ISO 14617-2:2025
(Main)Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 2: Graphical symbols
Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 2: Graphical symbols
This document specifies graphical symbols for diagrams related to industrial components, products and processing. This document constitutes a symbol library, from which users can use the symbols or created symbol examples for use in diagrams (see Tables 1 to 149). General rules and guidance for the preparation and presentation of graphical symbols are given in ISO 14617-1. Application rules for the symbols are shown in normative Annex A. This document does not apply to: - graphical symbols for fluid power objects, see ISO 1219-1 (the collective application standard of the ISO 14617 series); - symbols of measurement and control functions such as mathematical functions and process functions; - graphical symbols for electrotechnical objects, see the IEC 60617 database. Symbols deleted from the previous edition of the ISO 14617 series are summarized in informative Annex B as a reference. The alphabetic index of symbols defined in this document is shown in informative Annex C.
Symboles graphiques pour schémas — Partie 2: Symboles graphiques
Grafični simboli za diagrame - 2. del: Grafični simboli
Ta dokument določa grafične simbole za diagrame, povezane z industrijskimi komponentami, izdelki in obdelavo. Ta dokument vsebuje simbole in ustvarjene primere simbolov, ki jih lahko uporabniki uporabijo v diagramih (glej preglednice 1 do 149). Splošna pravila in smernice za pripravo in predstavitev grafičnih simbolov so podana v standardu ISO 14617-1. Pravila uporabe simbolov so prikazana v normativnem dodatku A. Ta dokument se ne uporablja za: – grafične simbole za fluidno tehniko, glej standard ISO 1219-1 (standard za kolektivno uporabo skupine standardov ISO 14617); – simbole merilnih in krmilnih funkcij, kot so matematične in procesne funkcije; – grafične simbole za elektrotehnične objekte, glej podatkovno zbirko IEC 60617. Simboli, izbrisani iz prejšnje izdaje skupine standardov ISO 14617, so povzeti v informativnem dodatku B kot referenca. Abecedno kazalo simbolov, opredeljenih v tem dokumentu, je prikazano v informativnem dodatku C.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 24-Apr-2025
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 10/SC 10 - Process plant documentation
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 10/SC 10 - Process plant documentation
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 25-Apr-2025
- Due Date
- 02-May-2025
- Completion Date
- 25-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 07-Jul-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Revises
ISO 14617-15:2002 - Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 15: Installation diagrams and network maps - Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Revises
ISO 14617-6:2002 - Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 6: Measurement and control functions - Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
Overview
ISO 14617-2:2025 - Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 2: Graphical symbols - is the 2025 second-edition component of the ISO 14617 series that defines a symbol library for diagrams related to industrial components, products and processing. The document provides standardized graphical symbols (Tables 1–149) and symbol examples for use in technical diagrams. General preparation and presentation rules are covered in ISO 14617-1, while normative application rules for these symbols appear in Annex A. Informative Annexes B and C list deleted symbols and an alphabetic index, respectively.
Key topics and requirements
- Comprehensive symbol library: Tables 1–149 present basic symbols, supplementary symbols and symbol examples for a wide range of industrial diagram needs.
- Scope boundaries: The standard explicitly does not apply to:
- Fluid power objects (see ISO 1219-1)
- Measurement and control-function symbols (mathematical/process functions)
- Electrotechnical object symbols (see IEC 60617)
- Structured symbol categories: The contents address topics such as components/devices, variability, characteristics (force, motion, mass/magnetic flow, signals), directions, materials, simplifications and general electrotechnical symbols.
- Fluid-handling and process elements: Dedicated sections cover connections, pipelines, valves and flow control, actuators, pumps/compressors/fans, and fluid energy transfer (heat exchangers, cooling towers).
- Normative and informative annexes: Annex A gives application rules (normative). Annex B (informative) lists deleted symbols from prior editions. Annex C (informative) supplies an alphabetic index of defined symbols.
Practical applications
- Use the ISO 14617-2 symbol set to produce standardized industrial diagrams such as schematics, piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), plant layouts and process flow diagrams.
- Integrate symbols into CAD libraries, technical manuals, maintenance documentation and training materials to ensure consistent communication across engineering, operations and safety teams.
- Reference the normative application rules (Annex A) to ensure correct symbol usage and reduce ambiguity during design reviews, procurement and regulatory submissions.
