ISO 13078:2013
(Main)Dentistry - Dental furnace - Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple
Dentistry - Dental furnace - Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple
ISO 13078:2013 specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that are suitable for the heat treatment of silica-based dental ceramic restorations in the temperature range between 600 °C and 1 050 °C.
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four dentaire — Méthode d'essai pour le mesurage de la température au moyen d'un thermocouple
L'ISO 13078:2013 spécifie une méthode d'essai pour l'étalonnage des fours dentaires appropriés au traitement thermique des restaurations céramiques dentaires à base de silice, dans la plage de température comprise entre 600 °C et 1 050 °C.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 04-Feb-2013
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 106/SC 2 - Prosthodontic materials
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 106/SC 2 - Prosthodontic materials
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 19-Jan-2024
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Overview
ISO 13078:2013 is an International Standard published by ISO, focusing on dentistry-specifically the test method for temperature measurement in dental furnaces using a separate thermocouple. This standard is essential for calibrating dental furnaces designed to heat-treat silica-based dental ceramic restorations within the temperature range of 600 °C to 1,050 °C. Notably, it excludes furnaces intended for sintering zirconium oxide frameworks at higher temperatures (around 1,350 °C or above).
Accurate temperature control in dental furnaces is critical for producing high-quality ceramic dental restorations such as metal-ceramic and all-ceramic prostheses. Variability in furnace calibration can affect firing results, leading to differences in aesthetics, structural integrity, and clinical performance. ISO 13078:2013 standardizes calibration procedures to ensure reliable and consistent thermal processing in dental laboratories and manufacturing environments.
Key Topics
- Thermocouple Calibration Method: The standard outlines a detailed procedure using a platinum-10% rhodium/platinum (Type S) thermocouple positioned centrally in the furnace chamber to measure and verify temperature accuracy.
- Test Temperature Range: Applicable for temperatures between 600 °C and 1,050 °C, covering common firing cycles for dental ceramics such as opaques, dentine, and enamel layers.
- Heating Rate and Holding Time: Specified heating rate is 60 °C/min (±5 °C), with a holding time of 1 minute once the set temperature stabilizes, ensuring consistent thermal exposure.
- Test Equipment Specifications: Includes requirements for the test fixture (e.g., a honeycomb tray), thermocouple properties, compensating cables, and temperature indicating devices that must have an accuracy of ±1.2 °C between 400 °C and 1,050 °C.
- Adjustment and Verification: The standard describes how to perform temperature adjustments based on thermocouple readings and requires repeating the measurement three times to verify calibration accuracy.
- Documentation and Reporting: Mandatory inclusion of furnace model, serial number, test equipment, measurement data, deviation results, and details on testing procedures for quality control records.
Applications
- Dental Laboratories: Enables dental technicians to calibrate furnaces accurately to achieve predictable firing outcomes, improving restoration quality.
- Manufacturers of Dental Furnaces: Standardizes the final calibration step post-factory settings to align furnace temperature control with precise thermocouple measurements.
- Quality Assurance in Prosthodontics: Ensures thermal processing is consistent with materials’ specifications to avoid clinical failures such as fractures, discoloration, or compromised bonding strength.
- Research and Development: Provides a benchmark method to evaluate new furnace designs or materials requiring specific heat treatments within the defined temperature range.
Related Standards
- ISO 1942: Dentistry - Vocabulary: Defines terms used in dental standards, vital for understanding the terminology in ISO 13078.
- ISO 6872: Dentistry - Ceramic Materials: Covers specifications for dental ceramic materials that this furnace calibration standard supports.
- IEC 60584 Series (Parts 1-3): Thermocouples: Establishes reference tables, tolerance classes, and identification systems for thermocouples used in temperature measurement.
- ISO 9693-1: Dentistry - Compatibility Testing - Metal-Ceramic Systems: Relevant for assessing restored dental materials' compatibility, highlighting the importance of precise furnace calibration.
By adhering to ISO 13078:2013, dental professionals and furnace manufacturers can ensure reliable temperature control, which is paramount for producing durable, aesthetic, and clinically effective dental ceramic restorations. This standard contributes significantly to quality control and consistency in dental prosthetics manufacturing.
ISO 13078:2013 - Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple Released:2/5/2013
ISO 13078:2013 - Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four dentaire — Méthode d'essai pour le mesurage de la température au moyen d'un thermocouple Released:2/5/2013
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 13078:2013 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Dentistry - Dental furnace - Test method for temperature measurement with separate thermocouple". This standard covers: ISO 13078:2013 specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that are suitable for the heat treatment of silica-based dental ceramic restorations in the temperature range between 600 °C and 1 050 °C.
ISO 13078:2013 specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that are suitable for the heat treatment of silica-based dental ceramic restorations in the temperature range between 600 °C and 1 050 °C.
ISO 13078:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 11.060.20 - Dental equipment. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 13078:2013 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13078
First edition
2013-02-01
Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test
method for temperature measurement
with separate thermocouple
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four dentaire — Méthode d’essai pour le
mesurage de la température au moyen d’un thermocouple
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13078 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials.
