corpus planning is therefore that part of language planning that
covers terminology planning. Terminology policies are developed during this planning phase.
Acquisition planning is then critical in ensuring that what has been developed during corpus planning
is introduced to the society at national or local level through education systems ranging from primary
schools to universities and the media. That is, the implementation and use of new language resources
take place during acquisition planning.
4.2 Language planning
Language planning involves deliberate efforts by a government, agency or other entity in order to
influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language or language variety in a certain domain or
within a language community. Language planning comprises a mixture of approaches, such as:
— the determination of the status of a language in a society at large, in a certain domain or context
(status planning);
— the linguistic codification of a language in order to establish a linguistic norm, the development
of language resources (including text corpora, speech corpora, lexicographical data and, to some
extent, terminological resources), the development or recording of literary traditions and sources
(corpus planning);
— the development of a language education policy and teaching of a language (acquisition planning);
— translation strategies, etc.
The major focus of language planning, therefore, is the conscious development of a language to improve
communication in a language community or society at large, or to strengthen the status of the language
of a linguistic community existing within a larger community.
4.3 Terminology planning
Terminology planning results in the development of resources to support the representation of
domain knowledge (concepts) and the use of such representation to ensure successful and unhindered
communication within and across domains, including:
— terminology development;
— terminology use, documentation, recording and processing;
— knowledge transfer;
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ISO 29383:2020(E)

— terminology transfer (e.g. during training or learning and teaching through the medium of
instruction);
— terminology implementation (e.g. through technology or via the media);
— translation, interpreting and localization.
Domain-specific conventions of concept representation can comprise not only linguistic representations
of concepts (i.e. terms and appellations), but also several kinds of non-linguistic representations of
concepts (graphic signs, formulae, alphanumeric symbols, illustrations, diagrams, icons, gestures, etc.).
These non-linguistic representations have to be taken into account as well.
Terminology planning should be based as much as possible or feasible on the existing linguistic norm.
The linguistic norm is a standard form of the language used by all groups and sectors of a language
community or groups of language communities of a country or region. Communication patterns in
certain domains may not entirely conform to the linguistic norm of the general language from which
they are derived or in which they are embedded (e.g. bioscience, chemistry).
Terminology planning shall comply with the needs and requirements of specific domains and
applications, including:
— an appropriate level of abstraction (e.g. chemical formulae);
— strict rules of term formation (e.g. biological nomenclatures);
— restricted language with high levels of standardization (e.g. risk communication, aviation industry,
military communication);
— high occurrence of synonymy (e.g. engineering, social sciences, economics, humanities, etc.);
— cultural taboos (e.g. health care, disease/epidemics prevention);
— regional variation and register variation (e.g. public notices).
Special language has a strong influence on general language and vice versa. There is a large area of
overlap between language and terminology planning. Language planning includes the development of
the lexicon (including special lexicon) of a language. At the same time, domain communication consists
largely of terms, i.e. linguistic representations of concepts are mostly constituted of special lexicon of a
particular language.
Terminology planning is also of special concern for pluricentric languages, for example English, French
or German, that are official or state languages in many different countries with very different cultures
and legal systems. In particular, in the domain of law, pluricentric languages and their treatment in
terminology work is a fundamental aspect for the correct transfer of knowledge and for legal certainty.
Terminology planning can be part of other planning activities, such as:
— information planning (e.g. knowledge management, information and documentation strategies);
— education planning (e.g. pre-schooling, secondary, primary and higher education);
— scientific-academic or innovation planning;
— information and communication technology (ICT) planning; and
— marketing planning (e.g. of a company).
Terminology planning is also crucial in the following domains:
— secondary and tertiary scientific education and vocational training;
— knowledge engineering (human language technologies);
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ISO 29383:2020(E)

