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6000 - International Standard under publication
Start Date
06-Aug-2026
Completion Date
10-Oct-2026

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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3 - Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol — Amendment 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 is an ISO and IEC amendment to Part 4 of the ISO/IEC 14443 series for cards and security devices for personal identification. It updates the transmission protocol for contactless proximity objects and adds relay attack protection mechanisms, including a timed nonce exchange method for the PCD and PICC.

What does ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 specify?

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 specifies targeted changes to the transmission protocol in Part 4, with the main purpose of adding relay attack protection. The amendment revises protocol rules in clauses 4, 5, 7 and 10, and adds Clause 11 on timed nonce exchange (TNE).

The document is organized as a set of replacement texts and insertions for existing subclauses, followed by the new TNE clause. In practice, that means implementers need to update protocol handling, timing behavior, and block sequencing rather than treat this as a standalone profile.

What are the key requirements of ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3?

Protocol behavior and timing

  • Clause 5.1 applies the RFU handling from ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018 to Clause 5 unless stated otherwise. This keeps reserved fields aligned with the base contactless protocol rules.
  • Clause 7.4 limits the temporary Frame Waiting Time (FWT) extension to the next received block or a timeout. If the PICC wants another extension after an R(NAK), it must request it again. Readers and cards therefore need timer logic that follows each block exchange closely.
  • Clause 7.6.1 allows the PCD to start an S(PARAMETERS) exchange after any PICC block without transmission error or FWT time-out, even during chaining. The amendment also keeps a legacy-compatibility path available until 2032. This matters when a terminal renegotiates parameters while communication is already in progress.
  • Clause 7.6.5.1 states that S-blocks are used in pairs: an S(...) request is followed by an S(...) response, with the stated exception for PICCs that do not support S(PARAMETERS). After an S(WTX) request, the PCD waits for the matching response before sending another S request. This prevents overlapping control exchanges.

Relay attack protection with TNE

  • Clause 11 adds the timed nonce exchange (TNE) method. ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 uses TNE so the PCD and PICC exchange nonces and response time (RT) information that the application layer can use to detect or mitigate relay attacks.
  • Clause 11.2.1 defines TNE as an S(PARAMETERS)-based exchange in PROTOCOL state, using tags '81' to '88' for capability request, activation, nonce exchange and timing exchange. A PCD executing TNE shall complete at least activation and nonce exchange, and the application layer receives the exchanged data, RTs, frame characteristics and bit rates.
  • Clause 11.2.5 defines RT by the signaling points used for Type A and Type B at the relevant bit rates. The PCD reports an RT that is no greater than the defined RT, and the PICC reports an RT that is no less than the defined RT. That gives applications a consistent timing reference for security checks.

Error correction and activation

  • Clause 10.1 ties the use of frames with error correction to their activation in Clause 10.5. Clause 10.4.4 also updates the Hamming control generation matrix wording. Implementers should not enable these protected frames before the specified activation point.

What terms does ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 define?

  • Proximity coupling device (PCD) - the device that initiates the contactless exchange, such as a reader or terminal.
  • Proximity integrated circuit card (PICC) - the card or security device that responds to the PCD.
  • Timed nonce exchange (TNE) - the method in Clause 11 that exchanges nonces and RT information to support relay-attack protection.
  • Response time (RT) - the time interval measured between the defined start and end points of the exchange.
  • Frame Waiting Time (FWT) - the waiting-time concept used for protocol timing and waiting time extensions.
  • S(PARAMETERS) - the S-block used to carry parameter exchange, including the TNE tags and values.
  • RFU (Reserved for future use) - bits or values kept for future extension and set to the required zero pattern where specified.

Who uses ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3?

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 is used by manufacturers and designers of contactless cards, secure elements, readers and terminals that implement ISO/IEC 14443 communication. It is also used by security engineers, application developers, interoperability labs and quality teams that need to test relay-attack protection, timing behavior, block sequencing and parameter negotiation.

