ISO 10409:1993

IS0 10409:1993(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re-
presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(I EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 10409 was prepared by the American Petro-
leum Institute (API) (as RP lOE, 2nd edition) and was adopted, under a
special “fast-track procedure”, by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Mate-
rials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas in-
dustries, in parallel with its approval by the IS0 member bodies.
43 IS0 1993
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
II
0 IS0
IS0 10409:1993(E)
Introduction
International Standard IS0 10409:1993 reproduces the content of
API RP lOE, 2nd edition, 1987. ISO, in endorsing this API document, re-
cognizes that in certain respects the latter does not comply with all current
IS0 rules on the presentation and content of an International Standard.
Therefore, the relevant technical body, within ISO/TC 67, will review
IS0 10409:1993 and reissue it, when practicable, in a form complying with
these rules.
This standard is not intended to obviate the need for sound engineering
judgement as to when and where this standard should be utilized and
users of this standard should be aware that additional or differing require-
ments may be needed to meet the needs for the particular service in-
tended.
Standards referenced herein may be replaced by other international or
national standards that can be shown to meet or exceed the requirements
of the referenced standards.
Appendices A and C form an integral part of the requirements of this
standard.
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IS0 10409:1993(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Application
of cement lining to steel tubular goods, handling,
installation and joining
1 Scope
This International Standard lays down the minimum requirements for cement lining of steel pipe and tubing used
for shielding the steel from chemical corrosive attack encountered in the handling of oil field brines.
2 Requirements
Requirements are specified in:
“API Recommended Practice IOE (RP IOE), Second Edition, July 1, 1987 - Recommended Practice for Ap-
plica tion of Cement Lining To Steel Tubular Goods, Handling, Installation and Joining”,
which is adopted as IS0 10409.
For the purposes of international standardization, however, modifications shall apply to specific clauses and para-
graphs of publication API RP IOE. These modifications are outlined below.
Page 7
Information given in the POLICY STATEMENT is relevant to the API publication only.
Page 8
Foreword, paragraph C.
The referenced standards indicated hereafter are available under the following IS0 references:
API Std 5B as IS0 10422
API Spec 5L as IS0 3183-1
API Spec 10 as IS0 10426.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
(Blank page)
IS0 10409:1993(E)
Recommended Practice for
nt Lining
Application of Ce
To Steel Tubular ods, Handling,
Installation and Joining
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE IOE (RP 1OE)
SECOND EDITION, JULY 1, 1987
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, Northwest
Washington, DC 20005
IS0 10409:1993(E)
IS0 10409:1993(E)
Issued by
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE
Production Department
FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING TECHNICAL CONTENTS OF
THIS PUBLICATION CONTACT THE API PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT,
211 N. ERVAY, SUITE 1700, DALLAS, TX 75201 - (214) 220-9111.
SEE BACK SIDE FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING HOW TO OBTAIN
ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION.
Users of this publication should become completely familiar with its
scope and content. This document is intended to supplement rather
than replace individual engineering judgment.
Copyright @ 1987 American Petroleum Institute

IS0 10409:1993(E)
American Petroleum Institute
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Policy.~ .3
.
.........................................................
Foreword.
Section 1: Scope .6
.................................................
Section 2: Material . 6
Section 3: Method of Lining Pipe and Tubing
with Cement Lining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 4: Inspection and Rejection of Cement-Lined Pipe. . . *. . . . . 10
Section 5: Transportation, Handling and Installation
of Cement-Lined Tubular Goods. . . . . . - . . . . . . . I e O. . . . 11
Section 6: Physical Properties, Certification and Tests
of Cement for Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Section 7: Typical Problems Experienced with Cement-Lined
Tubular Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 8: Joining Cement-Lined Steel Tubular Goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Section 9: Repair Procedure Guidelines for a Welded
Steel Cement-Lined Pipe Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Appendix A:
Analysis of Sand in Cement Linings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Appendix B: Quality Control Test - Determination of Cement,
Sand and Pozzolan Ratios in Cement Lining . . . . . . *. 22
Appendix C: Evaluation of Internal Tubular Cement Lining
by Salt Water Flow Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *. . . . 23
Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or
NOTE: This is the second edition of this recom-
any part of the material published herein should be
mended practice. It was authorized for publication as a
addressed to the Director, Production Department,
tentative recommended practice at the 1977 Standardi-
American Petroleum Institute, 211 N. Ervay, Suite 1700,
zation Conference, and contains changes approved at
Dallas .TX 75201.
the 1985 and 1986 Standardization Conferences by
letter ballot of the Committee on Standardization of
Well Cements.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
RP 10E: Cement Lining of Steel Tubular Goods 3
POLICY STATEMENT
1. API publications necessarily address problems of a
patent. Neither should anything contained in the
general nature. With respect to particular circum-
publication be construed as insuring anyone against
stances, local, state and federal laws and regulations
liability for infringement of letters patent.
should be reviewed.
4. Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised,
reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years.
