ISO 14649-121:2005

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14649-121
First edition
2005-09-01
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Physical device contro —
Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 121:
Tools for turning machines
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Commande des
dispositifs physiques — Modèle de données pour les contrôleurs
numériques informatisés —
Partie 121: Outils pour le tournage

Reference number
©
ISO 2005
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2005
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved

Contents
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Tools for turning machines .3
4.1 Header and references.3
4.2 Turning machine cutting tool .5
4.2.1 Cutting edge properties .6
4.2.2 Hand of tool type .9
4.3 Catalogue of turning tool.9
4.3.1 General turning tool .9
4.3.2 Turning threading tool .10
4.3.3 Grooving tool .11
4.3.4 Knurling tool .12
4.3.5 User defined turning tool.13
Annex A: (normative) EXPRESS expanded listing.14
Annex B: (informative) EXPRESS-G diagram.17
Index .21

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14649 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 14649-121 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation
systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 1, Physical device control.
ISO 14649 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and integration —
Physical device control — Data model for computerized numerical controllers:
NOTE Phase numbers below refer to the planned release phases of ISO 14649 which are described in Annex D
of ISO 14649-1:2002.
—  Part 1:  Overview and fundamental principles (Phase 1)
—  Part 10: General process data ( Phase 1)
—  Part 11: Process data for milling (Phase 1)
—  Part 12: Process data for turning (Phase 2)
—  Part 111: Tools for milling machines (Phase 1)
—  Part 121: Tools for turning machines (Phase 2)
Gaps in the numbering were left to allow further additions. ISO 14649-10 is the ISO 10303 Application Reference
Model (ARM) for process-independent data. ISO 10303 ARMs for specific technologies are added after part 10.
iv © ISO 2005– All rights reserved

Introduction
Modern manufacturing enterprises are built from facilities spread around the globe, which contain equipment from
hundreds of different manufacturers. Immense volumes of product information must be transferred between the
various facilities and machines. Today's digital communications standards have solved the problem of reliably
transferring information across global networks. For mechanical parts, the description of product data has been
standardized by ISO 10303. This leads to the possibility of using standard data throughout the entire process chain
in the manufacturing enterprise. Impediments to realizing this principle are the data formats used at the machine
level. Most computer numerical control (CNC) machines are programmed in the ISO 6983 “G and M code”
language. Programs are typically generated by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems that use computer-
aided design (CAD) information. However, ISO 6983 limits program portability for three reasons. First, the language
focuses on programming the tool center path with respect to machine axes, rather than the machining process with
respect to the part. Second, the standard defines the syntax of program statements, but in most cases leaves the
semantics ambiguous. Third, vendors usually supplement the language with extensions that are not covered in the
limited scope of ISO 6983.
ISO 14649 is a new model of data transfer between CAD/CAM systems and CNC machines, which replaces ISO
6983. It remedies the shortcomings of ISO 6983 by specifying machining processes rather than machine tool
motion, using the object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining
features and associated process parameters. CNCs are responsible for translating Workingsteps to axis motion
and tool operation. A major benefit of ISO 14649 is its use of existing data models from ISO 10303. As ISO 14649
provides a comprehensive model of the manufacturing process, it can also be used as the basis for a bi- and multi-
directional data exchange between all other information technology systems.
ISO 14649 represents an object oriented, information and context preserving approach for NC-programming that
supersedes data reduction to simple switching instructions or linear and circular movements. As it is object- and
feature oriented and describes the machining operations executed on the workpiece, and not machine dependent
axis motions, it will be running on different machine tools or controllers. This compatibility will spare all data
adaptations by postprocessors, if the new data model is correctly implemented on the NC controllers. If old NC
programs in ISO 6983 are to be used on such controllers, the corresponding interpreters shall be able to process
the different NC program types in parallel.
ISO TC 184/SC 1/WG 7 envisions a gradual evolution from ISO 6983 programming to portable feature-based
programming. Early adopters of ISO 14649 will certainly support data input of legacy “G and M codes” manually or
through programs, just as modern controllers support both command-line interfaces and graphical user interfaces.
This will likely be made easier as open-architecture controllers become more prevalent. Therefore, ISO 14649 does
not include legacy program statements, which would otherwise dilute the effectiveness of the standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14649-121:2005(E)

Industrial automation systems and integration — Physical
device control — Data model for computerized numerical
controllers —
Part 121:
Tools for turning machines
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14649 specifies the data elements describing cutting tool data for turning machine tools and
machining centres. They work together with ISO 14649-12, the process data for turning machine tools and
machining centres. These data elements can be used as criteria to select one of several operations; they do not
describe a complete information of a particular tool. Thus, leaving out optional attributes gives the controller more
freedom to select from a larger set of tools.
Note 1 The NC is assumed to have access to complete description of specific tools in a database. The
turning_machine_tool_schema defined in this part of ISO 14649 serves as a basic tool schema including
the information required by the CNC to select a tool from the machine tool’s tool turret.
Note 2 In ISO 6983, the tool is defined by its identifier (e.g. T8). No further information concerning the tool type or
geometry is given. This information is part of the tool set-up sheet, which is supplied with the NC-program
to the machine. The tool set-up sheet gives the relationship between the tool location (e.g. the slot 8 of
the tool magazine) and the type of tool (e.g. “drill 4 mm”).

This part of ISO 14649 includes the information which is contained in the tool set-up sheet:
• tool identifier;
• tool type;
• tool geometry;
• application dependent expected tool life.

The turning_machine_tool_schema does not include information which is part of the tool database. The tool
database is related to the machine tool and the tool itself but independent of the NC program. The following data
types are out of scope of this part of ISO 14649:
• normative tool life;
• tool location in the tool changer;
• adaptive items also know as tool holders or tool clamping devices;
• tools for other technologies such as milling, grinding, EDM.
Note 3 It is important to understand that all length measure types used in this part of ISO 14649 are not
toleranced length measure types because they are used to describe the tools required for the
manufacturing of a workpiece, not the actual dimensions of the tools available at the machine. A real tool
must be selected by the tool management based on the actual tool dimensions and the tolerances of
features.
Note 4 Tools in this part of the standard shall describe a tool at whole. No individual components (tool bodies,
inserts, or clamping units) are described.
Note 5 Tools for other technologies will be described in further parts of ISO 14649.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3002 -1:1993, Basic quantities in cutting and grinding — Part 1: Geometry of the active part of cutting tools —
General terms, reference systems, tool and working angles, chip breakers
ISO 5610:1998, Single-point tool holders for turning and copying, for indexable inserts — Dimensions
ISO 10303-11:2004, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303-41:2000, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 41: Integrated generic resource: Fundamentals of product description and support
ISO 10303-42:2003, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 42: Integrated generic resource: Geometric and topological representation
ISO 14649-10:2003, Industrial automation systems and integratio
...