Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation

ISO 15008:2017 specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing compliance with them have been included where necessary. ISO 15008:2017 is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to displays using: - characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol); - superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays); - pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera); - maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or - quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).

Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de commande et d'information des transports — Spécifications et modes opératoires pour la présentation visuelle à bord du véhicule

L'ISO 15008 :2017 spécifie les exigences minimales de qualité d'image et de lisibilité d'image des afficheurs qui fournissent au conducteur d'une voiture particulière des informations visuelles dynamiques (changeantes) issues des systèmes de commande et d'information des transports (TICS) embarqués utilisables pendant que le véhicule est en mouvement. Les véhicules lourds sont exclus pour les exigences de contraste et de taille de police de caractères, car ces paragraphes font référence à la norme ISO 4513 qui ne s'applique qu'aux voitures particulières. Ces exigences sont indépendantes des technologies d'affichage utilisées, alors que les méthodes d'essai et les mesures qui permettent d'évaluer la conformité aux spécifications sont indiquées si nécessaire. L'ISO 15008 :2017 est applicable principalement aux composantes perceptives et à certaines composantes cognitives fondamentales de l'information visuelle, y compris la lisibilité des caractères et la reconnaissance des couleurs. Elle n'est pas applicable à d'autres facteurs affectant les performances et le confort, tels que le codage, le format et les caractéristiques du dialogue, ni aux afficheurs utilisant: - des caractères présentés comme une partie d'un symbole ou d'information graphique (par exemple symbole CD), - des informations superposées à la scène extérieure au véhicule (par exemple affichages tête haute), - des images graphiques (par exemple d'une caméra de vue arrière), - des cartes et des représentations topographiques (par exemple celles pour régler les systèmes de navigation), ou - des informations quasi statiques (par exemple a.m./p.m., km/miles, kPa/psi, information On/Off).

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
01-Mar-2017
Technical Committee
ISO/TC 22/SC 39 - Ergonomics
Current Stage
9092 - International Standard to be revised
Start Date
19-Jun-2026
Completion Date
20-Jun-2026

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Overview

ISO 15008:2017 - Road vehicles - Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems - Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation - defines minimum ergonomic requirements for the image quality and legibility of dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to drivers of passenger cars. The standard focuses on perceptual (and some basic cognitive) aspects of in-vehicle displays used while the vehicle is in motion and is intended to be independent of display technology. It includes test procedures and measurement references to assess compliance. Note: heavy vehicles are partly excluded for contrast and font-size requirements, and certain display types (e.g., head‑up displays, pictorial images, maps, quasi-static indicators, and characters embedded in symbols) are outside its scope.

Key Topics and Requirements

ISO 15008:2017 covers practical technical areas that influence driver legibility and safety:

  • Design viewing position and illumination range - defining the driver eyellipse and ambient-light conditions for testing.
  • Display illumination, luminance and contrast - minimum contrast ratios, display polarity and brightness behavior across day/night and direct‑sunlight conditions.
  • Colour combinations and colour recognition - recommended combinations and measurement references to support accurate colour perception.
  • Alphanumerical character dimensions - requirements for character height, width/height proportion, stroke weight, spacing and case to ensure legibility.
  • Pixel matrix character format and non‑Latin scripts - guidance for pixel-based fonts, automotive symbols and non‑Latin character sets.
  • Reflections, glare and optical artifacts - assessment of specular reflections, disability/discomfort glare and mitigation.
  • Image stability and temporal characteristics - limits on image jitter, flicker and flashing that can distract or reduce readability.
  • Redundant information - principles for presenting the same information in parallel to support driver understanding.

Where necessary, the standard references test methods and measurement techniques to verify compliance.

Applications - Who Uses ISO 15008:2017

ISO 15008 is useful for:

  • Automotive OEMs and HMI designers specifying instrument clusters, center stacks and driver displays.
  • Display manufacturers developing in-car LCD, OLED or other display systems.
  • Human factors and ergonomics engineers validating driver readability and workload impact.
  • Compliance and test laboratories performing photometric and legibility measurements.
  • Regulators and certification bodies assessing safety-related presentation requirements.

Practical benefits include improved driver readability, reduced distraction risk, and a standardized basis for testing display ergonomics.

Related Standards

  • ISO 4513 - driver eyellipse definitions (referenced for viewing geometry)
  • SAE J1757/1:2015 - metrology for vehicular displays
  • CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV and CIE 85:1989 - photometric and lighting vocabulary and references

Keywords: ISO 15008:2017, in-vehicle displays, ergonomic, TICS, display legibility, contrast ratio, luminance, character dimensions, automotive HMI, driver readability.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 15008:2017 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation". This standard covers: ISO 15008:2017 specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing compliance with them have been included where necessary. ISO 15008:2017 is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to displays using: - characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol); - superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays); - pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera); - maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or - quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).

ISO 15008:2017 specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing compliance with them have been included where necessary. ISO 15008:2017 is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to displays using: - characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol); - superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays); - pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera); - maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or - quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).