2. API is not undertaking to meet duties of employers,
Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years
manufacturers or suppliers to warn and properly
will be added to this review cycle. This publication
train and equip their employees, and others exposed,
will no longer be in effect five years after its publi-
concerning health and safety risks and precautions,
cation date as an operative API standard or, where
nor undertaking their obligations under local, state,
an extension has been granted, upon republication.
or federal laws.
Status of the publication can be ascertained from
3. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be the API Authoring Department (Tel. 202-682-8000).
construed as granting any right, by implication or A catalog of API publications and materials is
otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any published annually and updated quarterly by API,
method, apparatus, or product covered by letters 1220 L St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
IMPORTANT PNFORM~4TION CONCERNING USE OF ASBESTOS OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
Asbestos is specified or referenced for certain compo- 61.140 through 61.156; and the proposed rule by the
nents of the equipment described in some API stand- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), propos-
ards. It has been of great usefulness in minimizing fire ing labeling requirements and phased banning of
hazards associated with petroleum processing. It has asbestos products, published at 51 Federal Register
also been a universal sealing material, compatible with 3738-3759 (January 29,1986).
most petroleum fluid services.
There are currently in use and under development a
Certain serious adverse health effects are associated
number of substitute materials to replace asbestos in
with asbestos, among them the serious and often fatal
certain applications. Manufacturers and users are en-
diseases of lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma (a
couraged to develop and use effective substitute mate-
cancer of the chest and abdominal linings). The degree
rials which can meet the specifications for, and operat-
of exposure to asbestos varies with the product and the
ing requirements of, the equipment to which they
work practices involved.
would apply.
Consult the most recent edition of the U.S. Depart-
ment of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION WITH
istration (OSHA) Health Standard for Asbestos, 29
RESPECT TO PARTICULAR PRODUCTS OR
Code of Federal Regulations Section 191O:lOOl; the U.S.
MATERIALS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE
Environmental Protection Agency’s National Emission
EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUP-
Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants concerning
PLIER OF THAT PRODUCT OR MATERIAL, OR
Asbestos, 40 Code of Federal Regulations Sections
THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
Attention Users: Portions of this publication have been
changed from the previous edition. The location of
changes have been marked with a bar in the margin, as
shown to the left of this paragraph. In some cases the
changes are significant, while in other cases the changes
reflect minor editorial adjustments. The bar notations
in the margins are provided as an aid to users as to
those parts of this publication that have been changed
from the previous edition, but API makes no warranty
as to the accuracy of such bar notations.

IS0 10409:1993(E)
American Petroleum Institute
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
FOR APPLICATION OF CEMENT LINING TO STEEL TUBUL~4R GOODS,
HANDLING, INSTALLATION AND JOINING
Foreword e. ASTM standards* referenced in this recommended
practice are available from American Society for Testing
a. This recommended practice is under the jurisdic-
Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia,
tion of the API Committee on Standardization of Well
Pennsylvania 19103.
Cements. It was developed through the joint effort of
members of National Association of Corrosion Engi-
ASTM CX3: S/)c'c.ificntio,rsf~)r- Co~roto A neers (NACE) T-lG-8 Task Group on Cement Lining of
14*,
Tubular Goods, and API Task Group on Cement Lining
ASTM A53 Spvcifica t iom for Welded a nd Svcl mlcss
of Steel Pipe. It was also submitted to NACE Unit
Stwl Pipr, (Pa 1-t I*)
Committee T-1G for review and comments.
ASTM CXi: Specificatiws for Reinforced Concrete
(f’~~hl)?, k!torm Drcr in, (1 nd Scrwr Pip(j (I’rx rt l?*)
b. The purpose of this recommended practice is to
ASTM C109: Test for Co~21~?ocssi1,e Strmgth of Hy-
provide standard procedures for the plant application of
dra 141 ic Cww2 t Morta rs (Using 2-iji. or GO-q2n C&e
cement lining to oilfield tubular goods and recom-
Spw i bi w s) (RI rt I .I *)
mended methods of joining cement-lined pipe.
ASTM C150: Spc,cifiratiou.s for Portland Cement (Pw.t
Id*)
c. Related publications under the jurisdiction of API
ASTM C618: Specificcr tion for Fly Ash and Ra K or
Committees on Standardization of Oil Field Equipment
Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral
and Materials are:
Admi.rtwo in Portland Cement Concrvtc (Part 14 *)
Spec 5A: Spwifimtio~~ for Cmi~g, Tubing and Drill
f. The following Steel Structures Painting Council
(SSPC) Standards and. NACE Standards for metal
surface preparation are referenced in this recom-
Spec SAC: Spwifimtiou for Rwfn?tcd Yidd St rcugfh
mended practice:
~'c~si~~g cd Tuhiny.
SSPC-SP-1: Sol iqe)l t Clva uing.
Spec 5AX: Spwificcrtiou for High-Strength Casing,
.
Ttr h&y, and Drill Pipe.
SSPC-SP-4: Flame Cleaning.
Std 5B: SpecifictrtiotI for Threading, Ga{ging, rend
SSPC-SP-6: Commercial Blast Cleaning (NACE No. 3).
