ISO 23190:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23190
First edition
2021-06
Traditional Chinese medicine —
Determination of aristolochic acids in
natural products by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Médecine traditionnelle chinoise — Dosage des acides aristolochiques
dans les produits naturels par chromatographie liquide haute
performance (CLHP)
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 1
5 Principle . 2
6 Reagents . 2
7 Apparatus . 3
8 Test method . 3
8.1 General principle . 3
8.2 Caution and safety considerations . 3
8.3 Stock solution of standard . 3
8.4 HPLC condition . 3
8.4.1 Chromatographic system and system suitability . 3
8.4.2 Standard solution . 4
8.4.3 Test solution I . 4
8.4.4 Test solution II . 4
8.4.5 Procedure . 5
8.5 Method validation . 5
8.6 Evaluation of qualitative results . 5
9 Sampling and preservation of samples . 5
9.1 Sampling . 5
10 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Typical HPLC conditions . 7
Annex B (informative) Qualitative determination of aristolochic acid I by LC-MS .9
Bibliography .11
Foreword
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iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Aristolochic acids, a class of chemical compounds with renal toxicity, carcinogenic and mutagenic
toxicity, are widely distributed in over 350 species of plant from around the world, many of which have
been used as natural products to treat gout, arthritis, rheumatism and acute inflammation of the skin;
some species from North America have been used to treat snake bites. Clinical practice and research
have confirmed that long-term use of natural products containing aristolochic acids can cause chronic
renal failure and renal tubules, and natural products containing aristolochic acids have been prohibited
and restricted to use in clinics in many counties. Aristolochic acid toxicity is of great concern worldwide.
Safety and efficacy are basic requirements for the use of natural medicines. Although many natural
products containing aristolochic acids have been strictly controlled in clinics, some are still used as
raw herbal materials or to produce manufactured products such as asarum, Kaempfer dutchmanspipe
root, Herba Aristolochiae mollissimae, German birthwort, American snakeroot and Indian Aristolochia
tagala. In addition, some prohibited plant medicines are easily confused or misused during
manufacturing, which can cause large safety concerns in the application of natural products.
This document is beneficial for effectively supervising and reducing the toxic side effects of natural-
medicine-derived products and ensuring their safety and efficacy in clinical use.
The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is applied in organizations in such places
as Europe, China, the United States of America, Japan and the Republic of Korea for the determination
of aristolochic acid I, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The HPLC method is recommended
internationally for the qualitative determination of aristolochic acid I in natural products.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23190:2021(E)
Traditional Chinese medicine — Determination of
aristolochic acids in natural products by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC)
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to
determine the presence of aristolochic acid I in natural products.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
World Health Organization, Quality control methods for herbal materials. World Health Organization,
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
raw herbal material
medicinal part of medicinal plants after preliminary processing (3.2)
3.2
preliminary processing
physical technique of converting medicinal part of medicinal plants into raw herbal material (3.1)
3.3
extract
preparation containing the active ingredient of a substance from raw herbal material (3.1) in
concentrated form based on the standardized production process and meeting certain quality
standards
4 Abbreviated terms
DAD diode array detector
HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
UV ultraviolet absorption
LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
5 Principle
The HPLC method is employed to determine the presence of aristolochic acid I. The HPLC system
consists of a quaternary pump, continuous vacuum degasser, thermostated auto-sampler and column
compartment coupled to a variable wavelength diode array detector (DAD).
The aristolochic acid I determinable by this method is shown in Table 1. The chemical structure of
aristolochic acid I is given in Figure 1.
Table 1 — Aristolochic acid I determinable by this method
a
CA determinable S
Analyte Molecular formula Molar mass
No.
Aristolochic acid I C H NO 313–67–7 341,27
17 11 7
Figure 1 — Chemical structure of aristolochic acid I
6 Reagents
All reagents shall be of recognized chromatographic or analytical grade. The purity of the reagents used
shall be checked by running a blank determination. The chromatogram obtained from the solvents sh
...