— environmental, tourism and travel industry;
— administration and e-government;
— corporate communication management (official forms and documents);
— health and risk management;
— legal communication (laws and treaties);
— communications and marketing (signage);
— scientific or technical publications, guide books, brochures; and
— translation industry.
Terminology planning is employed to develop and standardize terminology and terminological
phraseology in support of the above and to guarantee overall efficient domain communication and
knowledge transfer.
5 Formulating and implementing a terminology policy
Terminology planning should lead to the generation of comprehensive and integrative terminology
policies that are informed by the requirements, and address the needs of the specific environment and
domain. The degree of specific detail is determined by scale, purpose and environment of the policy.
Often, terminology policies concern the harmonization of overlapping or conflicting policies.
Successful terminology policies are:
— evidence-based (decisions on policy recommendations should be based on facts gathered during the
needs assessment phase);
— visionary (long-term view) (terminology policy should be aligned with the strategic direction and
objectives of an organization or country);
— based on standards and quality management (the policy that is being developed should take into
consideration the terminology standards and quality management systems that are in place);
— support-driven by top management (top-down: this is where senior managers give policy direction);
participatory (bottom-up: involves stakeholders and practitioners engagement in order to get
their buy-in in the policy direction to ensure successful implementation of technical resources)
(stakeholder engagement process should be empowering and transparent);
— sustainable, consistent and forceful (the policy should be developed with the aim to implement
terminology in a consistent manner; the implementation of such policy should be realistic; systems
should also be put in place in order to ensure sustainability of such a policy); and
— geared towards capacity building.
From the perspective of potential user groups, terminology policies can be classified in terms of:
1) national, regional and sub-national terminology policies;
NOTE Regional here refers to an area/level within a country.
2) domain/sector terminology policies; and
3) corporate terminology policies:
i) corporations; and
ii) non-profit organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
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Terminology policy can be implemented within the framework of a national language policy or be driven
by linguistic problems surfacing as a result of a corporate merger, by temporary endeavours (such as
individual projects), corporate language design, or by coordination of intra- and inter-organizational
efforts, etc.
A policy, unlike an individual project that is limited by time, is a continuous process of planning,
implementing and monitoring, evaluating, revising and planning again. Provisions shall therefore be
made for it to become ultimately self-sustaining (through capacity and institution building, as well as
awareness-raising efforts).
6 Terminology policy development process
6.1 Terminology policy development process model
The following model (see Figure 1) shall be considered in the terminology policy development process.
Figure 1 — Terminology policy development process model
6.2 PHASE I – Needs assessment
6.2.1 Assessment of language and terminology environment
Terminology policy development and implementation is a highly complex matter. The process should
be based on a thorough needs assessment. The needs assessment process should cover the following
aspects:
— assessment of the language and terminology environment and of existing legislation;
— activities designed to create awareness of the issues within the society, community or organization,
and efforts to obtain official recognition for these activities;
— recommendation of methodology and available or conceivable procedures;
— preparation of fundamental documents;
— stakeholders could include groups or individuals who are affected by or concerned about or
interested in the terminology policy (see Annex A, Figure A.1);
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— establishment of a network of experts;
— organization of a comprehensive consultation process (e.g. national, regional or organisational); and
— draft assessment document.
An assessment of the language and terminology environments is important in determining gaps in
terms of terminology development and facilitation of effective communication processes in the specific
domain or a specific language community. The i
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 29383
Deuxième édition
2020-04
Politiques terminologiques —
Élaboration et mise en œuvre
Terminology policies — Development and implementation
Numéro de référence
ISO 29383:2020(F)
©
ISO 2020

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2020
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 29383:2020(F)

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Aménagement linguistique et aménagement terminologique . 4
4.1 Généralités . 4
4.2 Aménagement linguistique . 4
4.3 Aménagement terminologique . 5
5 Formulation et mise en œuvre d’une politique terminologique . 6
6 Processus d’élaboration d’une politique terminologique . 7
6.1 Modèle de processus d’élaboration d’une politique terminologique . 7
6.2 PHASE I ‒ Évaluation des besoins . 8
6.2.1 Évaluation des environnements linguistique et terminologique . 8
6.2.2 Documents d’évaluation . 9
6.2.3 Consultation des parties prenantes .10
6.2.4 Organisation d’une procédure de consultation à l’échelle communautaire/
organisationnelle .10
6.3 PHASE II ‒ Formulation et approbation de la politique .10
6.3.1 Généralités .10
6.3.2 Finalisation de la proposition de politique terminologique .11
6.3.3 Coordination de l’aménagement terminologique avec d’autres politiques
d’aménagement stratégiques .11
6.3.4 Plan de mise en œuvre .11
6.3.5 Présentation de la politique finale et du plan de mise en œuvre .12
6.3.6 Décision d’approbation des documents de politique terminologique et du
plan de mise en œuvre finaux .12
6.4 PHASE III ‒ Mise en œuvre .13
6.4.1 Généralités .13
6.4.2 Gestion de la mise en œuvre .13
6.4.3 Planification opérationnelle et organisationnelle de la mise en œuvre .13
6.4.4 Stratégie de publicité et de promotion .13
6.5 PHASE IV ‒ Mise à jour de la politique .14
Annexe A (informative) Outils d’analyse des parties prenantes.16
Annexe B (informative) Exemples de catégories d’utilisateurs et de scénarios d’utilisation
de politique terminologique .17
Bibliographie .21
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Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant : www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/ avant -propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 37, Langage et terminologie,
sous-comité SC 1, Principes et méthodes.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 29383:2010), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
Par rapport à l’édition précédente, les principales modifications ont les suivantes :
— termes et définitions mis à jour en fonction de nouvelles éditions des normes de référence ;
— processus d’élaboration d’une politique terminologique révisé ;
— exemples et scénarios d’utilisation de politique terminologique mis à jour.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www .iso .org/ fr/ members .html.
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ISO 29383:2020(F)