Thretrd Inspection of Casing, Tuhi)l.g and Line Pip
SSPC-SP-10: Near- White Blast Cleaning (NACE No. 2).
Th ~.OO t/s.
Spec 5L: Spc’cificatio~r for Line Pipe.
g. Beyond the scope of this Recommended Practice,
certain standards covering other applications and uses
RP 5L2: Recommended Practice for Intern.al Coating of
of cement linings may be useful and are listed as
Line Pipe For Gas Transmission Sewice.
follows:
Spec 10: Specification for Materials and Testing for American Water Works Association (AWWA)
Well Cements.
AWWA Standard C-602 (latest revision): Ceweilt-
Mortflr Lilt iy of Water Pipe1 ines in Place.
.
Bul 1OC: Bulletin on Well Cewmit Nomenclature.
AWWA Standard C-205 (latest revision): Cemwt-
Morta 1’ Protect ire Lii7 inq a ,zd Coat inq for Steel
d. Earlier work investigating the application and use
Water Pipe - 4 Itichds a,Id Large;* - Shop
of cement linings in tubular goods was conducted by
Applied.
NACE Technical Unit Committee T-1G (Protective
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Coatings and Non-Metallic Materials for Oil Field Use).
The following report contains committee findings which
ANSI Standard A21.4 (latest revision): Cew e)t t-
have been widely used as the basis for cement lining
Mortar Litli,q for Cast Iro?z a& Ductile Iron
specifications:
Pipe crnd Fittings for Water.
NACE Technical Committee Report lG163 - Recow
nwtdd Prcrct ices A pplica hle to Placing CerzwM LitI kg
irl Oil Field Steel Ttcbula r Goods. *Current Edition, Book of ASTM Standards.

IS0 10409:1993(E)
RP 10E: Cement Lining of Steel Tubular Goods 5
h. Bibliography. The following publications contain Walker, R. G.: 7’1w Or*iqh . trrd Sic/u ij&*rt wo of tlw
. .
information on this subject. htcwrtrl .Stltlir,rt,rrt(r,8t~ Stwdrrr*w of’ ‘I’dditc3,
PROCI+XDINGS YOKKSHIRC (3-10. SOC. (.June
Beach, H. J., Frawley, F. E., Jr. EnDean, H. lJ.,
1965) 35, Pt. 1, No. 1.
and Yates, Dick: (21 /~sos (1 Ml I~t’f’I’f’tI t iotr of
Runyon, I3. E.: A 11 fshpkw*d Appwrrr~~ to
.
I+ ihrrw i,r Cowwt Pip0 IAc hy.s, Societjr of
( ‘(lt,/(~,/t-I,it/c)il ‘I’rrlh~, Society of I’etroleum
I-ktroleum Engineers of AIME, Paper No. SPE
Xngincers of AIME, Paper No. SI’E 995, 19~i4.
2478, 1969.
United States Department of the Interior, Bureau
Ijogue, R. H.: THE CHEMISTRY OF I’ORT-
of Reclamation: I*‘Ig Ash I~ww.s~~.s Iibistcl wv oj’
I,AND CEMENT, Reinhold Publishing Co., N.Y.,
( ‘otrcwt~~ to Strlfdo Atttrck, Report No. C-1223,
1947.
*Jan. 1967.
Lea, F. M.: THE CHEMISTRY OF CEMENT
Elliott, R. W. and Ladley. R.S.: l444tlotl Co~~~o&
AND CONCRETE, London, Edward Arnold, 3rd
/,irrd Pipe fi)j* Chwsiw b’lwJ~s. API DRILLING
Ed. 1970.
AND PRODUCTION PRACTICE:, 71 (Ml).
Company Report: M KD 453-16-R. Halliburton Oil
Well Cementing Co. March 25 1958.
Sytb psi t( 11 0t1 USCJ of Pozzoltr 11 ic Ml twiti Is i,t
#/l~r*tcl~~ trrltl Co)l~rsufo, First Pac. Ar. Nat. Runvon, E. E.: How C’twrwt I,;), i,cc/ Cwr Protect
c
Meeting, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1949. hrf t- I5j.w. Oil (YL Gas Journal, July 22, 1963.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
6 American Petroleum Institute
SECTION 1
SCOPE
1.1 These recommendations apply to cement lining of to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Environment
steel pipe and tubing used for shielding the steel from may negate the usefulness of cement linings in specific
chemical corrosive attack encountered in the handling of
instances.
oil field brines. This recommended practice suggests
minimum requirementsand should in no way be interpret-
1.2 Cottrwt Lh irty and Ct~t~t Limd as used in this
ed as a restriction on the use of other procedures or recommended practice refer to the cement-mix propor-
materials. Neither is this recommended practice intended tions as set forth in Section 3, Par. 3.2.a.