ISO 15008:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.180 - Ergonomics; 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 15008:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 15005:2017, EN ISO 15008:2017, ISO 13990-3:2006, ISO 15008:2009. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO 15008:2017 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15008
Third edition
2017-02
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects
of transport information and control
systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual
presentation
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de
commande et d’information des transports — Spécifications et modes
opératoires pour la présentation visuelle à bord du véhicule
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements and measurement methods . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range . 5
4.2.1 Design viewing position . 5
4.2.2 Illumination range . 7
4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity . 7
4.3.1 Display illumination . 7
4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio . 7
4.3.3 Display mode .10
4.4 Colour combinations .10
4.5 Alphanumerical character dimensions .11
4.5.1 General.11
4.5.2 Height .11
4.5.3 Width by height ratio: Proportion of the typeface .11
4.5.4 Stroke width by height ratio: Weight of the typeface .12
4.5.5 Spacing .12
4.5.6 Case .13
4.6 Pixel matrix character format .14
4.6.1 Upper and lower case of alphanumeric Latin, Greek, Cyrillic characters .14
4.6.2 Automotive symbols .15
4.6.3 Non-Latin characters . .16
4.7 Reflections and glare .16
4.8 Characteristics of presentation .16
4.8.1 Image instability.16
4.8.2 Image flashing .16
4.9 Redundant information displays .17
Annex A (normative) Definition and measurement of character dimensions .18
Annex B (informative) Colour combinations .20
Annex C (informative) Terminology of typographic terms and visual dictionary .21
Bibliography .25
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 39,
Ergonomics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15008:2009), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
— Introduction was modified;
— Scope was modified (heavy vehicles partly excluded);
— test conditions for direct sunlight have been changed;
— character height was modified;
— character proportion was modified;
— character weight criterion was modified;
— intercharacter spacing was modified;
— word spacing was modified;
— a new subclause on text case was added;
— the subclause on character outlines was modified;
— a new subclause on character shadows was added;
— the subclause on Non-Roman text was modified and renamed Non-Latin.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Driving is a complex task requiring continuous allocation of attentional resources to both driving
and non-driving tasks. Because of this, driving is an interactive balance between cognitive, physical,
somatosensory, visual and psychomotor skills.
Driver and vehicle form an integrated system that includes the environment, vehicle controls, and
displays collectively defined as the transport information and control systems (TICS). Since driving
is an interactive systems activity, vehicle characteristics in combination with human capabilities
constitute important factors in the performance of this TIC system.
In order to achieve optimal driver performance, the purpose of TICS is to support drivers in their
primary task such that performance, comfort and safety are increased and overall driver workload is
not negatively influenced by the use of TICS. One set of factors influencing this process involves the
characteristics of visual displays. Specifically, those aspects of displays designed to accommodate
human capabilities, the range of illumination conditions and location of the display with respect
to the driver. This is especially important since visual specifications must include a wide range of
environmental conditions and constitute only one necessary condition for adequate performance,
comfort and workload. The purpose of this document is to standardize visual presentation.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15008:2017(E)
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport
information and control systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays
containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-
board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy
vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference
ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be
independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing
compliance with them have been included where necessary.
This document is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the
visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other
factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to
displays using:
— characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol);
— superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays);
— pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera);
— maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or
— quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4513, Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver’s eye location
CIE 85:1989, Solar spectral irradiance
SAE J1757/1:2015, Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays
CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, International lighting vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
adaptation
adjustment of the eye’s sensitivity to the brightness (3.2) of the observed visual field by chemical and
physical processes within the eye
Note 1 to entry: Dark adaptation occurs at a slower rate than does light adaptation.
3.2
brightness
subjective attribute of light sensation by which a stimulus appears to be more or less intense or to emit
more or less light
3.3
chromatic
having hue or being coloured, appearing different in quality from a neutral grey having the same
brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: It is related to the colour properties of a visual stimulus.
3.4
contrast ratio
R
C
ratio between the luminance L and the luminance L
high low
L
high
Note 1 to entry: R = .
C
L
low
Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast and saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV. In CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, it is referred as luminance
contrast ratio.
3.5
critical specular line
CSL
line from the centre of the display to the centre of the eyellipse (3.10)
3.6
cyclopean eyellipse
elliptical volume combining the left and the right eyellipse (3.10) of the driver into one single volume
located in the centre between them
3.7
day condition
condition with diffuse ambient light
3.8
direct sunlight condition
condition under which the viewing conditions are mainly influenced by direct light from the sun on the
display surface
3.9
dynamic information
information that has more than two stages of change
3.10
eyellipse
elliptical shape of the driver eye range
Note 1 to entry: As defined in ISO 4513.
Note 2 to entry: See definition of 95th percentile eyellipse in ISO 4513.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Note 3 to entry: It is the contraction of the words “eye” and “ellipse”.
3.11
flash
intended periodic variation of the luminance of a light or visual information, normally from “OFF” to a
given value, typically used for attracting attention
Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.12
flicker
unintended perceived temporal variation of the brightness (3.2) of a visual stimulus, usually generated
by refresh process of the display content or by variation of the luminance of the backlight
Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.13
disability glare
dazzling or disabling effect produced by a bright light
Note 1 to entry: This is a retinal effect, primarily caused by light scatter in the eye, which produces a luminous
veil over the retinal image and thus reduces contrast.
3.14
discomfort glare
distracting or disrupting effect of bright point sources in the field of view
Note 1 to entry: This is a perceptual effect, interfering with visual attention and selection.
3.15
jitter
unintended periodic movement of an image or parts of it
3.16
legibility
visual properties of a character or graphics representation that determine the ease with which it can be
recognized
Note 1 to entry: See also readability (3.21).
3.17
map
representation on plane surface of the features of a connected part of the earth surface (especially
of the road and traffic environment), shown in their representative forms, sizes and relationship in
accordance with some convention of representation
3.18
night condition
condition of low ambient illumination under which the adaptation (3.1) level of the driver is mainly
influenced by the portion of the road ahead covered by the vehicle’s own headlights and surrounding
street lights, and display and instrument brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Low ambient illumination is less than 50 lx.
3.19
pixel
smallest selectively addressable element of the display surface capable of reproducing the full range of
luminance and colours
Note 1 to entry: “Pixel” is an abbreviated term for “picture element”.
Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.20
quasi-static information
information that has a limited number of states, where one or another state
is always displayed and does not change frequently
EXAMPLE AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, on/off information.
3.21
readability
visual properties of a series of characters or words that determine the ease with which they can be read
Note 1 to entry: See also legibility (3.16).
3.22
redundantly presented information
information which is presented in parallel by different means or at different positions
EXAMPLE 1 Speed can be displayed in both analogue and digital format.
EXAMPLE 2 Turn-by-turn navigation can be displayed on a central display and in parallel in the instrument
