ISO 18934:2011

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 18934:2014
01-marec-2014
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SIST ISO 18934:2011
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Imaging materials - Multiple media archives - Storage environment
Matériaux pour l'image - Archives multimédia - Environnement de stockage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18934:2011
ICS:
35.220.99 Druge naprave za Other data storage devices
shranjevanje podatkov
37.040.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
fotografijo photography
SIST ISO 18934:2014 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 18934:2014

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SIST ISO 18934:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18934
Second edition
2011-10-15

Imaging materials — Multiple media
archives — Storage environment
Matériaux pour l'image — Archives multimédia — Environnement de
stockage




Reference number
ISO 18934:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011

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SIST ISO 18934:2014
ISO 18934:2011(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

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SIST ISO 18934:2014
ISO 18934:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Recommendations . 3
4.1 Temperature range . 3
4.2 Temperature cycling . 5
4.3 Relative humidity range . 5
4.4 Relative humidity cycling . 5
5 Selecting environmental conditions for mixed media archives . 6
Annex A (informative) Stability of electrophotographic, dye sub, inkjet prints . 8
Annex B (informative) Cold storage practices . 9
Bibliography . 10

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SIST ISO 18934:2014
ISO 18934:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18934 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18934:2006), which has been technically
revised.
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ISO 18934:2011(E)
Introduction
Historically, technical committees ISO/TC 36 and ISO/TC 42 have published ISO storage standards specific to
individual materials. Many of these temperature and relative humidity recommendations are based on
laboratory studies using Arrhenius type projections that allow extrapolation of high temperature incubation
tests to recommended storage environments at reduced temperatures. This also allows a prediction of the life
expectancy of materials. This approach and the resulting analysis are logical when each medium is
considered by itself. The individual ISO storage standards are sound and the predicted life expectancies have
been consistent with practical experience. However, the storage conditions can differ widely for various media
and reflect differences in their inherent stability. The extended-term storage conditions recommended in the
various standards provide wide humidity ranges and set only a maximum temperature limit with considerable
overlap in allowed environmental conditions across several media types.
In the real world, archivists and curators frequently are faced with the task of storing many types of material,
such as film, prints, tapes, etc. Archives often contain media that cannot be separated without destroying the
integrity of the collection. In other archives, one collection can consist primarily of one medium, but there are
many collections each with different media. In either situation, it might not be practical or realistic for the
archivist to provide a number of different storage environments that are optimized for each material. The cost
and inconvenience would be prohibitive; moreover, records of the same or similar subject matter are usually
stored in close proximity to facilitate reference, not by the type of medium. The archivist of a multiple media
collection might be forced to limit the number of storage environments that can be provided. In some cases,
this means some deviation from the ISO storage recommendations and can compromise the life expectancies
specified in the standards. This compromise can be based on the value, physical size, quantity, or legal
requirements to maximize life expectancy of some collections relative to others.
This International Standard provides an assessment of the keeping qualities for four storage environments. As
such, it is most useful for storage facilities that house different types of materials, but does not override the
ISO recommendations for single medium collections.
Institutions with substandard environments and restricted budgets are encouraged to plan for the
improvement of these environments as resources allow by judicious use of air conditioning, dehumidifiers (or
humidifiers), air circulation and filtration. Although practicalities can force compromises, any improvement of
poor conditions will add to the longevity of materials, even if they do not attain the life expectancies possible
with the environments recommended in the ISO standards. Basic air conditioning principles, the various
options and the associated costs are not addressed in this International Standard. There are many references
on this subject.

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SIST ISO 18934:2014

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SIST ISO 18934:2014
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18934:2011(E)