- Leverage the alphabetic index and symbol tables to map symbol IDs directly into drawing templates and symbol libraries for software tools.
Who should use this standard
- Process, mechanical and plant engineers
- Technical illustrators and CAD librarians
- Maintenance and operations personnel preparing or interpreting diagrams
- Standards authors and compliance officers
- Technical publishers producing manuals and schematics
Related standards and cross-references
- ISO 14617-1 (general rules and guidance for graphical symbols)
- ISO 1219-1 (fluid power graphical symbols - collective application standard)
- IEC 60617 (electrotechnical graphical symbols database)
Keywords: ISO 14617-2:2025, graphical symbols for diagrams, symbol library, industrial diagrams, diagram symbols, ISO 14617 series, application rules, technical standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 14617-2:2025 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 2: Graphical symbols". This standard covers: This document specifies graphical symbols for diagrams related to industrial components, products and processing. This document constitutes a symbol library, from which users can use the symbols or created symbol examples for use in diagrams (see Tables 1 to 149). General rules and guidance for the preparation and presentation of graphical symbols are given in ISO 14617-1. Application rules for the symbols are shown in normative Annex A. This document does not apply to: - graphical symbols for fluid power objects, see ISO 1219-1 (the collective application standard of the ISO 14617 series); - symbols of measurement and control functions such as mathematical functions and process functions; - graphical symbols for electrotechnical objects, see the IEC 60617 database. Symbols deleted from the previous edition of the ISO 14617 series are summarized in informative Annex B as a reference. The alphabetic index of symbols defined in this document is shown in informative Annex C.
This document specifies graphical symbols for diagrams related to industrial components, products and processing. This document constitutes a symbol library, from which users can use the symbols or created symbol examples for use in diagrams (see Tables 1 to 149). General rules and guidance for the preparation and presentation of graphical symbols are given in ISO 14617-1. Application rules for the symbols are shown in normative Annex A. This document does not apply to: - graphical symbols for fluid power objects, see ISO 1219-1 (the collective application standard of the ISO 14617 series); - symbols of measurement and control functions such as mathematical functions and process functions; - graphical symbols for electrotechnical objects, see the IEC 60617 database. Symbols deleted from the previous edition of the ISO 14617 series are summarized in informative Annex B as a reference. The alphabetic index of symbols defined in this document is shown in informative Annex C.
ISO 14617-2:2025 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 01.080.30 - Graphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentation. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 14617-2:2025 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 3511-4:1985, ISO 14617-9:2002, ISO 14617-7:2002, ISO 3511-1:1977, ISO 14617-15:2002, ISO 14617-11:2002, ISO 14617-4:2002, ISO 14617-1:2005, ISO 14617-8:2002, ISO 14617-14:2004, ISO 3511-3:1984, ISO 14617-6:2002, ISO 14617-5:2002, ISO 14617-12:2002, ISO 14617-10:2002. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 14617-2:2025 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 3511-1:1995
SIST ISO 3511-2:1995
SIST ISO 3511-3:1995
SIST ISO 3511-4:1995
Grafični simboli za diagrame - 2. del: Grafični simboli
Graphical symbols for diagrams - Part 2: Graphical symbols
Symboles graphiques pour schémas — Partie 2: Symboles graphiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 14617-2:2025
ICS:
01.080.30 Grafični simboli za uporabo v Graphical symbols for use on
risbah, diagramih, načrtih, mechanical engineering and
zemljevidih v strojništvu in construction drawings,
gradbeništvu ter v ustrezni diagrams, plans, maps and in
tehnični proizvodni relevant technical product
dokumentaciji documentation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
International
Standard
ISO 14617-2
Second edition
Graphical symbols for diagrams —
2025-04
Part 2:
Graphical symbols
Symboles graphiques pour schémas —
Partie 2: Symboles graphiques