In practice, the people using this amendment are those who define protocol state machines, check conformance, build test cases, or decide whether a contactless system needs TNE support.

What changed in ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 from the previous edition?

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 revises existing Part 4 text and adds a new relay-attack protection method. The stated changes include terminology and wording updates in clauses 4.1 and 10.4.4, RFU handling in 5.1, block-handling and waiting-time clarifications in 5.4.2, 7.4, 7.6.1, 7.6.3, 7.6.5.1 and 7.6.5.2, and an update to when frames with error correction may be used in 10.1 and 10.5. It also adds Clause 11, Timed nonce exchange, with tags '81' to '88' and RT rules.

Which standards are used with ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3?

  • ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018 - provides the RFU handling referenced in Clause 5.1 and the Type A / Type B timing points used to define RT in Clause 11.
  • ISO/IEC 14443-3 - is cited for the underlying communication timing references used in the new TNE timing definitions.

What does the ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 document contain?

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 contains replacement text for selected subclauses, a new clause on TNE, and updated protocol wording for timing, chaining and S-block behavior. It also includes the tag definitions for TNE and the value descriptions for TNE capability indication and acknowledgment.

The document shows where to update implementation logic for state transitions, waiting-time handling, error-correction activation and relay-attack protection. That makes it useful for protocol design, firmware updates, conformance testing and interoperability verification.

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Effective Date
25-Mar-2023

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ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3 - Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol — Amendment 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol — Amendment 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms". This standard covers: Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol — Amendment 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless proximity objects — Part 4: Transmission protocol — Amendment 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.240.15 - Identification cards. Chip cards. Biometrics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/Amd 3 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


FINAL DRAFT
Amendment
ISO/IEC
14443-4:2018/
FDAM 3
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Cards and security devices
Secretariat: BSI
for personal identification —
Voting begins on:
Contactless proximity objects —
2026-06-10
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
2026-08-05
Transmission protocol
AMENDMENT 3: Relay attack
protection mechanisms
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/IEC 14443­4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en) © ISO/IEC 2026

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en)
Amendment
ISO/IEC
14443-4:2018/
FDAM 3
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Cards and security devices
Secretariat: BSI
for personal identification —
Voting begins on:
Contactless proximity objects —
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
Transmission protocol
AMENDMENT 3: Relay attack
protection mechanisms
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO/IEC 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/IEC 14443­4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en) © ISO/IEC 2026

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and security devices for personal identification.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 14443 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.

© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en)
Cards and security devices for personal identification —
Contactless proximity objects —
Part 4:
Transmission protocol
AMENDMENT 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

4.1
Replace “A Hamming control bits generation matrix (6 rows, 56 columns)” by “A Hamming control generation
matrix (6 rows, 56 columns)”.
4.1
Replace “ 64-bit vector ( with no padding bits)” by “ 62-bit vector ( with no padding bits)”.
5.1
Replace the last paragraph with: “The RFU handling specified in ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018, 5.3 applies for
Clause 5, unless specified otherwise.”
5.4.2
Add the following after the second paragraph: “A PICC receiving (b4 to b1) <> (0001)b and/or receiving
(b8 to b6) <> (000)b may apply 5.7.2.2 (b).”
7.4
Replace the last paragraph with: “The temporary FWT applies only until the next block (valid or not) has
been received by the PCD or a FWT time-out occurs.
NOTE Unless the PICC requests again for a waiting time extension after reception of an R(NAK), the definedFWT
is no more extended.”
7.6.1
Replace the second paragraph with: “The PCD may initiate an exchange of S(PARAMETERS) after
reception of any PICC block without transmission error or FWT time-out, also during PCD chaining or PICC
chaining before it continues block exchange with the new parameter settings (if modified by the PCD and
acknowledged by the PICC).
To ensure interoperability with legacy PCDs and PICCs, the following behaviour is accepted until 2032: the
PCD may initiate an exchange of S(PARAMETERS) at any time also during PCD chaining or PICC chaining or
error handling, before it continues block exchange with the new parameter settings (if modified by the PCD
and acknowledged by the PICC).”
In Table 5, row 1, column 4, replace “Tables 6 and 7, in any order” with “Tables 6, 7 and 8, in any order unless
otherwise specified”.
7.6.3
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAM 3:2026(en)
Delete the words "Assertion: PICC maxi" in the top of Figure 23.
7.6.5.1
Replace Rule 3 with: “S-blocks are only used in pairs. An S(.) request block shall always be followed by
an S(.) response block (see 7.4, 7.6.1 and Clause 8) except for PICCs
...