cluster.
3.23
segment
pre-defined geometric form that can be used to create a character or symbol in whole or in part
EXAMPLE Stroke.
3.24
static information
information that does not change, especially physical units
EXAMPLE km, miles, kPa, PSI, mph, kph.
3.25
twilight condition
condition between night condition (3.18) and day condition (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: In twilight condition, the setting of the display illumination might be in day or night setting.
4 Requirements and measurement methods
4.1 General
The following requirements shall be complied with to ensure that images on the visual displays used in
on-board TICS equipment are legible.
Conformity of the presented images to the requirements specified in this document shall be tested at
an ambient temperature within the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. The test shall not start until the illumination
has reached a stable state. The requirements are accompanied by standard measurement conditions in
terms of ambient illuminance and observer positions. Methods for measurement of contrast shall be in
accordance with SAE J1757/1.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range
4.2.1 Design viewing position
The requirements in this subclause are applicable to displays in their installed vehicle locations, as seen
from any point in the driver eyellipses according to ISO 4513 (for passenger vehicles only).
If the display is fixed to the vehicle, the relevant requirements shall be complied with from the
rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse. If the orientation of the display is adjustable, the display may
be adjusted so that a position can be found in which all the relevant requirements are complied with
simultaneously. For direct sunlight conditions, the requirements of contrast (see 4.3.2) shall only be
fulfilled in the direction of the critical specular line (CSL) (see Figure 1).
Standard default values for angles (45°/20°) as an alternative for direct sunlight measurements are
acceptable (see SAE J1757/1).
a)  Display at right-hand side of driver
b)  Side view
c)  Plan view
Key
1 display 4L left eyellipse
2 centre of the display 4R right eyellipse
3 rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse 5 centre of the cyclopean eyellipse
4C cyclopean eyellipse N display perpendicular direction
Figure 1 — Design viewing position
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.2.2 Illumination range
4.2.2.1 The design illumination range establishes the four conditions of:
— night;
— twilight;
— day with diffuse ambient light; and
— day with direct sunlight.
4.2.2.2 Night condition is replicated in a dark environment, such that the maximum illuminance on
the object to be measured shall not exceed 10 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement
procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, Table 1.
4.2.2.3 Twilight condition is replicated with a measurement condition specified in SAE J1757/1:2015,
4.1.2.4 and Table 1. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard diffuse
reflector) shall be 250 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. If the display setting is brought into the night-
time setting manually or automatically (e.g. triggered by the head lamp switch or a sun load sensor), the
displayed information shall meet the twilight requirements in 4.3.2 in the night-time setting. If the driver
can manually change the setting of the display to a higher contrast, the measurement may be made in
that display setting.
4.2.2.4 Day condition with diffuse ambient light is replicated with ambient light omni-directional
to the point of measurement. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard
diffuse reflector) shall be 5 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement procedure,
see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.
4.2.2.5 Direct sunlight condition is replicated with a standard measurement condition. The
illuminance at the point of measurement shall be 45 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the
measurement procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.
4.2.2.6 For day and direct sunlight and for twilight conditions in the measurement procedure
in accordance with SAE J1757/1, an artificial illumination system with light type similar to that of
CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (±20 %) shall be used. Light sources with large spikes in the spectrum (e.g.
fluorescent lamps) should be avoided; metal halide lamps are more appropriate due to their energy in
the blue part of the spectrum. The colour temperature is secondary to this issue.
4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity
4.3.1 Display illumination
Due to the very wide range of ambient illuminations that determine the adaptation level of the driver,
the display illumination should have a brightness control which allows adjustment over a suitable range.
4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio
4.3.2.1 Requirements
The minimum contrast ratio between symbol and background shall be as follows:
— 5:1 for night condition;
— 3:1 for twilight condition;
— 3:1 for day condition;
— 2:1 for direct sunlight condition.
This is especially important if characters are close to the minimum requirements for the dimensions
(see 4.5). Lower contrast should be excluded except for chara
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15008
Third edition
2017-02
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects
of transport information and control
systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual
presentation
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de
commande et d’information des transports — Spécifications et modes
opératoires pour la présentation visuelle à bord du véhicule
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements and measurement methods . 4
4.1 General . 4
4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range . 5
4.2.1 Design viewing position . 5
4.2.2 Illumination range . 7
4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity . 7
4.3.1 Display illumination . 7
4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio . 7
4.3.3 Display mode .10
4.4 Colour combinations .10
4.5 Alphanumerical character dimensions .11
4.5.1 General.11
4.5.2 Height .11
4.5.3 Width by height ratio: Proportion of the typeface .11
4.5.4 Stroke width by height ratio: Weight of the typeface .12
4.5.5 Spacing .12
4.5.6 Case .13
4.6 Pixel matrix character format .14
4.6.1 Upper and lower case of alphanumeric Latin, Greek, Cyrillic characters .14
4.6.2 Automotive symbols .15
4.6.3 Non-Latin characters . .16
4.7 Reflections and glare .16
4.8 Characteristics of presentation .16
4.8.1 Image instability.16
4.8.2 Image flashing .16
4.9 Redundant information displays .17
Annex A (normative) Definition and measurement of character dimensions .18
Annex B (informative) Colour combinations .20
Annex C (informative) Terminology of typographic terms and visual dictionary .21
Bibliography .25
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 39,
Ergonomics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15008:2009), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
— Introduction was modified;
— Scope was modified (heavy vehicles partly excluded);
— test conditions for direct sunlight have been changed;
— character height was modified;
— character proportion was modified;
— character weight criterion was modified;
— intercharacter spacing was modified;
— word spacing was modified;
— a new subclause on text case was added;
— the subclause on character outlines was modified;
— a new subclause on character shadows was added;
— the subclause on Non-Roman text was modified and renamed Non-Latin.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Driving is a complex task requiring continuous allocation of attentional resources to both driving
and non-driving tasks. Because of this, driving is an interactive balance between cognitive, physical,
somatosensory, visual and psychomotor skills.
Driver and vehicle form an integrated system that includes the environment, vehicle controls, and
displays collectively defined as the transport information and control systems (TICS). Since driving
is an interactive systems activity, vehicle characteristics in combination with human capabilities
constitute important factors in the performance of this TIC system.
In order to achieve optimal driver performance, the purpose of TICS is to support drivers in their
primary task such that performance, comfort and safety are increased and overall driver workload is
not negatively influenced by the use of TICS. One set of factors influencing this process involves the
characteristics of visual displays. Specifically, those aspects of displays designed to accommodate
human capabilities, the range of illumination conditions and location of the display with respect
to the driver. This is especially important since visual specifications must include a wide range of
environmental conditions and constitute only one necessary condition for adequate performance,
comfort and workload. The purpose of this document is to standardize visual presentation.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15008:2017(E)
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport
information and control systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
1 Scope
This document specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays
containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-
board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy
vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference
ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be
independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing
compliance with them have been included where necessary.
This document is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the
visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other
factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to
displays using:
— characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol);
— superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays);
— pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera);
— maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or
— quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4513, Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver’s eye location
CIE 85:1989, Solar spectral irradiance
SAE J1757/1:2015, Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays
CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, International lighting vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
adaptation
adjustment of the eye’s sensitivity to the brightness (3.2) of the observed visual field by chemical and
physical processes within the eye
Note 1 to entry: Dark adaptation occurs at a slower rate than does light adaptation.
3.2
brightness
subjective attribute of light sensation by which a stimulus appears to be more or less intense or to emit
more or less light
3.3
chromatic
having hue or being coloured, appearing different in quality from a neutral grey having the same
brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: It is related to the colour properties of a visual stimulus.
3.4
contrast ratio
R
C
ratio between the luminance L and the luminance L
high low
L
high
Note 1 to entry: R = .
C
L
low
Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast and saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV. In CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, it is referred as luminance
contrast ratio.
3.5
critical specular line
CSL
line from the centre of the display to the centre of the eyellipse (3.10)
3.6
cyclopean eyellipse
elliptical volume combining the left and the right eyellipse (3.10) of the driver into one single volume
located in the centre between them
3.7
day condition
condition with diffuse ambient light
3.8
direct sunlight condition
condition under which the viewing conditions are mainly influenced by direct light from the sun on the
display surface
3.9
dynamic information
information that has more than two stages of change
3.10
eyellipse
elliptical shape of the driver eye range
Note 1 to entry: As defined in ISO 4513.
Note 2 to entry: See definition of 95th percentile eyellipse in ISO 4513.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Note 3 to entry: It is the contraction of the words “eye” and “ellipse”.
3.11
flash
intended periodic variation of the luminance of a light or visual information, normally from “OFF” to a
given value, typically used for attracting attention
Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.12
flicker
unintended perceived temporal variation of the brightness (3.2) of a visual stimulus, usually generated
by refresh process of the display content or by variation of the luminance of the backlight
Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.13
disability glare
dazzling or disabling effect produced by a bright light
Note 1 to entry: This is a retinal effect, primarily caused by light scatter in the eye, which produces a luminous
veil over the retinal image and thus reduces contrast.
3.14
discomfort glare
distracting or disrupting effect of bright point sources in the field of view
Note 1 to entry: This is a perceptual effect, interfering with visual attention and selection.
3.15
jitter
unintended periodic movement of an image or parts of it
3.16
legibility
visual properties of a character or graphics representation that determine the ease with which it can be
recognized
Note 1 to entry: See also readability (3.21).
3.17
map
representation on plane surface of the features of a connected part of the earth surface (especially
of the road and traffic environment), shown in their representative forms, sizes and relationship in
accordance with some convention of representation
3.18
night condition
condition of low ambient illumination under which the adaptation (3.1) level of the driver is mainly
influenced by the portion of the road ahead covered by the vehicle’s own headlights and surrounding
street lights, and display and instrument brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Low ambient illumination is less than 50 lx.
3.19
pixel
smallest selectively addressable element of the display surface capable of reproducing the full range of
luminance and colours
Note 1 to entry: “Pixel” is an abbreviated term for “picture element”.
Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance
contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.20
quasi-static information
information that has a limited number of states, where one or another state
is always displayed and does not change frequently
EXAMPLE AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, on/off information.
3.21
readability
visual properties of a series of characters or words that determine the ease with which they can be read
Note 1 to entry: See also legibility (3.16).
3.22
redundantly presented information
information which is presented in parallel by different means or at different positions
EXAMPLE 1 Speed can be displayed in both analogue and digital format.
EXAMPLE 2 Turn-by-turn navigation can be displayed on a central display and in parallel in the instrument
cluster.
3.23
segment
pre-defined geometric form that can be used to create a character or symbol in whole or in part
EXAMPLE Stroke.
3.24
static information
information that does not change, especially physical units
EXAMPLE km, miles, kPa, PSI, mph, kph.
3.25
twilight condition
condition between night condition (3.18) and day condition (3.7)
Note 1 to entry: In twilight condition, the setting of the display illumination might be in day or night setting.
4 Requirements and measurement methods
4.1 General
The following requirements shall be complied with to ensure that images on the visual displays used in
on-board TICS equipment are legible.
Conformity of the presented images to the requirements specified in this document shall be tested at
an ambient temperature within the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. The test shall not start until the illumination
has reached a stable state. The requirements are accompanied by standard measurement conditions in
terms of ambient illuminance and observer positions. Methods for measurement of contrast shall be in
accordance with SAE J1757/1.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range
4.2.1 Design viewing position
The requirements in this subclause are applicable to displays in their installed vehicle locations, as seen
from any point in the driver eyellipses according to ISO 4513 (for passenger vehicles only).
If the display is fixed to the vehicle, the relevant requirements shall be complied with from the
rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse. If the orientation of the display is adjustable, the display may
be adjusted so that a position can be found in which all the relevant requirements are complied with
simultaneously. For direct sunlight conditions, the requirements of contrast (see 4.3.2) shall only be
fulfilled in the direction of the critical specular line (CSL) (see Figure 1).
Standard default values for angles (45°/20°) as an alternative for direct sunlight measurements are
acceptable (see SAE J1757/1).
a)  Display at right-hand side of driver
b)  Side view
c)  Plan view
Key
1 display 4L left eyellipse
2 centre of the display 4R right eyellipse
3 rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse 5 centre of the cyclopean eyellipse
4C cyclopean eyellipse N display perpendicular direction
Figure 1 — Design viewing position
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.2.2 Illumination range
4.2.2.1 The design illumination range establishes the four conditions of:
— night;
— twilight;
— day with diffuse ambient light; and
— day with direct sunlight.
4.2.2.2 Night condition is replicated in a dark environment, such that the maximum illuminance on
the object to be measured shall not exceed 10 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement
procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, Table 1.
4.2.2.3 Twilight condition is replicated with a measurement condition specified in SAE J1757/1:2015,
4.1.2.4 and Table 1. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard diffuse
reflector) shall be 250 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. If the display setting is brought into the night-
time setting manually or automatically (e.g. triggered by the head lamp switch or a sun load sensor), the
displayed information shall meet the twilight requirements in 4.3.2 in the night-time setting. If the driver
can manually change the setting of the display to a higher contrast, the measurement may be made in
that display setting.
4.2.2.4 Day condition with diffuse ambient light is replicated with ambient light omni-directional
to the point of measurement. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard
diffuse reflector) shall be 5 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement procedure,
see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.
4.2.2.5 Direct sunlight condition is replicated with a standard measurement condition. The
illuminance at the point of measurement shall be 45 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the
measurement procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.
4.2.2.6 For day and direct sunlight and for twilight conditions in the measurement procedure
in accordance with SAE J1757/1, an artificial illumination system with light type similar to that of
CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (±20 %) shall be used. Light sources with large spikes in the spectrum (e.g.
fluorescent lamps) should be avoided; metal halide lamps are more appropriate due to their energy in
the blue part of the spectrum. The colour temperature is secondary to this issue.
4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity
4.3.1 Display illumination
Due to the very wide range of ambient illuminations that determine the adaptation level of the driver,