SECTION 2
MATERIAL
2.1 Pipe and Tubing for Lining with Cement. Steel
OD and under, and 0.156 inch @.9S mm) in
pipe and tubing to be cement lined may be either new or pipe 4% inch (11.4~1 WW) OD through 6% inch
used at the discretion of the purchaser. The purchaser is (16’8.~ WH) OD. Minimum wall thickness of
expected to furnish the pipe to be lined or to provide pipe over 6% inch (I68.3 WH) OD should be by
specifications therefor, and is responsible for compatibili- agreement between purchaser and applica-
ty of the pipe with maximum stress, stress fluctuation, and tor.
environmental stress cracking resistance requirements.
Length of the pipe or tubing and length
The applicator should inspect and segregate all pipe that
tolerance should be by agreement between
in his opinion cannot be lined satisfactorily, or that has
the applicator and the purchaser.
defects which would prevent satisfactory performance
(5) Pipe wall should be free of dents or flats and
after lining. The purchaser may request the lining of such
the internal surface free of burrs and whisk-
pipe either as it is or after straightening and drifting.
ers. Their presence should be cause for
Unless previously agreed upon, the applicator is not
rejection.
responsible for the successful lining of pipe that was
originally rejected. The purchaser is responsible for the
(6) Fittings should be inspected for defects by the
handling and replacement of pipe rejected initially by the
applicator and unsuitable fittings rejected.
applicator.
The purchaser may request the lining of
rejected fittings to be subject to the same
a. New Pipe and Tubing for Lining with Cement.
limitations contained in Par. 2.1. The applica-
The pipe or tubing to be lined should be in
tor’s inspection should be limited to the
accordance with dimensional specifications con-
suitability of the items to be successfully
tained in API Spec 5A, 5AC, 5AX or 5L. While
lined. If fitting inspection is to include
generally it should be expected that pipe to these
dimensional inspection, this should be by
specifications would meet the applicator’s toler-
agreement between the applicator and the
ances on eccentricity, straightness, dents, flats,
purchaser.
burrs, or whiskers, pipe and tubing can meet the
Used Pipe and Tubing for Lining with Cement.
API specifications and still be unacceptable for
The lining of used pipe should be at the discretion of
cement lining. The applicator may request replace-
the purchaser and to his specifications generally.
ment of such material or, at the purchaser’s request,
Par. 3.1 is suggested as a guide for cleaning the pipe
may apply linings in accordance with the limita-
and should be subject to the same conditions as set
tions as indicated in Par. 2.1. New steel pipe and
forth in Par. 2.1.
tubing to be cement lined should meet the following:
(1) Tolerances in the pipe should be limited to a (1) The applicator is expected to make a visual
maximum misalignment, in any length of inspection of all pipe or tubing received, and
pipe to be lined, of no more than the tolerance to discard all obviously defective joints: bent,
m ashed those with deep external or in ternal
variation allowed in the cementing thickness 9
These
listed in Table 3.1. tting, and those with internal seams.
Pi
shou marked as not suitable for coating.
id be
(2) Maximum out-of-roundness, as the difference
The icator is expected to inform the
between maximum and minimum diameters, aPPl
purchaser of any unacceptable material in
should not exceed l/32 inch (0.8 ~)l) or 0.5
order that replacement material may be
percent of the nominal outsidediameter (OD),
obtained.
whichever is larger. Out-of-round pipe should
be set aside and appropriately marked.
(2) A PI Spec W, Table 6.3, is applicable for
(3) Minimum wall thickness should be 0.125 inch tolerances on tl imensions of used pipe and
tubing.
(;I. IX H.W) for pipe of 4% inch (114.:~ ni,nl)
IS0 10409:1993(E)
RP 10E: Cement Lining of Steel Tubular Goods 7
2.2 Cement. 2.3 Sand.
a. Cement meeting the requirements of API Class C a. Sand should be at least 95 percent quartz (silicon
(similar to ASTM Cl50 Type III) high sulfate dioxide) and should not lose more than 0.5 percent
resistant (HSR) cement as set out in the latest on ignition.
edition of API Spec 10: specification for Well
Cements and Cement Additives, with zero tricall-
b. The sand should meet ASTM C33 and conform to
cium aluminate (GA), should be used for lining oil the following screen analyses:
field pipe and tubing. This cement is suitable for
U.S. Series Percent Retained
exposure to corrosive waters, regardless of the
Sieve No. on Each Sieve
soluble sulfate concentration, and is therefore the
cement preferred by most users. 0
o-5
b. When API Class C cement with zero C,A is
15-25
unavailable, other cements may be used, but only
49-60
upon specific approval by the purchaser.