Imaging materials — Multiple media archives — Storage
environment
1 Scope
This International Standard provides suggested guidelines for four temperature and humidity macro-
environments for archives that contain a variety of recording media, based on the corresponding ISO storage
standards for those media. Whenever possible, this International Standard recommends that users follow the
storage environments in the ISO storage standards.
This International Standard does not replace those ISO storage standards. In addition to environment
recommendations, those standards also include other vital information pertinent to the long-term keeping of
recording materials, such as inspection, housing, and handling guidelines. Although microenvironments within
a storage enclosure can be dependent upon the macro-environment, they are not the focus of this
International Standard.
The storage of traditional paper collections is not within the scope of this International Standard. However,
many archives containing mixed recording media also include such collections. Archivists are encouraged to
review the appropriate standards (see References [1] and [2]) for those materials.
Nitrate-base photographic films are also included in this International Standard, since they are often stored
together with other materials.
NOTE Nitrate-base films represent a fire hazard and need to be stored in accordance with the National Fire
[3]
Protection Association standard in the United States, or other applicable national standards. Moreover, fumes from
[11]
decomposing nitrate film and acetate-base film can have detrimental effects on other materials stored in the same area .
A solution to this problem is to isolate such films in a separate storage area.
This International Standard does not address the various strategies to upgrade substandard environments
that deviate from those recommended by ISO standards.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10356, Cinematography — Storage and handling of nitrate-base motion-picture films
ISO 18911, Imaging materials — Processed safety photographic films — Storage practices
ISO 18918, Imaging materials — Processed photographic plates — Storage practices
ISO 18920, Imaging materials — Reflection prints — Storage practices
ISO 18923, Imaging materials — Polyester-base magnetic tape — Storage practices
ISO 18925, Imaging materials — Optical disc media — Storage practices
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
conditioning
exposure of a specimen to air at a given relative humidity and temperature until equilibrium is reached
3.2
extended-term storage conditions
storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information that has permanent value
3.3
life expectancy
LE
rating for the life expectancy of recording materials and associated retrieval systems
NOTE The number following the LE symbol is a prediction of the minimum life expectancy in years for which
information can be retrieved without significant loss when stored at the conditions defined in the relevant standards.
EXAMPLE LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved after at least 100 years storage.
3.4
macro-environment
atmospheric conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and pollutants) in a large area in which records are
kept
3.5
magnetic tape
material consisting of a magnetic-sensitive layer coated on a thin plastic support that can produce a magnetic
recording
3.6
medium-term storage conditions
storage conditions suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a minimum of 10 years
3.7
micro-environment
atmospheric conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and pollutants) inside a storage enclosure in which
records are kept
3.8
optical disc
disc that will accept and retain information in the form of marks or density modulations in a recording layer that
can be read with an optical beam
3.9
photographic film
material consisting of one or more radiation-sensitive layers coated on transparent or translucent plastic that
yields a visible image
3.10
photographic plate
material consisting of one or more radiation-sensitive layers coated on a rigid support, such as glass or metal,
that yields a visible image
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3.11
photographic print
material consisting of one or more radiation-sensitive layers coated on paper, paper with a pigmented layer,
paper with a resin layer, or on an opaque support, that yields a visible image
NOTE This term is now used to describe all manner of printed photographic images.
3.12
recording material
medium that receives images, text or audio information which can subsequently be viewed or retrieved
3.13
relative humidity
RH
ratio, defined as a percentage, of the existing partial vapour pressure of water to the vapour pressure at
saturation at a given temperature
NOTE It is usually, but not always, equal to the percentage of the amount of moisture in the air to that at saturation.
3.14
storage environment
conditions for storing materials, i.e. temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness of facilities and atmospheric
pollutants
NOTE Ideally the storage environment will meet the relevant ISO criteria.
4 Recommendations
4.1 Temperature range
The guidelines for extended-term storage conditions given in this International Standard specify four different
temperature ranges for the storage of mixed media collections:
 room;
 cool;
 cold;
 subzero (see Table 1).
Room conditions are satisfactory for materials that are considered to be chemically stable, such as black-and-
white silver and carbon images on polyester base, glass and paper.
Cool conditions are suitable for materials whose stability can be compromised at cold temperatures (magnetic
media) and for unstable materials (e.g. black-and-white acetate film) provided that a low RH can be
maintained.
Cold conditions are recommended for unstable materials, such as some colour photographs and cellulosic
based films.
Subzero conditions should be used to obtain the maximum life for all materials that can tolerate this
environment. It should also be used for unstable materials which have little tolerance for higher temperatures.
In some situations, chemical degradation might have already started as evidenced by the vinegar odour of
deteriorating acetate-base photo
...