ISO 10049:2019

Overview

ISO 10049:2019 is an international standard developed by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 79, Subcommittee SC 7, focused on aluminium and cast aluminium alloys. This second edition standardizes a visual method for assessing porosity on the machined surfaces of aluminium alloy castings. The method applies exclusively to visual surface inspection and does not cover porosity assessment via radiographic techniques.

By providing clear guidelines on inspection procedures, acceptance criteria, and severity levels, ISO 10049:2019 ensures consistent and reliable evaluation of surface porosity in aluminium castings, which is critical for quality assurance and metallurgical integrity assessments.

Key Topics

• Inspection Requirements
  Inspections focus on the machined surfaces of aluminium alloy castings. The extent and location of inspection must be agreed upon and specified during tendering or ordering phases to ensure clarity between customer and founder.

• Visual Inspection Method
  Porosity is assessed primarily using the naked eye or a magnifying glass with up to ×10 magnification to measure pore diameters. The standard defines surface preparation, such as cleaning and achieving suitable roughness, to optimize pore visibility.

• Lighting Conditions
  Proper lighting at an angle of 10° to 15°, opposite the inspection direction, is required for accurate detection. Diffused lighting is discouraged as it may obscure defect visibility.

• Severity Levels and Acceptance Criteria
  Porosity is quantified within a 10 mm × 10 mm inspection frame, counting pores and measuring their diameters. The standard features six severity levels ranging from Level 0 (no visible pores) to Level 5 (up to 25 pores including larger sizes), supported by reference images for consistent classification.

• Operator Qualifications
  Inspection and interpretation must be conducted by technically competent and qualified personnel, ensuring consistent and standardized evaluations.

• Result Interpretation
  Casting acceptance relies on porosity levels not exceeding the agreed severity level in the surface area with the highest pore concentration. Minor exceptions allow a one-level exceedance for less than 25% of the inspected area.

• Ordering Details
  The standard specifies essential order elements such as the parts and percentage of castings inspected, surface preparation, inspection stage, severity levels, and operator qualifications.

Applications

ISO 10049:2019 is vital for industries relying on aluminium alloy castings where surface integrity and porosity control affect mechanical performance, safety, and longevity. Typical applications include:

• Automotive and aerospace sectors-ensuring cast components meet stringent quality levels.
• Manufacturing of machinery parts and structural aluminium components where surface defects may compromise strength or corrosion resistance.
• Quality assurance processes within foundries and casting manufacturers to verify conformance to customer specifications.
• Metallurgical evaluations and non-destructive visual testing during or post-machining stages.

Adoption of ISO 10049:2019 helps reduce costly rejects, ensures compliance with contract requirements, and supports continuous improvement by providing repeatable inspection techniques.

Related Standards

• ISO 3547-1:2019 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Aluminium castings – Part 1: Chemical composition.
• ISO 4506:2019 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Determination of tensile properties.
• ISO 8062-3:2019 - Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Dimensional tolerancing for castings.
• Other applicable visual and non-destructive testing standards relevant to casting quality assessment.

Implementing ISO 10049:2019 alongside complementary standards ensures a holistic approach to aluminium alloy casting quality control, covering chemical, mechanical, and visual inspection domains.

By following ISO 10049:2019, manufacturers and quality inspectors can reliably identify and quantify surface porosity in aluminium castings-supporting higher quality products and enhanced customer satisfaction through standardized visual assessment practices.