Introduction
Le présent document est destiné aux décideurs politiques travaillant dans différents environnements,
allant des institutions d’aménagement linguistique aux organismes à but lucratif.
Les exigences relatives à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre d’une politique terminologique peuvent
différer dans ces environnements ainsi que d’un cas à l’autre. Deux situations ne sont jamais exactement
identiques et de même dans un contexte apparemment homogène, chaque politique terminologique
est nécessairement unique et personnalisée. Par conséquent, le présent document est destiné à
fournir des recommandations relatives aux principes généraux applicables à la conception d’une
politique spécifique adaptée à un ensemble de circonstances et de besoins spécifiques. Il recommande
à cet effet différentes actions qui se sont révélées utiles dans diverses situations. Certaines de ces
recommandations sont essentielles dans tout environnement politique, tandis que d’autres peuvent ne
pas être toujours pertinentes.
Les politiques terminologiques peuvent prendre des formes très diverses en fonction du contexte. Dans
un contexte national, une politique terminologique peut prendre la forme d’un document juridique
ou d’une politique informationnelle. Dans le même ordre d’idées, la politique terminologique au sein
d’une grande organisation non gouvernementale ou intergouvernementale peut être compliquée,
car elle doit traiter une situation politique très complexe et différents niveaux d’interopérabilité
(culturel, politique, sémantique, etc.). Dans les entreprises privées et les organisations plus petites, une
politique terminologique prend souvent la forme de lignes directrices sur la gestion terminologique,
le déroulement du travail et l’utilisation d’une technologie pour assister cette gestion ; ces lignes
directrices sont généralement présentées dans un document succinct qui souvent ne fait même pas
référence en soi à la terminologie. Les distinctions entre ces lignes directrices varient et certains
éléments impératifs dans une entreprise, communauté ou organisation peuvent ne pas être applicables
dans d’autres. Compte tenu de l’interconnexion toujours plus importante des initiatives publiques et
privées, du degré élevé de diversité des entités organisationnelles ou institutionnelles et de l’évolution
rapide des environnements, il est utile de regrouper tous les éléments en cause dans une seule norme.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés v

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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 29383:2020(F)
Politiques terminologiques — Élaboration et mise en œuvre
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document fournit aux décideurs politiques des gouvernements, de l’administration,
des organisations à but non lucratif et des organisations à but lucratif des lignes directrices et une
méthodologie d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre d’une stratégie politique exhaustive concernant
l’aménagement et la gestion terminologique.
Le présent document définit des concepts clés et décrit des scénarios et des environnements
susceptibles de nécessiter différents types de politiques terminologiques. Il place également les
politiques terminologiques dans le contexte élargi de cadres institutionnels stratégiques.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 1087:2019, Travail terminologique et science de la terminologie — Vocabulaire
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions de l’ISO 1087 ainsi que les suivants,
s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes :
— ISO Online browsing platform : disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp ;
— IEC Electropedia : disponible à l’adresse http:// www .electropedia .org/ .
3.1
aménagement terminologique
travail terminologique (3.14) visant à développer, améliorer, mettre en œuvre et diffuser la terminologie
d’un domaine ou d’un sujet
Note 1 à l'article: L’aménagement terminologique implique tous les aspects du travail terminologique et a
notamment pour objectif la maîtrise du vocabulaire par le biais des documents normatifs du type thésaurus et
normes de terminologie.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.5.3]
3.2
politique terminologique
ensemble de principes et de stratégies servant de base à l’élaboration et à la réglementation de la
terminologie pour une ou plusieurs langues ou un ou plusieurs domaines spécifiques
3.3
mise en œuvre d’une politique terminologique
ensemble d’activités destiné à l’exécution d’une politique terminologique (3.2)
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés 1

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

3.4
ressource terminologique
ensemble de données terminologiques
EDT
ensemble d’articles terminologiques
Note 1 à l'article: Les ressources terminologiques peuvent être au format papier ou électronique, par exemple
dictionnaires ou glossaires papier, CD, DVD, bases de données ou banques de données terminologiques.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.7.1]
3.5
norme linguistique
ensemble de conventions linguistiques considéré comme la norme partagée par une communauté
linguistique (3.10)
Note 1 à l'article: Il peut exister plusieurs types de variations (tels que les dialectes) dont les conventions
s’écartent de la norme linguistique.
Note 2 à l'article: Différentes normes linguistiques peuvent également s’appliquer à la même langue (par exemple,
lorsque la même langue est utilisée dans différents pays, comme l’anglais britannique et l’anglais américain, etc.).
3.6
aménagement linguistique
ensemble d’activités impliquant des mesures visant à influer sur la fonction, la structure ou l’acquisition
d’une langue ou d’une variété de langue au sein d’une communauté linguistique (3.10)
3.7
aménagement du statut
partie de l’aménagement linguistique (3.6) qui concerne la désignation officielle d’une langue et la
réglementation de son statut dans une société de manière générale ou dans certains domaines ou
contextes
3.8
aménagement du corpus
partie de l’aménagement linguistique (3.6) qui concerne l’élaboration et la normalisation d’une langue
Note 1 à l'article: L’aménagement du corpus comprend la normalisation et la consignation de l’orthographe,
l’élaboration d’une variété standard, de règles de grammaire et de ponctuation ainsi que l’élaboration d’un
système d’écriture et d’un lexique (y compris un lexique spécialisé).
3.9
aménagement de l’acquisition
partie de l’aménagement linguistique (3.6) qui concerne les objectifs, les stratégies et les méthodologies
applicables à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage institutionnalisés des langues dans une société
Note 1 à l'article: L’aménagement de l’acquisition peut inclure l’usage de langues officielles, minoritaires,
majoritaires ou apparentées, ou encore de langues véhiculaires internationales.
3.10
communauté linguistique
communauté de personnes définie par l’utilisation commune de normes linguistiques (3.5) partagées et
par des spécifications culturelles
Note 1 à l'article: Les communautés linguistiques ne sont pas nécessairement confinées dans des limites
géopolitiques et peuvent être réparties dans plusieurs localités (3.17), parfois éloignées, dans une même région,
un même pays, un même continent ou dans le monde entier.
[SOURCE: ISO 16354:2013, 3.1.11, modifiée - Définition et Note 1 à l’article substantiellement modifiées,
exemple supprimé.]
2 © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