Introduction
Dental furnaces are suitable for the manufacturing of metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations for use in
dentistry. Dental furnaces are particularly used for firing or sintering, respectively, of dental opaques, dentine
and enamel materials to the respective compatible substructure materials. Dental furnaces are also used
for other applications such as oxidizing metallic substructures in preparation for porcelain firing, for melting
pressable ceramics, for stain and glaze firing, etc. According to the current state of the art, the temperature of
this process lies between 600 °C and 1 050 °C.
The firing result obtained is influenced by the accuracy of the actual temperature, which may be influenced by
the different calibration processes applied by the manufacturers of dental furnaces as well as by the varying
construction types of the dental furnaces currently on the market.
Despite the fact that different dental furnaces can have identical digital external displays, different results regarding
the degree of firing can be identified when processing the same ceramics under otherwise similar conditions.
A different degree of firing does not only cause differences that can be judged directly by the human eye
(e. g. colour and transparency), but also deviations that cannot be detected by eye. These are for instance the
coefficient of thermal expansion, strength, and solubility of the dental opaque, dentine or enamel materials, and
the bonding strength to its substructure. Such changes may result in clinical failures (e. g. fractures) as well as
discoloration and changed aesthetics of the dental ceramic restoration.
This International Standard levels the currently existing differences between the final calibration of the dental
furnaces based on the factory of origin through a final adjustment (that has to be carried out by all manufacturers
in an identical way) of the temperature control in the firing chamber by means of a thermocouple at e.g. 800 °C.
Alternatively, the verification of the process can be carried out using the thermocouple at 700 °C or 900 °C.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13078:2013(E)
Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test method for temperature
measurement with separate thermocouple
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a test method for the calibration of dental furnaces that are suitable for
the heat treatment of silica-based dental ceramic restorations in the temperature range between 600 °C and
1 050 °C. This International Standard does not include furnaces intended to sinter zirconium oxide-frameworks
(in the temperature range of 1 350°C or higher).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 6872, Dentistry — Ceramic materials
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
IEC 60584-2, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances
IEC 60584-3
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 13078
Première édition
2013-02-01
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four
dentaire — Méthode d’essai pour le
mesurage de la température au moyen
d’un thermocouple
Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test method for temperature
measurement with separate thermocouple
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2013
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord écrit
de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Méthode d’essai . 2
4.1 Équipement d’essai et produits pour essai . 2
4.2 Mode opératoire . 2
5 Rapport d’essai . 3
Bibliographie . 5
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres votants.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO 13078 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 106, Médecine bucco-dentaire, sous-comité SC 2,
Produits pour prothèses dentaires.
iv © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Les fours dentaires sont destinés à être utilisés en médecine bucco-dentaire pour fabriquer des restaurations
métallo-céramiques et «tout-céramique». Ils sont notamment utilisés pour cuire ou fritter des matériaux
dentaires opaques, dentinaires ou amélaires sur les matériaux correspondant d’une infrastructure compatible.
Ils sont également utilisés pour d’autres applications, à savoir pour oxyder des infrastructures métalliques avant
de cuire la porcelaine, faire fondre des céramiques pressées, cuire des glaçures et colorants de maquillage,
etc. Selon l’état de l’art, la température de ce processus se situe entre 600 °C et 1 050 °C.
Le résultat de cuisson obtenu est fonction de l’exactitude du réglage de la température, laquelle peut dépendre
des différents processus d’étalonnage appliqués par les fabricants de fours dentaires ainsi que des divers
types de construction des fours actuellement sur le marché.
Bien que les différents fours puissent être dotés de dispositifs d’affichage numériques identiques, il est possible
de relever des différences de résultats pour le degré de cuisson lors du traitement de céramiques identiques
dans des conditions similaires par ailleurs.
Un degré de cuisson différent n’engendre pas seulement des différences qui peuvent être jugées directement
par l’œil (par exemple la couleur et la transparence), mais également des écarts qui ne peuvent être décelés par
l’œil. Il s’agit, par exemple, du coefficient de dilatation thermique, de la solidité et de la solubilité des matériaux
dentaires opaques, dentinaires ou amélaires, ainsi que de la force d’adhérence à l’infrastructure. De telles
modifications peuvent provoquer des défaillances cliniques (par exemple fractures) ainsi qu’une décoloration
et une modification esthétique de la restauration céramique dentaire.
La présente Norme internationale aplanit les différences existant entre les fours dentaires du fait de leur fabrication
en usine par le biais d’un réglage final (qui doit être réalisé par tous les fabricants de la même manière) afin de
contrôler la température dans l’enceinte de chauffe au moyen d’un thermocouple, par exemple à 800 °C.
Une autre possibilité consiste à vérifier le processus en utilisant le thermocouple à 700 °C ou 900 °C.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 13078:2013(F)
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Four dentaire — Méthode
d’essai pour le mesurage de la température au moyen
d’un thermocouple
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode d’essai pour l’étalonnage des fours dentaires appropriés
au traitement thermique des restaurations céramiques den
...








Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...