ISO 13078:2013

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13078
First edition
2013-02-01
Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test
method for temperature measurement
with separate thermocouple
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four dentaire — Méthode d’essai pour le
mesurage de la température au moyen d’un thermocouple
Reference number
ISO 13078:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013

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ISO 13078:2013(E)
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ISO 13078:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13078 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials.
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 13078:2013(E)
Introduction
Dental furnaces are suitable for the manufacturing of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations for use in
dentistry. Dental furnaces are particularly used for firing or sintering, respectively, of dental opaques, dentine
and enamel materials to the respective compatible substructure materials. Dental furnaces are also used
for other applications such as oxidizing metallic substructures in preparation for porcelain firing, for melting
pressable ceramics, for stain and glaze firing, etc. According to the current state of the art, the temperature of
this process lies between 600 °C and 1 050 °C.
The firing result obtained is influenced by the accuracy of the actual temperature, which may be influenced by
the different calibration processes applied by the manufacturers of dental furnaces as well as by the varying
construction types of the dental furnaces currently on the market.
Despite the fact that different dental furnaces can have identical digital external displays, different results regarding
the degree of firing can be identified when processing the same ceramics under otherwise similar conditions.
A different degree of firing does not only cause differences that can be judged directly by the human eye
(e. g. colour and transparency), but also deviations that cannot be detected by eye. These are for instance the
coefficient of thermal expansion, strength, and solubility of the dental opaque, dentine or enamel materials, and
the bonding strength to its substructure. Such changes may result in clinical failures (e. g. fractures) as well as
discoloration and changed aesthetics of the dental ceramic restoration.
This International Standard levels the currently existing differences between the final calibration of the dental
furnaces based on the factory of origin through a final adjustment (that has to be carried out by all manufacturers
in an identical way) of the temperature control in the firing chamber by means of a thermocouple at e.g. 800 °C.
Alternatively, the verification of the process can be carried out using the thermocouple at 700 °C or 900 °C.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13078:2013(E)
Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test method for temperature
measurement with separate thermocouple
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that are suitable f
...