3.11
informations complémentaires
IC
informations données en complément de celles décrites dans les articles terminologiques et partagées
dans l’ensemble de données terminologiques (3.13)
Note 1 à l'article: Hiérarchies de domaines, descriptions d’institutions et références bibliographiques.
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017, 3.2, modifiée - Entrée Note 1 à l’article transformée en « exemples » ;
« références aux corpus de textes » retirées des exemples.]
3.12
langue de spécialité
langue pour des buts spécifiques
LBP
langue utilisée dans la communication entre experts dans un domaine et caractérisée par l’utilisation
de moyens d’expression linguistiques spécifiques
Note 1 à l'article: Les moyens d’expression linguistiques spécifiques englobent toujours une terminologie et
une phraséologie propres au domaine et peuvent également présenter des traits stylistiques ou syntaxiques
spécifiques.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.1.9]
3.13
ensemble de données terminologiques
EDT
ressource constituée de concepts et de leurs désignations, accompagnés de métadonnées et
d’informations documentaires y afférentes
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017, 3.21, modifiée - « entrées terminologiques » remplacées par « concepts et
désignations ».]
3.14
travail terminologique
activité portant sur la systématisation de la collecte, de la description, du traitement et de la présentation
des concepts et de leurs désignations
Note 1 à l'article: Le travail terminologique s’effectue de préférence sur la base de principes et méthodes reconnus.
Le travail terminologique comprend l’extraction de termes, l’harmonisation des concepts, l’harmonisation des
termes et la terminographie.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.5.1, modifiée - Notes 1 et 2 à l’article d’origine remplacées par une nouvelle
Note 1 à l’article.]
3.15
gestion de la terminologie
ensemble de méthodes de collecte, de tenue à jour et d’accès aux données terminologiques
3.16
système de gestion de la terminologie
outil logiciel spécialement conçu pour la collecte, la tenue à jour et l’accès aux données terminologiques
[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.6.13, modifiée - Mention « avec une structure de métadonnées » supprimée
après « outil logiciel ».]
3.17
particularités locales
combinaison unique de paramètres spécifiant la langue, la zone géographique et d’autres préférences
culturelles, administratives ou techniques d’une communauté donnée
[SOURCE: ISO 22274:2013, 3.20]
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés 3

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

4 Aménagement linguistique et aménagement terminologique
4.1 Généralités
L’aménagement linguistique est un concept plus large que l’aménagement terminologique et qui couvre
l’aménagement du statut, du corpus et de l’acquisition. Ce processus est souvent associé à l’aménagement
au niveau gouvernemental, mais peut également être mis en œuvre par des organisations non
gouvernementales, des entreprises privées et des particuliers, car les objectifs de l’aménagement
linguistique peuvent être divers. L’aménagement du statut implique notamment l’adoption d’une ou de
plusieurs langues (minoritaires) officielles ou non officielles, de la langue nationale, d’une langue de
communication ou d’une langue d’enseignement ainsi que la détermination des fonctions de ces langues.
L’aménagement du corpus constitue ensuite la composante essentielle de la mise en œuvre des langues
déterminées au cours de l’aménagement du statut.
Dans ce cas, l’aménagement du corpus se concentre sur l’élaboration des langues choisies, ce qui peut
être réalisé par la graphisation. Le processus de graphisation implique l’élaboration, la sélection et la
modification des conventions orthographiques d’une langue. Outre la graphisation, l’aménagement du
corpus implique également la normalisation de l’orthographe et une modernisation qui se concentre
sur l’enrichissement lexical de la langue générale et du vocabulaire technique. Ces processus donnent
souvent lieu à de nouvelles ressources linguistiques (par exemple, glossaires et termes techniques) qui
visent à assurer la qualité et la cohérence dans la manière dont la terminologie est utilisée dans des
communautés linguistiques ou des domaines particuliers. L’aménagement du corpus fait donc partie
intégrante de l’aménagement linguistique, qui englobe l’aménagement terminologique. Les politiques
terminologiques sont élaborées au cours de cette phase d’aménagement.
L’aménagement de l’acquisition est ensuite essentiel pour garantir que ce qui a été élaboré au cours de
l’aménagement du corpus est introduit dans la société au niveau national ou local par l’intermédiaire
des systèmes d’éducation, allant des écoles primaires aux universités et aux médias. Autrement dit, la
mise en œuvre et l’utilisation de nouvelles ressources linguistiques ont lieu au cours de l’aménagement
de l’acquisition.
4.2 Aménagement linguistique
L’aménagement linguistique implique des efforts intentionnels d’un gouvernement, d’une agence ou
d’une autre entité afin d’influencer sur la fonction, la structure ou l’acquisition d’une langue ou d’une
variété de langue dans un certain domaine ou au sein d’une communauté linguistique. L’aménagement
linguistique intègre une combinaison d’approches, telles que :
— la détermination du statut d’une langue dans une société de manière générale ou dans un domaine
ou contexte particulier (aménagement du statut) ;
— la codification linguistique d’une langue en vue d’établir une norme linguistique, l’élaboration
de ressources linguistiques (incluant les corpus de textes, les corpus de parole, les données
lexicographiques et, dans une certaine mesure, les ressources terminologiques), l’élaboration ou la
consignation de traditions ou de sources littéraires (aménagement du corpus) ;
— l’élaboration d’une politique d’enseignement et d’apprentissage de la langue (aménagement de
l’acquisition) ;
— des stratégies de traduction, etc.
Par conséquent, l’aménagement linguistique se concentre principalement sur l’élaboration volontaire
d’une langue afin d’améliorer la communication au sein d’une communauté linguistique ou d’une société
de manière générale, ou encore de renforcer le statut de la langue d’une communauté linguistique
existante au sein d’une communauté plus importante.
4 © ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