20-4
100 o-5
(1) Moderate sulfate resistant (MSR) cements
(having less than 8 percent &A) may be used
when the corrosive fluid contains less than
2.4 Pozzolanic Materials.
1000 ppm soluble sulfates. These may be
either API Class B (MSR) or Class C (MSR)
a. Fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans should
cement.
conform to ASTM C618 and API Spec 10, Section
(2) High sulfateresistant(HSR)cements(having
11.
less than 3 percent &A) should always be
used when the corrosive water contains 1000 The 10s~ on ignition for fly ash, conforming to
ppm or higher soluble sulfates. These may be
ASTM C618, should not exceed 4 per cent.
either API Class B (HSR) or Class C (HSR)
b. The purchaser may require the applicator to furnish
cement.
satisfactory reports of analyses which certify that
c. The purchaser of cement lined pipe may require
the pozzolanic materials meet the ASTM require-
the applicator to furnish a written statement of
ments set forth in this paragraph.
the chemical composition of the cement for the
purchaser’s approval. Similarly, the applicator
ing the lining material, clear potable
2.5 water. For mix
may require the cement manufacturer to furnish
be used
water should
a written statement of the chemical composition
of the cement for approval by the applicator or by
2.6 Chemical Additives. Chemical admixtures may be
the purchaser of the cement lined pipe. The
used by agreement between the applicator and purchaser.
method for determining the C3A content of the
cement selected should be by mutual agreement
2.7 Storage and Handling. Cement, sand, and pozzo-
among the cement manufacturer, the applicator
lans should be kept clean, dry and free from contaminants.
and the purchaser of the cement lined pipe.
They should be stored in separate bins, tanks or other
containers closed to weather and contamination. Cement
d. Cement manufacturing companies and products
and pozzolans should be passed through a ‘/4 inch (6.4mm)
suitable for cement lining applications, are listed
or less mesh screen, to remove lumps and other extraneous
in Appendix Q, R or both of API Spec 10.
matter, before mixing. All materials should be handled
e. The cement used for cement lining oil field pipe and
and transferred in such a manner that all foreign matter is
tubing should be uniform and free of lumps. excluded.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
8 American Petroleum Institute
SECTION 3
METHOD OF LINING PIPE AND TUBING WITH CEMENT LINING
Pipe.
3.1 d. The water and dry ingredients should be thoroughly
a. New and used pipe and tubing should be free of mill mixed to a homogeneous slurry. The resultant
varnish, oil, paraffin, corrosion products, mill scale, slurry should be mixed for a minimum of two
thread lubricant, or any other foreign material minutes and not longer than five minutes. Check the
when the wet cement mix is introduced for lining. consistency and homogeneity of the wet mix, and if
b. Cleaning methods should be as agreed upon between the mix is not uniform within the specified maxi-
the applicator and purchaser. Following are exam- mum mixing time, check the mixer for hardened
ples of cleaning methods: (A metal surface with a concrete or alter the dry mix charging sequence to
definite anchor pattern is preferred.) assure conformance.
e.
The minimum temperature of the wet mix should
(1) Chemical cleaning (SSPC-SP-1).
be maintained at not less than 50 F @OC’) and the
Flame cleaning (SSPC-SP-4) followed by
(2)
maximum temperature should not exceed 90 F
an air blast of abrasives. The temperature
(3Z°C). Do not place cement mix in pipe when the
should not exceed 600 F @MC) for API
ambient temperature is less than 40 F (-6°C).
grades 5AX and 5L, 750 F (399°C) for API
f.
The wet mix should be in final place and spun in the
grades 5AC, or 800 F (.&WC) for all other
tubular goods within 45 minutes after initial mix-
pipe.
ing.
(3) Sandblasting to a commercial grade metal
If necessary, freshly spun cement linings should be
$5
finish (SSPC-SP-6 or NACE 3).
hand patched within 15 minutes after final spin.
(4) Sandblasting to a near-white metal finish
Pipe having washed out ends or voids should be
(SSPC-SP-10 or NACE 2).
rejected, cleaned of all mix and foreign matter, and
C. After the interior of the pipe or tubing has been
relined.
cleaned, a visual inspection of each joint is made by
h. The applicator should exercise diligence to provide
the applicator to ensure that no scale, sand, or other
uniform linings without thick or thin areas. Ade-
foreign matter is left in the pipe, and that the pipe or
quate and properly spaced hold-downs on the
tubing can be properly cement-lined.
application machinery should be used.
3.2
Cement Mix Proportions.
i.
Thickness of cement linings and tolerances permit-
a. Dry Ingredient Proportions. Proportions of dry
ted on thicknesses vary widely throughout the
ingredients for preparation of cement mix should be
industry. Table 3.1 lists the variations in lining
as agreed upon by the purchaser and applicator. The
thickness being applied along the range of tolerance
following compositions of cement lining are in
for 2% inch (60.3 mm) through 20 inch (508.0 mm)
general use:
pipe sizes. Since these thicknesses have been widely
(1) Cement 35X, Pozzolan 50/o, Sand 60%
used successfully, they are recommended.
(2) Cement 60X, Pozzolan 40%
In selecting lining thickness it is important to
consider the dimensions of any tools or instruments
b. Measurements of Materials. All materials used in
that must pass through the pipe. In considering the
the mixture should be weighed prior to introduction
clearance for such items, the allowable eccentricity
into the mixer. The scale used for weighing should
of both lining and pipe should be considered.
be certified accurate within one percent.
c. Cement Dry Mix. The dry mix content by weight
should be in the proportions agreed upon in Par.