the display illumination should have a brightness control which allows adjustment over a suitable range.
4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio
4.3.2.1 Requirements
The minimum contrast ratio between symbol and background shall be as follows:
— 5:1 for night condition;
— 3:1 for twilight condition;
— 3:1 for day condition;
— 2:1 for direct sunlight condition.
This is especially important if characters are close to the minimum requirements for the dimensions
(see 4.5). Lower contrast should be excluded except for chara
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 15008
Troisième édition
2017-09
Véhicules routiers — Aspects
ergonomiques des systèmes de
commande et d'information des
transports — Spécifications et modes
opératoires pour la présentation
visuelle à bord du véhicule
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and
control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle
visual presentation
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2017
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2017, Publié en Suisse
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
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l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
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ii © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Exigences et méthodes de mesure . 5
4.1 Généralités . 5
4.2 Position d'observation du montage et plage d'éclairement . 5
4.2.1 Position d'observation du montage . 5
4.2.2 Plage d'éclairement . 7
4.3 Éclairement lumineux de l'afficheur, contraste minimal, luminance et polarité . 8
4.3.1 Éclairement lumineux de l'afficheur . 8
4.3.2 Rapport de contraste minimal . 8
4.3.3 Mode de l'afficheur .11
4.4 Combinaisons de couleurs .11
4.5 Dimensions des caractères alphanumériques .12
4.5.1 Généralités .12
4.5.2 Hauteur .12
4.5.3 Rapport de la largeur à la hauteur: proportion de la police de caractères .12
4.5.4 Rapport de la largeur à la hauteur du trait: épaisseur de la police de caractères 13
4.5.5 Espacement .13
4.5.6 Casse .14
4.6 Format de caractères des matrices de points .15
4.6.1 Majuscule et minuscule de caractères alphanumériques latins, grecs
et cyrilliques .15
4.6.2 Symboles automobiles .17
4.6.3 Caractères non latins .17
4.7 Reflets et éblouissement .17
4.8 Caractéristiques de présentation .17
4.8.1 Instabilité de l'image .17
4.8.2 Clignotement de l'image .18
4.9 Afficheurs d'information redondante .18
Annexe A (normative) Définition et mesure des dimensions des caractères .19
Annexe B (informative) Combinaison de couleurs .21
Annexe C (informative) Terminologie de termes typographiques et dictionnaire visuel .22
Bibliographie .26
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le comité responsable du présent document est l'ISO/TC 22, Véhicules routiers, sous-comité SC 39,
Ergonomie.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 15008:2009), qui a fait l'objet des
modifications suivantes:
— modification de l’introduction,
— modification du domaine d'application (véhicules lourds partiellement exclus),
— modification des conditions d’essai de lumière solaire directe,
— modification de la hauteur de caractère,
— modification de la proportion des caractères,
— modification du critère de poids de caractère,
— modification de l’espacement entre les caractères,
— modification de l’espacement entre les mots,
— ajout d’un nouveau paragraphe relatif à la casse du texte,
— modification du paragraphe relatif au détourage de caractère,
— ajout d’un nouveau paragraphe relatif aux effets d'ombre de caractère,
— modification du paragraphe relatif au texte non romain et nouvel intitulé «Non latin».
iv © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
La conduite d’un véhicule est une tâche complexe exigeant de consacrer une attention continue à la fois
aux tâches de conduite et à d’autres tâches. De ce fait, la conduite représente un équilibre interactif
entre les capacités cognitives, physiques, somatosensorielles, visuelles et psychomotrices.
Le conducteur et le véhicule constituent un système intégré comprenant l'environnement, les
commandes du véhicule et les afficheurs, définis collectivement en tant que «systèmes de commande et
d'information des transports (TICS)». La conduite étant une activité liée à des systèmes interactifs, les
caractéristiques d’un véhicule associées aux aptitudes humaines constituent des facteurs essentiels au
fonctionnement de ce système TIC.
Pour atteindre des performances optimales de conduite, l’objectif des TICS est d’aider les conducteurs
dans leur tâche primaire de manière à améliorer les performances, le confort et la sécurité, sans avoir
d’effet défavorable sur la charge de travail globale par l’utilisation des TICS. Les caractéristiques
visuelles des systèmes d'affichage constituent l’un des facteurs influant sur ce processus. Il s'agit
plus précisément des aspects relatifs aux afficheurs, conçus pour s’adapter aux aptitudes humaines,
aux plages de conditions d'éclairage et à la position de l'afficheur par rapport au conducteur. Cela est
d’autant plus important que les spécifications visuelles doivent inclure une large plage de conditions
environnementales et ne constituent seulement qu'une des conditions nécessaires à des performances,
à un confort et à une charge de travail satisfaisants. Le présent document a pour objet de normaliser la
présentation visuelle.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 15008:2017(F)
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes
de commande et d'information des transports —
Spécifications et modes opératoires pour la présentation
visuelle à bord du véhicule
1 Domaine d'application
Cedocument spécifie les exigences minimales de qualité d'image et de lisibilité d'image des afficheurs
qui fournissent au conducteur d'une voiture particulière des informations visuelles dynamiques
(changeantes) issues des systèmes de commande et d'information des transports (TICS) embarqués
utilisables pendant que le véhicule est en mouvement. Les véhicules lourds sont exclus pour les
exigences de contraste et de taille de police de caractères, car ces paragraphes font référence à la
norme ISO 4513 qui ne s’applique qu’aux voitures particulières. Ces exigences sont indépendantes des
technologies d'affichage utilisées, alors que les méthodes d'essai et les mesures qui permettent d'évaluer
la conformité aux spécifications sont indiquées si nécessaire.
Ce document est applicable principalement aux composantes perceptives et à certaines composantes
cognitives fondamentales de l'information visuelle, y compris la lisibilité des caractères et la
reconnaissance des couleurs. Elle n'est pas applicable à d'autres facteurs affectant les performances et
le confort, tels que le codage, le format et les caractéristiques du dialogue, ni aux afficheurs utilisant:
— des caractères présentés comme une partie d'un symbole ou d'information graphique (par exemple
symbole CD),
— des informations superposées à la scène extérieure au véhicule (par exemple affichages tête haute),
— des images graphiques (par exemple d'une caméra de vue arrière),
— des cartes et des représentations topographiques (par exemple celles pour régler les systèmes de
navigation), ou
— des informations quasi statiques (par exemple a.m./p.m., km/miles, kPa/psi, information On/Off).
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour
les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition
du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 4513, Véhicules routiers — Visibilité — Méthode de détermination des ellipses oculaires correspondant
à l’emplacement des yeux des conducteurs
CIE 85:1989, Éclairement énergétique de rayonnement solaire
SAE J1757/1:2015, Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays
CIE S 017/E: 2011 ILV, Vocabulaire international de l'éclairage
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans la norme CEI S 017/E:2011
ILV ainsi que les suivants s'appliquent.
L'ISO et l'IEC maintiennent à jour une base de données de la terminologie utilisée en normalisation aux
adresses suivantes:
— IEC Electropedia: disponible sous http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible sous http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
adaptation
ajustement de la sensibilité de l'œil à la luminosité (3.2) du champ visuel observé par des processus
chimiques et physiques intraoculaires
Note 1 à l'article: L'adaptation à l'obscurité est plus lente que l'adaptation à la lumière.
3.2
luminosité
qualificatif subjectif de la sensation de lumière sous l'effet de laquelle un stimulus paraît plus ou moins
intense ou paraît émettre plus ou moins de lumière
3.3
chromatique
qui possède une teinte ou une coloration, c'est-à-dire qui apparaît différent, en qualité, d'un gris neutre
de même luminosité (3.2)
Note 1 à l'article: Ce qualificatif concerne les propriétés de couleur d'un stimulus visuel.
3.4
rapport de contraste
R
C
luminance L divisée par la luminance L
high low
L
high
Note 1 à l'article: R =
C
L
low
Note 2 à l'article: Les termes et définitions relatifs aux grandeurs lumineuses (par exemple éclairement lumineux,
luminance, contraste de luminance et saturation) sont donnés dans la norme CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV. Dans la norme
CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, il est désigné par «rapport de contraste de luminance».
3.5
ligne spéculaire critique
CSL
ligne allant du centre de l'afficheur vers le centre de l'ellipse oculaire (3.10)
3.6
ellipse oculaire cyclopéenne
volume elliptique combinant l'ellipse oculaire (3.10) gauche et droite du conducteur dans un seul volume
situé au centre des deux ellipses constituantes
3.7
condition de jour
condition en lumière ambiante diffuse
3.8
condition de lumière solaire directe
condition dans laquelle les conditions d'observation sont principalement influencées par la lumière
solaire directe sur la surface de l'afficheur
3.9
information dynamique
information qui a plus de deux états possibles
2 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