4.3 Aménagement terminologique
L’aménagement terminologique donne lieu au développement de ressources qui visent à soutenir la
représentation des connaissances d’un domaine (concepts) et l’utilisation de cette représentation afin
de garantir une communication fluide et efficace au sein du domaine et entre les domaines, incluant :
— l’élaboration de la terminologie ;
— l’utilisation, la documentation, la consignation et le traitement de la terminologie ;
— le transfert de connaissances ;
— le transfert de la terminologie (par exemple, au cours de la formation ou de l’enseignement et de
l’apprentissage par le biais de la langue d’enseignement) ;
— la mise en œuvre de la terminologie (par exemple, par l’intermédiaire de la technologie ou des
médias) ;
— la traduction, l’interprétation et la localisation.
Les conventions de représentation conceptuelle spécifiques au domaine peuvent comprendre non
seulement des représentations linguistiques des concepts (telles que des termes et des appellations), mais
aussi plusieurs types de représentations non linguistiques de concepts (signes graphiques, formules,
symboles alphanumériques, illustrations, schémas, icônes, gestuelles, etc.). Ces représentations non
linguistiques doivent également être prises en compte.
Il convient que l’aménagement terminologique se fonde autant que possible sur la norme linguistique
existante. La norme linguistique est une forme standard de la langue utilisée par tous les groupes
et secteurs d’une communauté linguistique ou d’un groupe de communautés linguistiques d’un pays
ou d’une région. Les modèles de communication de certains domaines peuvent ne pas se conformer
exactement à la norme linguistique de la langue générale dont ils sont issus ou dans laquelle ils
s’inscrivent (par exemple, les sciences biologiques, la chimie).
L’aménagement terminologique doit se conformer aux besoins et aux exigences de domaines et
applications spécifiques, incluant :
— un niveau approprié d’abstraction (par exemple, formules chimiques) ;
— des règles strictes de formation de termes (par exemple, nomenclatures biologiques) ;
— une langue restreinte avec un haut niveau de normalisation (par exemple, communication des
risques, industrie aéronautique, communication militaire) ;
— un fort taux de synonymie (par exemple, ingénierie, sciences sociales, économie, sciences
humaines, etc.) ;
— les tabous culturels (par exemple, soins de santé, prévention des maladies/épidémies) ;
— les variations régionales et les variations de registre (par exemple, avis publics).
La langue de spécialité a une forte influence sur la langue générale et vice-versa. Il existe de très
nombreux recoupements entre l’aménagement linguistique et l’aménagement terminologique.
L’aménagement linguistique inclut l’élaboration du lexique (y compris du lexique spécialisé) d’une
langue. Parallèlement, la communication d’un domaine comporte une majeure partie de termes,
c’est-à-dire que le lexique spécialisé d’une langue particulière se compose principalement de
représentations linguistiques de concepts.
L’aménagement terminologique représente également un enjeu particulier pour les langues
pluricentriques, telles que l’anglais, l’allemand ou le français, qui sont des langues officielles ou d’État
dans plusieurs pays de cultures et de systèmes juridiques très différents. Dans le domaine juridique en
particulier, les langues pluricentriques et leur traitement dans le travail terminologique constituent un
élément fondamental pour le transfert approprié des connaissances et la sécurité juridique.
© ISO 2020 – Tous droits réservés 5

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ISO 29383:2020(F)