TABLE 3.1
3.2a. The mixture is subject to change as directed by
RECOMMENDED LINING THICKNESS
the purchaser based upon variations of the materi-
al’s specifications.
d. Slurry or Mix Preparation. Slurry the dry mix
Lining Thickness
with water as agreed upon by the purchaser and the
Pipe Size, OD m Maximum
applicator. Slight variations in the water propor-
in. mm mm in. mm
in.
tions may be permitted as temperature and humidi-
ty changes occur.
2:x ( 60.3) ‘/8 f 3.2)
vi ( 6.4)
3.3 Cement Lining Application.
2% ( 73.0)
% ( 3.2) ?4 ( 6.4)
a. Any method which results in a dense, uniform, and 3% ( 88.9) 5132 ( 4.0)
5/16 ( 7.9)
evenly distributed cement lining throughout the 4% (114.3) 5132 ( 4.0)
% ( 9.5)
6% (168.3)
pipe or tubing length is acceptable. 3/16 ( 4.8) 7116 (11.1)
b. The applicator should avoid the inclusion of any 8% (219.1)
% f S-4) 74 (15.9)
foreign material or pieces of hardened cement 10:s (2 73.1)
% ( 9.5)
xi m.2)
during the application of the cement lining. 12% (323.9)
% ( 9.5)
74 (22.2)
16 (406.4) 7116 (11.1)
c. The dry mixture of the lining material should 1 (25.4)
20 (508.0)
contain the agreed upon dry mixture percentages M (12.7) 1% (28.6)
and, these percentages should be maintained for the
NOTE: The acceptable tolerance for the selected lining thickness
entire lining operation. The dry ingredients should from Table 3.1 is 2 l/32 inch ( * 0.8 mm) for Pipe sizes 2%
be thoroughly mixed to attain a homogeneous
iwh OD through 6-g inch 00, and f l/16 inch (* 1.6 mm)
for pipe sizes 8% inch through 20 inch.
mixture.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
RP 10E: Cement Lining of Steel Tubular Goods
3.4 Curing of Cement Linings. Methods of curing
3.5 Cement Lining of Fittings. All requirements for
should be agreed upon by the purchaser and applicator.
the lining of tubular goods should apply to the lining of
The following methods of steam and atmospheric curing fittings except:
have been found generally successful.
a. The cement dry mix should contain approxi-
mately 3 percent by weight of alkali resistant
a. Steam Curing.
glass fibers or alternate inert fibrous material
Begin steam curing not less than two hours
(1)
which is free of contaminants.
I
nor more than four hours after final spin.
b. The cured cement lining should absorb not more
High atmospheric temperatures and low
than 12 percent by weight of water when tested
humidities may shorten the time require-
by ASTM C76, Section 9.4.2, latest edition.
ments. Low atmospheric temperatures and
high humidities may lengthen the time
c. Weld beads should be run in all fittings without
requirements.
turns.
d. Steel wire mesh should be tack-welded inside all
Leave the lining in the steam curing
fittings 18 inches (457.2 mnz) or longer.
chamber at 135 F (57oC) to 1165 F (74OC)
for not less than 18 hours. The purchaser
e. The slurry should be mixed and applied by hand
may require a longer curing time and
to obtain smooth, dense, and uniform lining.
should so request.
f. A sizing ball approved by the purchaser should
During heating and cooling, do not increase
t
(3) be passed through fittings when required.
or decrease the temperature of the steam
g. The lining should be kept moist by addition of
curing chamber at a rate of more than 1 F
water and impermeable end caps, or other means
(O.@C) per minute.
agreed upon by the purchaser and applicator.
Place end caps on the cement-lined pipe
(4)
3.6 End Finish of Cement-Lined Pipe.
before placing in the steam chamber. Do
not expose the cement-lined pipe for more
a. Ends of plain-end cement-lined pipe, and pin
2 hours after spinning without end caps
than
ends of threaded cement-lined pipe, should be fin-
in place.
ished with the cement flush with the end of the
pipe and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
Leave the end caps in place until the pipe is
(5)
the pipe, using a cement mix identical to that
installed in the field system.
described in 3.5a.
Keep the cement lining moist and protect it
(6) b. Threaded pipe or tubing should have the cement
from freezing until delivered to the pur-
lining ends located at the midpoint of the collar.
chaser.
The tolerance toward the open end of the collar
should be +0, -l/16 inch (1.6 mm). The collar of
Keep the cement lining moist following
(7) each joint of pipe or tubing should be checked for
steam cure. The storage time following
tight makeup before lining.
cure and before installation should be at
C. Proprietary inserts may be used in threaded pipe
the discretion of the purchaser.
to insure corrosion-resistant joint integrity. Cor-
rect installation of the insert and spacing of the
cement lining in the collar should be specified by
b. Atmospheric Curing of Cement Lining.
the applicator.
Keep the cement lining m oist at all times
(1)
durin ,g the curing process. d. All cement lining ends should be finished within
15 minutes after final spin.