3.10
ellipse oculaire
forme elliptique des positions de l'œil du conducteur
Note 1 à l'article: Comme définie dans la norme ISO 4513.
e
Note 2 à l'article: Voir la définition de l'ellipse oculaire du 95 percentile dans la norme ISO 4513.
Note 3 à l'article: En anglais «eyellipse» est la contraction des mots «eye» et «ellipse».
3.11
clignotement
variation périodique voulue de la luminance d'une lumière ou d'une information visuelle, s'effectuant
normalement entre un état «éteint» et une valeur donnée, utilisée généralement pour attirer l'attention
Note 1 à l'article: Les termes et définitions relatifs aux grandeurs lumineuses (par exemple éclairement lumineux,
luminance, rapport de contraste (3.4) de luminance et saturation) sont donnés dans la norme CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.12
scintillement
variation non intentionnelle mais perceptible dans le temps de la luminosité (3.2) d'un stimulus visuel,
généralement produite par un processus de rafraîchissement du contenu de l'affichage ou par la
variation de la luminance du rétroéclairage
Note 1 à l'article: Les termes et définitions relatifs aux grandeurs lumineuses (par exemple éclairement lumineux,
luminance, rapport de contraste (3.4) de luminance, saturation) sont donnés dans la norme CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.13
éblouissement d'incapacité
effet aveuglant ou incapacitant produit par une lumière brillante
Note 1 à l'article: C'est un effet rétinien, essentiellement causé par la diffusion de la lumière dans l'œil, qui produit
un voile lumineux sur l'image rétinienne et réduit ainsi le contraste.
3.14
éblouissement de gêne
effet gênant ou perturbant de sources ponctuelles brillantes dans le champ de vision
Note 1 à l'article: C'est un effet perceptif perturbant l'attention visuelle et la sélection.
3.15
instabilité
mouvement périodique non intentionnel d'une image ou de parties d'une image
3.16
lisibilité
effet relatif aux propriétés visuelles d'un caractère ou d'une représentation graphique qui déterminent
la facilité avec laquelle ce caractère ou cette représentation graphique peuvent être reconnus
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également facilité de lecture (3.21).
3.17
carte
représentation sur une surface plane des caractéristiques d'une partie connectée de la surface terrestre
(en particulier les caractéristiques des routes et de l'environnement routier), celles-ci apparaissant
avec des formes, des dimensions et des relations représentatives, conformes à un certain nombre de
conventions de représentation
3.18
condition de nuit
condition en éclairage ambiant faible, où le niveau d'adaptation (3.1) du conducteur est principalement
influencé par la portion de la route, devant lui, éclairée par les feux avant du véhicule et par les
lampadaires de la route, ainsi que par l'affichage et la luminosité (3.2) de l'instrument
Note 1 à l'article: Un éclairage ambiant faible est inférieur à 50 lx.
3.19
pixel
élément le plus petit séparément adressable de la surface d'affichage, à même de reproduire toute la
plage de luminance et de couleurs
Note 1 à l'article: Le mot «pixel» est en anglais l'abréviation de «picture element» («élément d'image»).
Note 2 à l'article: Les termes et définitions relatifs aux grandeurs lumineuses (par exemple éclairement lumineux,
luminance, rapport de contraste (3.4) de luminance, saturation) sont donnés dans la norme CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.20
information quasi statique
information qui a un nombre limité d'états, dans laquelle l'un ou l'autre
état est toujours affiché et ne change pas fréquemment
EXEMPLE a.m./p.m., km/miles, kPa/psi, information On/Off.
3.21
lisibilité
propriétés visuelles d'une série de caractères ou de mots qui déterminent la facilité avec laquelle ce
caractère ou ce mot peuvent être lus
Note 1 à l'article: Voir également lisibilité (3.16).
3.22
information présentée de manière redondante
information qui est présentée simultanément par des moyens différents ou à des positions différentes
EXEMPLE 1 La vitesse peut être affichée en même temps en format analogique et en format numérique.
EXEMPLE 2 Les indications de changements de direction données par la navigation peuvent être affichées sur
un afficheur central et en parallèle dans le groupe d'instrument.
3.23
segment
forme géométrique prédéfinie qui peut être utilisée pour créer un caractère ou un symbole en entier ou
en partie
EXEMPLE Un trait.
3.24
information statique
information qui ne change pas, notamment les unités physiques
EXEMPLE km, miles, kPa, psi, miles/h, km/h.
3.25
condition de crépuscule
condition située entre condition de nuit (3.18) et condition de jour (3.7)
Note 1 à l'article: En condition de crépuscule, le réglage de l'éclairage de l'afficheur peut être en position de jour
ou de nuit.
4 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