L’aménagement terminologique peut faire partie d’autres activités d’aménagement, telles que :
— l’aménagement informationnel (par exemple, gestion des connaissances, stratégies d’information et
de documentation) ;
— l’aménagement de l’éducation (par exemple, maternelle, primaire, secondaire et supérieur) ;
— l’aménagement scientifique et académique ou de l’innovation ;
— l’aménagement des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) ; et
— l’aménagement marketing (par exemple, d’une entreprise).
L’aménagement terminologique est également crucial dans les domaines suivants :
— éducation scientifique secondaire et supérieure, et formation professionnelle ;
— ingénierie des connaissances (technologies du langage humain) ;
— industrie environnementale, du tourisme et du voyage ;
— administration et administration en ligne ;
— gestion de la communication d’entreprise (formulaires et documents officiels) ;
— gestion de la santé et des risques ;
— communication juridique (législation et traités) ;
— communication et marketing (affichage) ;
— publications scientifiques ou techniques, guides d’utilisation, brochures ; et
— industrie de la traduction.
L’aménagement terminologique est utilisé afin d’élaborer et de normaliser la terminologie et la
phraséologie terminologique à l’appui de ce qui précède, ainsi que de garantir une communication
spécialisée et un transfert de connaissances globaux efficaces.
5 Formulation et mise en œuvre d’une politique terminologique
Il convient que
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
01-oktober-2019
Politike terminologije - Razvoj in izvajanje
Terminology policies -- Development and implementation
Politiques terminologiques -- Élaboration et mise en oeuvre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 29383:2018
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 29383
ISO/TC 37/SC 1 Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2018-10-11 2019-01-03
Terminology policies — Development and implementation
Politiques terminologiques — Élaboration et mise en oeuvre
ICS: 01.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2018

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Language planning and terminology planning . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Language planning. 4
4.3 Terminology planning . 5
5 Formulating and implementing a terminology policy . 6
6 Preparation, formulation and implementation of terminology policies .7
6.1 Terminology policy development process . 7
6.2 PHASE I –Needs assessment . 8
6.2.1 Survey of the current state . 8
6.2.2 Preparatory documents . 8
6.2.3 Stakeholder consultation . 9
6.2.4 Organization of a community/organization-wide consultation procedure . 9
6.3 PHASE II – Policy formulation and approval .10
6.3.1 General.10
6.3.2 Finalizing the terminology policy proposal .10
6.3.3 Coordination of terminology planning with other strategic planning policies .10
6.3.4 Implementation plan .11
6.3.5 Presentation of the final policy and implementation plan .11
6.3.6 Decision on final terminology policy documents and implementation plan .12
6.4 PHASE III –Implementation .12
6.4.1 General.12
6.4.2 Management of the implementation .12
6.4.3 Operational and organizational planning of the implementation .12
6.4.4 Publicity and promotion .13
6.5 PHASE IV – Sustainability .13
Annex A (informative) Tools for stakeholder analysis .15
Annex B (informative) Example of an authentic corporate terminology policy.16
Bibliography .20
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/XXX
This second/third/. edition cancels and replaces the first/second/. edition (), [clause(s) / subclause(s)
/ table(s) / figure(s) / annex(es)] of which [has / have] been technically revised.
ISO XXXX consists of the following parts. [Add information as necessary.]
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)

Introduction
This International Standard is designed for policy makers working in different environments, from
language planning to for-profit companies.
The requirements concerning the development and implementation of a terminology policy can differ
tremendously in these environments as well as from case to case. No two situations are exactly alike
and, even in a seemingly homogenous context, each terminology policy is necessarily individual and
custom-made. This International Standard therefore aims to provide guidance on general principles
for the design of an individual policy to be tailored to a specific set of circumstances. It does so by
recommending a variety of actions that have proven to be helpful in different situations. Some of these
recommendations will be essential in any policy environment, while others may not be relevant.
Terminology policies can take very different forms, depending on the context. In a national context,
a terminology policy can take the form of a legal document or, at least, part of such, for instance of
a language, education or information policy. Similarly, the terminology policy within a large non-
governmental or intergovernmental organization may be complex since it has to address a very complex
and political situation and various levels of interoperability (cultural, political, semantic, etc). In private
corporations and smaller organizations, a terminology policy usually takes the form of guidelines or
references for terminology management, workflow and the use of technology to support it; it is usually
presented in a short document, often not even referring to terminology as such. Distinctions between
these vary and what is imperative in one company, community or organization, may be irrelevant in
another. Due to the ever-increasing interlinking of public and private endeavours, the high degree of
diversity of organizational or institutional organizations, and rapidly changing environments, it is
helpful to have all aspects included in one standard.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019