2025-12-12
ISO/IEC 14443-4.2:2018/DAMFDAmd 3:2026(en)
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2026-05-26
Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless
proximity objects —
—
Part 4:
Transmission protocol —
Amendment
AMENDMENT 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms
FDIS stage
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3(en)
© ISO/IEC 2026
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members
of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database
available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 17, Cards and security devices for personal identification.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 14443 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3(en)
Cards and security devices for personal identification — Contactless
proximity objects —
—
Part 4:
Transmission protocol —
Amendment
AMENDMENT 3: Relay attack protection mechanisms

4.1
Replace “A Hamming control bits generation matrix (6 rows, 56 columns)” by “A Hamming control generation
matrix (6 rows, 56 columns)”.
4.1
Replace “ “ 64-bit vector ( ( with no padding bits)” by “ “ 62-bit vector ( ( with no padding
bits)”.
5.1
Replace the last paragraph with: “The RFU handling specified in ISO/IEC 14443-3:2018, 5.3 applies for
Clause 5, unless specified otherwise.”
5.4.2
Add the following after the second paragraph: “A PICC receiving (b4 to b1) <> (0001)b and/or receiving
(b8 to b6) <> (000)b may apply 5.7.2.2 (b).”
7.4
Replace the last paragraph with: “The temporary FWT applies only until the next block (valid or not) has been
received by the PCD or a FWT time-out occurs.
NOTE Unless the PICC requests again for a waiting time extension after reception of an R(NAK), the defined
FWTdefinedFWT is no more extended.”
7.6.1
Replace the second paragraph with: “The PCD may initiate an exchange of S(PARAMETERS) after reception of
any PICC block without transmission error or FWT time-out, also during PCD chaining or PICC chaining before
it continues block exchange with the new parameter settings (if modified by the PCD and acknowledged by
the PICC).
To ensure interoperability with legacy PCDs and PICCs, the following behaviour is accepted until 2032: the
PCD may initiate an exchange of S(PARAMETERS) at any time also during PCD chaining or PICC chaining or
error handling, before it continues block exchange with the new parameter settings (if modified by the PCD
and acknowledged by the PICC).”
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/IEC 14443-4:2018/FDAmd 3(en)
In Table 5, row 1, column 4, replace “Tables 6 and 7, in any order” with “Tables 6, 7 and 8, in any order unless
otherwise specified”.
7.6.3
Delete the words "Assertion: PICC maxi" in the top of Figure 23.
7.6.5.1
Replace Rule 3 with: “S-blocks are only used in pairs. An S(.) request block shall always be followed by an
S(.) response block (see 7.4, 7.6.1 and Clause 8) except for PICCs not supporting S(PARAMETERS).
Consequently, after a PICC S(WTX) request block, the PCD shall not send an S(…) request block before sending
its S(WTX) response block.”
7.6.5.2
Add “unless otherwise specified”, at the end of rule 8.
10.1
Replace the first sentence by: "Frames with error correction as specified in 10.2 and 10.3 shall be used after
their activation as specified in 10.5.”
10.4.4
Replace "Hamming control bits generation matrix" by "Hamming control generation matrix”.
10.5
Add a new Clause 11 after subclause 10.5.
11  Timed nonce exchange
11.1  General
The timed nonce exchange (TNE) is a method whereby the PCD and the PICC exchange two nonces and provide
information of the response tim
...