(2) Use airtight end caps to seal the pipe ends
e. Threads, bevels, lands, and grooves should be
to retain moisture in the lining. Do not
cleaned of all cement.
expose the cement lining for more than 2
hours after spinning without end caps in
f. To obtain acceptable ends on pipe that has been
place. Keep end caps in place until pipe is
cut, the ends should be buffed square and
installed in the field service.
beveled. The procedure is the same for both lined
and to-be-lined pipe. All cuts of lined pipe should
(3) Maintain the curing temperature at not
be made with an approved saw designed for
less than 50 F (10°C) for at least 8 days.
cutting cement-lined pipe or with another ap-
proved method.
(4) Atmospheric - temperature - cured cement-
lined pipe should not be transported or g. The ends of cement-lined pipe should be inspected
installed for at least 8 days after applica- after buffing. Flaws may, at the discretion of the
tion of the lining. purchaser, be cause for rejection. (See Par. 7.6).
IS0 10409:1993(E)
10 American Petroleum Institute
SECTION 4
INSPECTION AND REJECTION OF CEMENT-LINED PIPE
4.1 Inspection of Cement-Lined Pipe. b. s for rejecting the
The foll owing i terns are reason
finished rhole or in part:
a. The purchaser has the right to sample and test
Deviation from cleaning procedure, lining
any and all materials used to line pipe at any
thickness, end finish or lining composition
stage in the process.
requirements.
b. The purchaser’s inspector should have access to
Spalled or loose areas of lining.
all parts of the applicator’s plant during applica-
Separation of the lining from the tubular
tion of cement lining for the purchaser. Facilities
goods or fittings.
should be furnished by the applicator, at no
additional cost, for the purchaser’s inspector to
(4) Defects in the lining which may include,
conduct inspection and tests of linings or lining
but are not limited to: voids, sags, lumps,
materials.
water cutting, fractures or cracks, excess-
ive porosity, softness, surface defects indi-
c. If possible, linings should be rejected for applica-
cating honeycombed or open texture lining.
tion defects listed in Section 4.2 while the lining
Superficial surface crazing should not be
is wet and can be washed from the pipe. The
cause for rejection. Hairline cracks may be
applicator accomplishes this by assigning an
permitted provided the applicator and
experienced person to inspect each section of pipe
purchaser agree on an acceptable amount.
immediately after spinning.
Damage to the ends of tubular goods or
(5)
e. .
d. The purchaser may inspect the lining at the
Mtings.
plant, in the storage yard, or at the location prior
(6) Variable composition.
to installation, unless otherwise agreed upon
(7) Imperfect proportioning, mixing or inade-
between purchaser and applicator.
quate curing.
e. The purchaser may determine uniformity of
Excessive loose cement and other debris.
(8)
linings and lining thickness by cutting at least
one length of pipe near the center from each 100 (9) Excessive laminations.
lengths of pipe, or from each size and weight of
4.3 Rejection of Cement-Lined Pipe.
pipe if less than 100 lengths are lined. The length
a. Pipe deemed unsuitable for lining by the applica-
of pipe to be cut shall be determined by the
tor and by the purchaser’s inspector should be
purchaser’s inspector. The lining thickness is
returned to the purchaser in substantially the
determined by internal calipers and measuring
same condition as when delivered to the applica-
scale.
tor.
NOTE: The etzds of the cement lined pipe are often
b. Any pipe damaged by the applicator should be
hard finished ajld the linizlg thickness at these ends
replaced, at the applicator’s expense, with pipe
may uot be indicative of the lining thickness on the
acceptable to the purchaser. The applicator may,
interior of the pipe.
with the purchaser’s permission, elect to deduct
from the final invoice an amount equal to the
f. The purchaser has the right to perform any tests
value of the damaged pipe in lieu of providing
necessary to inspect 5 percent of the fittings, or at
replacement pipe.
least one fitting from each size and batch of
c. Any batch of slurry not uniformly mixed, or’ not
fittings lined, to insure that the quality of the
mixed to specification ratios, should be disposed
lining is satisfactory. The applicator relines at no
of; and any pipe lined with the improper mixture
additional cost. If defective lining is found,
should be washed out and relined with a suitable
additional linings in fittings may be tested or the
batch mixture.
lot may be rejected.
d. Any lining rejected prior to cure should be
g. Each joint of cement lined tubular goods should
washed out and the pipe should be relined. Any
be inspected before and after curing by looking
lining rejected after curing should be removed, if
through the pipe or tubing from each end with a
possible, and the pipe should be relined if it is in
strong light at the opposite end. Sags appear as
good condition. It should be noted, however, that
large smooth lumps in the lining. Sags should be successful removal of the lining after cure is
cause for rejection. unlikely in smaller sizes of pipe and may result in
damage to pipe in larger sizes.