4 Exigences et méthodes de mesure
4.1 Généralités
Les exigences minimales suivantes doivent être respectées de manière à s'assurer que les images des
écrans de visualisation utilisées dans les TICS embarqués sont lisibles.
La conformité des images présentées aux exigences spécifiées dans le présent document doit être
contrôlée à une température ambiante comprise entre 18 °C et 28 °C. L'essai ne doit pas débuter tant que
l'éclairement n'a pas atteint un état stable. Les exigences sont accompagnées de conditions de mesure
normales en termes d'éclairement lumineux ambiant et de positions de l'observateur. Les méthodes de
mesure du contraste doivent être conformes à la norme SAE J1757/1.
4.2 Position d'observation du montage et plage d'éclairement
4.2.1 Position d'observation du montage
Les exigences de ce paragraphe s'appliquent aux afficheurs installés dans le véhicule dans leur position
normale et observés à partir d'un point quelconque des ellipses oculaires du conducteur conformément
à la norme ISO 4513 (qui ne concerne que les voitures particulières).
Si l'afficheur est fixé au véhicule, les exigences pertinentes doivent être respectées pour le point le plus
en arrière de l'ellipse oculaire cyclopéenne. L'afficheur, si son orientation est réglable, peut être ajusté
dans une position où toutes les exigences pertinentes sont respectées simultanément. En conditions de
lumière solaire directe, les exigences de contraste (voir 4.3.2) doivent être remplies seulement dans la
direction de la ligne spéculaire critique (CSL) (voir Figure 1).
Les valeurs normales d'angles par défaut (45°/20°) comme solution de rechange pour des mesures de
lumière solaire directe sont acceptables (voir la norme SAE J1757/1).
a) Afficheur installé à droite du conducteur
b) Vue de côté
6 © ISO 2017 – Tous droits réservés