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oSIST ISO/DIS 29383:2019
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 29383:2018(E)
Terminology policies — Development and implementation
1 Scope
This International Standard provides policy makers in governments, administration, non-profit and
commercial organizations with guidelines and a methodology for the development and implementation
of a comprehensive policy or strategy concerning the planning and management of terminology.
This International Standard defines key concepts and describes scenarios and environments which
may require different kinds of terminology policies. It also places terminology policies in the broader
context of institutional strategic frameworks.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1087-1, Terminology work — Vocabulary — Part 1: Theory and application
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087-1 and the following apply.
3.1
planning
act or process of preparing a detailed proposal, developed in advance, for doing or achieving something
3.2
strategic plan
document identifying goals and objectives to be pursued by an organization over a multi-year period,
typically three to five years, in support of its mission and being consistent with its values
[SOURCE: ISO 17469-1:2015(en), 2.2]
3.3
terminology planning
activities aimed at developing, improving, implementing and disseminating the terminology of a
subject field
Note 1 to entry: Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has among other objectives
the objective of achieving vocabulary control through such normative documents as thesauri and terminology
standards.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.6.4]
3.4
policy
set of principles and strategies which guide a course of action for the achievement of a given goal
3.5
terminology policy
policy formulated at the level of decision-making in a language, domain or professional community,
with the aim of developing or regulating emerging or existing terminologies for various purposes
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3.6
terminology policy implementation
all efforts to gain acceptance of the terminology policy
3.7
terminology product
product that supports special language use or the field of terminology
Note 1 to entry: Products that support special language use refer to dictionaries, databases, and other products
for the dissemination of specialized terminology while products that support the field of terminology refer to
journals, training manuals, tools, etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 704:2009(en)]
3.8
linguistic norm
set of language conventions which is considered to be the shared linguistic standard of a language
community
Note 1 to entry: to entry: There may be many kinds of variations (such as dialects) whose conventions
deviate from the linguistic norm.
3.9
language engineering
subject field dealing with natural language processing (NLP)
Note 1 to entry: Sometimes erroneously used synonymously with language planning.
3.10
language planning
planning activity involving a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a
language or language variety within a speech community
3.11
status planning
part of language planning that concerns the official designation and regulation of the status of a
language or languages in society at large or in particular domains or contexts
3.12
corpus planning
part of language planning that concerns the development and standardization of the corpus of a
language
Note 1 to entry: Corpus planning activities include the standardization and recording of orthography,
development of a standard variety, standardization of grammar, standard pronunciation rules, development of
a writing system, development of the lexicon (including special lexicon), and strategic dissemination of these
standards among the language community.
3.13
acquisition planning
part of language planning that concerns the goals, strategy and methodology for the institutionalized
teaching and learning of languages in a society
Note 1 to entry: These may be official, minority, majority or neighbouring languages or international lingua
francas.
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3.14
language community
community of people defined through common use of a shared linguistic code and cultural specifications.
[SOURCE: ISO 16354, 2013, Source: ISO 29383, 2010]
Note 1 to entry: Language communities are not necessarily confined within geopolitical boundaries and may be
distributed in several, sometimes distant, locales within a region, country, continent or globally.
3.15
CI
complementary information
information supplementary to that described in terminological entries and shared across the
terminological data collection.
Note 1 to entry: Domain hierarchies, institution descriptions and bibliographical references are typical examples
of complementary information
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017, 9(en), Source: ISO 26162:2012]
3.16
LSP
language for special purposes
natural language (3.1) used in communication between experts in a domain and characterized by the
use of specific linguistic means of expression
Note 1 to entry: The specific linguistic means of expression always include domain-specific terminology (3.5) and
phraseology and also may cover stylistic or syntactic features.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 1087:2017]
3.17
TDC
terminological data collection
resource consisting of terminological entries (3.22) with associated meta data and documentary
information
[SOURCE: ISO 16642:2017(en), 3.21]
3.18
terminology management
methods for collecting, maintaining, and accessing terminological data
[SOURCE: ISO 26162:2012(en)]
3.19
terminology management system
Software tool specifically designed for for terminology management (3.18)
[SOURCE: ISO 26162:2012]
3.20
terminology work
work concerned with the systematic identification, description, processing, presentation oruse of
concepts (3.2) and their designations (3.4)
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 1087:2017]
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3.21
terminology planning
terminology work aimed at developing , improving, implementing and disseminating the terminology
of a domain or subject.
Note 1 to entry: Terminology planning involves all aspects of terminology work and has among other objectives
the objective of achieving vocabulary control through such normative documents as thesauri and terminology
standards.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000]
3.22
terminology policy implementation
organized efforts to ensure that a terminology policy is used in practice by its target users
[SOURCE: ISO 18542-1:2012]
4 Language planning and terminology planning
4.1 General
Language planning is a broader concept that covers, status, corpus and acquisition planning. This
process is often associated with planning at government level, but can also be done by non-governmental
organisations, private companies and individuals, as goals of such planning may vary. In particular,
status planning involves the pronouncement of an official/non-official (minority) language(s), a national
language or a language of communication and a medium of instruction as well the determination of the
functions of such languages. Subsequently, corpus planning is key to the implementation of the chosen
languages determined during status planning.
Corpus planning in this case, focuses on the development of chosen languages through graphization
which involves the development, selection and modification of orthographic conventions for a
language. In addition to graphization, corpus planning also involves standardization of spelling and
modernization which focuses on lexical expansion of general language and technical vocabulary. These
processes often result in new glossary lists and new technical terms to ensure quality and consistency
in the way terminology is used in specific domains.
Acquisition planning is then critical in ensuring that what has been developed during corpus planning,