4.2 Basis for Rejection of Cement-Lined Pipe.
e. Lining samples cut from each 100 lengths of pipe,
a. Failure of the applicator to comply with all stated or each size or weight pipe, found out of tolerance
requirements is reason for rejecting the finished should be cause for rejecting the entire batch
lining in whole or in part. sampled.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
RP 10E: Cement Lining of Steel Tubular Goods
SECTION 5
TRANSPORTATION, HANDLING AND INSTALLATION
OF CEMENT-LINED TUBULAR GOODS
5.1 Handling of Cement-Lined Pipe During
Pipe OD Minimum Radius of Curvature
Loading, Transportation and Unloading.
inches mm
Feet
( 60.3)
2% f 4? 7)
CA UTION: NEVER DROP CEMENT LINED
( 73.0)
2% 180
( 54:9)
TUBULAR GOODS OR ALLOW
( 89.9)
220 ( 67.1)
3%
SHARP BLOWS.
(114.3) 275 ( 83.8)
4%
a. Ship and handle all cement-lined tubular goods (168.3)
6% 300 f 91.4)
and fittings with impermeable end caps securely (219J)
8% 485
(147.8)
fastened in place.
NOTE: Some cement linings have failed prior to pipe
deformation.
b. Load and secure the pipe in such a manner that
the lining is not damaged.
5.3 Running Cement-Lined Tubing.
(1) Lifting should be by means of slings,
a. Keep thread protectors on the pin thread at all
pantograph hooks, calipers, forklift, or
times until the length is ready to be made up into
similar apparatus, or by hand; giving at
the string.
least two-point suspension in the standard
b. Check the cement for end damage and reject if it
pipe length such that no damage or
is damaged.
deformation will occur.
c. Repair or replace sealant in the coupling or box.
(2) End hooks and end clamps are not permit-
If plastic inserts are used, the sealant specified by
ted.
the applicator should be used (see Sections 8.16
and 8.17).
(3) Fittings should be carefully hand-loaded, or
packed in crates, or strapped to pallets in a
d. Check slips to ascertain that they are sharp and
manner that will not allow movement or
clean.
damage during loading and transportation.
e. Avoid sudden stops and starts. Do not set slips
Add water, if necessary, to keep the lining wet,
C. until after downward movement of the tubing has
and securely fasten the end caps immediately
completely stopped.
following the loading and securing of the lined
Place the backup on the coupling of threaded and
f.
tubular goods and fittings.
coupled tubing, to avoid turning the coupling on
the suspended tubing and thereby breaking the
d. Stack and block cement-lined tubular goods in
cement lining. Use multi-tooth, multi-die tongs or
such a manner as to preclude and prevent
wrap-around type tongs, making sure that the
damage to the pipe or lining.
teeth or dies are sharp and clean.
e. Place cement-lined tubular goods on a level bed
Inspect power tongs to ascertain that they are
surface containing sufficient bearing area to
sharp and clean.
support the weight of the lined tubular goods
without bending or flexing. h. Use 1 inch @5.4 mm) or s inch (19.1 mm) teflon
thread tape on the pin threads. Thread dopes, if
f. Haul cement-lined tubular goods on a level bed
applied too liberally, will disbond the sealant
surface. Hauling on pipe trailers is not permitted.
from the metal.
An overhang in excess of 3 feet (1 m) is not
i. Do not exceed recommended torque for the size
permitted.
and type thread.
g. During loading and unloading operations, do not
Each time twenty lengths of tubing are run, run
drop cement-lined tubular goods onto or from the
a suitable sinker bar [e.g. 1% inch (38.1 mm) in
transporting vehicle; and do not roll the lined
2:3/s inch (60.3 mm) tubing] to that depth to wipe
tubular goods onto or from the transporting
out any excess sealant which may have been
vehicle in a manner such that joints come into
extruded from the joints. This sealant will
sharp physical contact. Avoid all impact loading
become hard if left within the tubing and may
or unloading.
prevent the running of wireline tools at a later
date unless removed.
5.2 Handling of Cement-Lined Pipe During Instal-
5.4 Pulling and Rerunning Cement-Lined Tubing.
lation.
a. Stop each length, set the slips, and ease the
a. Do not drop ceme)lt lined pipe. Special care should
weight onto the slips.
be exercised during joining to prevent dropping
b. Do not hamme r or jerk cement-lined tubing to
the pipe.
loosen joints.
b. Do not run over cement-lined pipe with a vehicle.
c. As each joint is uncoupled, place a thread-
protector on the pin thread before standing the
c. Do not bend cement-lined pipe to such an extent
length in the derrick or laying it down.
that the metal is deformed. Maximum uniform
horizontal bending recommended for various sizes d. Rerun the tubing exactly as in instructions given
of standard weight cement-lined pipe is:
in Par. 5.3.
IS0 10409:1993(E)
American Petroleum Institute
SECTION 6
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, CERTIFICATION
AND TESTS OF CEMENT FOR LINING
c.
Cured lining density.
6.1 The density of the cured lining should be
maintained at not less than 135 lb/cu ft (2.16’ kg/dmv as
measured in a saturated surface dry condition.
6.4 Dry samples of each component material should
be obtained from each batch for analysis by the
purchaser if requested.
6.2 The compressive strength of lining being used by
the applicator is determined by using two cubes made
6.5 Wet slurry analysis may be conducted one or
and tested in accordance with ASTM ClO9, latest
more times per day, as requested by the purchaser. The
edition, except that curing is in the same manne
...