c) Vue de dessus
Légende
1 afficheur 4L ellipse oculaire gauche
2 centre de l'afficheur 4R ellipse oculaire droite
3 point le plus en arrière 5 centre de l'ellipse oculaire cyclopéenne
de l'ellipse oculaire cyclopéenne
4C ellipse oculaire cyclopéenne N direction perpendiculaire à l'afficheur
Figure 1 — Position d'observation du montage
4.2.2 Plage d'éclairement
4.2.2.1 La plage d'éclairement conçue établit les quatre conditions suivantes:
— de nuit,
— de crépuscule,
— de jour avec lumière ambiante diffuse, et
— de jour avec lumière solaire directe.
4.2.2.2 La condition de nuit est reproduite dans un environnement sombre de sorte que l'éclairement
maximal sur l'objet à mesurer ne dépasse pas 10 lx, avec une tolérance relative de ± 5 %. Pour la
procédure de mesure, voir la norme SAE J1757/1:2015, Tableau 1.
4.2.2.3 La condition de crépuscule est reproduite avec une condition de mesure spécifiée dans la
norme SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1.2.4 et Tableau 1. La lumière ambiante mesurée à la surface de l'afficheur
(sur le réflecteur diffus normalisé) doit être de 250 lx, avec une tolérance relative de ± 5 %. Si le réglage de
l'afficheur est modifié en position de nuit de manière manuelle ou automatique (par exemple déclenché
par le bouton d'éclairage principal ou par un capteur d'intensité de lumière solaire), l'information affichée
doit remplir les exigences de crépuscule de 4.3.2 dans le réglage en position de nuit. Si le conducteur
peut changer manuellement le réglage de l'afficheur pour un contraste plus important, la mesure peut
être faite avec ce réglage de l'afficheur.
4.2.2.4 La condition de jour avec lumière ambiante diffuse est reproduite au moyen d'une lumière
ambiante omnidirectionnelle par rapport au point de mesure. La lumière ambiante mesurée à la surface
de l'afficheur (sur le réflecteur diffus normalisé) doit être de 5 klx, avec une tolérance relative de ± 5 %.
Pour la procédure de mesure, voir la norme SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 et Tableau 1.
4.2.2.5 La condition de lumière solaire directe est reproduite dans la condition de mesure normale.
L'éclairement au point de mesure doit être de 45 klx, avec une tolérance relative de ± 5 %. Pour la
procédure de mesure, voir la norme SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 et Tableau 1.
4.2.2.6 Pour reproduire les conditions de jour et de lumière solaire directe ainsi que la condition de
crépuscule dans la procédure de mesure selon la norme SAE J1757/1, un système d'éclairage artificiel
fournissant un type de lumière similaire à la lumière de la norme CIE 85:1989, Tableau 4 (±20 %) doit
être utilisé. Il convient d'éviter les sources lumineuses dont le spectre comporte des pics importants (par
exemple les lampes fluorescentes); les lampes aux halogénures métalliques sont plus recommandées en
raison de leur énergie dans la partie bleue du spectre lumineux. La température de couleur est secondaire
pour la question étudiée.
4.3 Éclairement lumineux de l'afficheur, contraste minimal, luminance et polarité
4.3.1 Éclairement lumineux de l'afficheur
En raison de la très large plage de l'éclairage ambiant qui conditionne le niveau d'adaptation du
conducteur, il convient que l'éclairement lumineux de l'afficheur ait une commande de la luminosité qui
permette un ajustement sur une plage appropriée.
4.3.2 Rapport de contraste minimal
4.3.2.1 Exigences
Le rapport de contraste minimal entre le symbole et le fond doit être comme suit:
— 5:1 pour les conditions de nuit,
— 3:1 pour les conditions de crépuscule,
— 3:1 pour les conditions de jour,
— 2:1 pour les conditions de lumière solaire directe.
Cela est particulièrement important si les dimensions des caractères sont proches des exigences
minimales (voir 4.5). Il convient d'exclure un faible contraste sauf pour des caractères qui sont
intentionnellement en gris dégradé ou désaturés en couleur pour indiquer un statut inactif.
4.3.2.2 Détourage de caractère
Si on ne peut pas fournir un rapport de contraste suffisant entre le caractère et son fond lors de phases
transitoires telles que les conditions d'aube et de crépuscule, des moyens supplémentaires
...