is introduced to the society at national or local level through education systems ranging from primary
schools to universities and the media. Therefore, language policy is developed during status planning,
while terminology planning which includes terminology policies and implementation, is developed
during corpus planning. However, the implementation and use of terminology is part of acquisition
planning. Language planning, therefore, encompasses all aspects of planning namely, status, corpus
and acquisition planning. Hence, terminology planning (terminology policy) would be informed by
languages chosen during status planning. Thus, language policy should influence the terminology
planning process.
4.2 Language planning
Language planning consists of the conscious efforts made by a government, agency or other entity
in order to affect strategically and positively the structure or function of a language or languages
through politically-informed forward-looking management of languages and their use both in regard
to language status determination and language development. It comprises of a mixture of methods and
approaches, including:
— the determination of the status of a language in a society at large, in a certain domain or context
(status planning);
— the linguistic codification of a language in order to establish a linguistic norm, the development
of language resources (including text corpora, speech corpora, lexicographical data and, to some
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extent, terminological information), the development or recording of literary traditions and sources
(corpus planning);
— the development of a language education policy and teaching of a language (acquisition planning);
— translation strategies, etc.
The major focus of language planning, therefore, is the conscious development of a language to improve
communication in a language community or society at large, or to strengthen the status of the language
of a linguistic community existing within a larger community.
4.3 Terminology planning
Terminology planning results in the development of resources to support the representation of
domain knowledge (concepts) and the use of such representation to ensure successful and unhindered
communication within and across domains, including:
— terminology generation;
— terminology use, documentation, recording and processing;
— knowledge transfer;
— terminology transfer (e.g. through training, when the medium of instruction is another language);
— terminology implementation (e.g. through technology and knowledge transfer or via the media);
— translation, interpreting and localization.
Domain-specific conventions of concept representation may comprise not only linguistic representations
of concepts (i.e. terms and appellations), but also several kinds of non-linguistic representations of
concepts (graphic signs, formulae, alphanumeric symbols, illustrations, diagrams, icons, gestures, etc.).
These non-linguistic representations have to be taken into account as well.
Terminology planning shall be based as much as possible or feasible on the existing linguistic norm.
The linguistic norm is an informal standard form of the language used by all groups and sectors of
a language community or groups of language communities of a country or region. Communication
patterns in certain domains may not entirely conform to the linguistic norm of the general language
from which they are derived or in which they are embedded (e.g. bioscience, chemistry).
Terminology planning shall comply with the needs and requirements of specific domains and
applications, including:
— high level of abstraction (e.g. chemical formulae);
— strict rules of term formation (e.g. biological nomenclatures);
— restricted language with high levels of standardization (e.g. risk communication, aviation industry,
military communication);
— lesser need for standardization, high occurrence of synonymy (e.g. social sciences, marketing,
business, humanities, literature);
— cultural taboos (e.g. health care, disease/epidemics prevention);
— regional dialectic variation (e.g. public notices).
Special language has a strong influence on general language and vice versa. There is a large area of
overlap between language and terminology planning. Language planning includes the development of
the lexicon (including special lexicon) of a language. At the same time, domain communication consists
largely of terms, i.e. linguistic representations of concepts, for the most part constituting the special
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lexicon of a particular language. The essential difference between the two concepts hence lies in the
point of view of the planner and the ultimate focus and goal of the planning activity.
Terminology planning can be part of other planning activities, such as:
— information planning (e.g. knowledge management, information and documentation strategies);
— education planning (e.g. pre-schooling, primary and higher education);
— scientific-technical innovation planning;
— information and communication technology (ICT) planning;
— marketing planning (e.g. of a company);
and is crucial in the following domains:
— signage;
— secondary and tertiary scientific education;
— vocational training;
— health, environmental and risk communications;
— corporate language;
— administration and e-government;
— legal communication, laws and treaties;
— knowledge engineering;
— human language technologies;
— official forms and documents;
— tourism and travel industry;
— communications media;
— scientific or technical publications, guide books, brochures;
— support for translation industry.
Terminology planning is employed to develop and standardize terminology and terminological
phraseology in support of the above and to guarantee overall efficient domain communication and
knowledge transfer.
5 Formulating and implementing a terminology policy
Terminology planning should lead to the generation of comprehensive and integrative terminology
policies that are informed by the requirements, and address the needs of the specific environment and
domain. The degree of specific detail is determined by scale, purpose and environment of the policy.
Often, terminology policies concern the harmonization of overlapping or conflicting policies.
Key success factors for terminology policies include them being:
— evidence-based;
— visionary (long-term view);
— based on standards and quality management;
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— support driven (top-down); participatory (bottom-up);
— sustainable;
— consistent and forceful;
— empowering;
— transparent and informed;
— geared towards capacity building.
From the perspective of potential user groups, terminology policies can be classified in terms of
1) national, regional and sub-national terminology policies,
2) Domain/sector terminology policies;
3) corporate terminology policies:
i) commercial enterprises;
ii) non-profit organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
They may be implemented within the framework of a national language policy or be driven by linguistic
problems surfacing as a result of a corporate merger, by temporary endeavours (such as individual
projects), corporate language design, or by coordination of intra- and inter-organizational efforts, etc.
A policy, unlike an individual project which is limited by time, is a continuous process of planning,
implementing and monitoring, evaluating, revising and planning again. Provisions shall therefore be
made for it to become ultimately self-sustaining (through capacity and institution building, as well as
awareness-raising).
6 Preparation, formulation and implementation of terminology policies
6.1 Terminology policy development process
The following process (see Figure 1) shall be considered in the development of a terminology policy.
Figure 1 — Linear/phase model of a terminology policy
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6.2 PHASE I –Needs asses
...