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . ix
Introduction . xi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General application symbols . 2
4.1 Components, devices, functional units, equipment, plants and functions . 2
4.1.1 Basic symbols . 2
4.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 2
4.1.3 Symbol examples . 4
4.2 Variability . 5
4.2.1 Basic symbols . 5
4.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 5
4.2.3 Symbol examples . 5
4.3 Characteristics for force, motion, mass flow, magnetic flow and signals . 6
4.3.1 Basic symbols . 6
4.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 7
4.3.3 Symbol examples . 7
4.4 Directions . 7
4.4.1 Basic symbols . 7
4.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 9
4.4.3 Symbol examples . 10
4.5 Materials . 12
4.5.1 Basic symbols . 12
4.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 12
4.5.3 Symbol examples . 12
4.6 Simplifications . 13
4.6.1 Basic symbols . 13
4.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 13
4.6.3 Symbol examples . 13
4.7 General electrotechnical symbols . 14
4.7.1 Basic symbols . 14
4.7.2 Supplementary symbols . 15
4.7.3 Symbol examples . 15
5 Connections and related devices (fluids). 15
5.1 Connections, general . 15
5.1.1 Basic symbols . 15
5.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 16
5.1.3 Symbol examples . 18
5.2 Connection functional joints . 19
5.2.1 Basic symbols . 19
5.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 19
5.2.3 Symbol examples . 19
5.3 Connection devices . 20
5.3.1 Basic symbols . 20
5.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 22
5.3.3 Symbol examples . 22
5.4 Connection, simplifications . 22
iii
5.4.1 Basic symbols .22
5.4.2 Supplementary symbols .23
5.4.3 Symbol examples .23
5.5 Couplings, quick release couplings .23
5.5.1 Basic symbols .23
5.5.2 Supplementary symbols .23
5.5.3 Symbol examples .23
5.6 Pipeline and duct elements .24
5.6.1 Basic symbols .24
5.6.2 Supplementary symbols .27
5.6.3 Symbol examples .27
5.7 Access chambers, inspection wells .28
5.7.1 Basic symbols .28
5.7.2 Supplementary symbols .29
5.7.3 Symbol examples .29
6 Fluid flow control .29
6.1 General purpose valves .29
6.1.1 Basic symbols .29
6.1.2 Supplementary symbols .30
6.1.3 Symbol examples .32
6.2 Dampers .37
6.2.1 Basic symbols .37
6.2.2 Supplementary symbols .37
6.2.3 Symbol examples .37
6.3 Valves with special functions .38
6.3.1 Basic symbols .38
6.3.2 Supplementary symbols .38
6.3.3 Symbol examples .38
6.4 Taps, showers, etc. .39
6.4.1 Basic symbols .39
6.4.2 Supplementary symbols .40
6.4.3 Symbol examples .40
6.5 Hydrants .40
6.5.1 Basic symbols .40
6.5.2 Supplementary symbols .40
6.5.3 Symbol examples .40
6.6 Safety devices other than valves .41
6.6.1 Basic symbols .41
6.6.2 Supplementary symbols .41
6.6.3 Symbol examples .41
7 Actuators .42
7.1 Basic elements .42
7.1.1 Basic symbols .42
7.1.2 Supplementary symbols .43
7.1.3 Symbol examples .43
7.2 Manually operated actuators .44
7.2.1 Basic symbols .44
7.2.2 Supplementary symbols .46
7.2.3 Symbol examples .46
7.3 Automatic actuators .46
7.3.1 Basic symbols .46
7.3.2 Supplementary symbols .48
7.3.3 Symbol examples .48
iv
7.4 Complex actuators . 48
7.4.1 Basic symbols . 48
7.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 49
7.4.3 Symbol examples . 49
8 Fluid transport. 50
8.1 Pumps, compressors and fans . 50
8.1.1 Basic symbols . 50
8.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 50
8.1.3 Symbol examples . 53
9 Fluid energy transfer . 54
9.1 Heat exchangers, condensers . 54
9.1.1 Basic symbols . 54
9.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 55
9.1.3 Symbol examples . 55
9.2 Heat exchanger of specific design . 56
9.2.1 Basic symbols . 56
9.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 57
9.2.3 Symbol examples . 57
9.3 Cooling towers . 57
9.3.1 Basic symbols . 57
9.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 58
9.3.3 Symbol examples . 58
10 Fluid separation and mixing . 59
10.1 Separation . 59
10.1.1 Basic symbols . 59
10.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 59
10.1.3 Symbol examples . 60
10.2 Mixing . 64
10.2.1 Basic symbols . 64
10.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 65
10.2.3 Symbol examples . 66
11 Fluid processing . 67
11.1 Processing of liquid fluids by absorption, catalysis, conversion, thermics, etc. . 67
11.1.1 Basic symbols . 67
11.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 67
11.1.3 Symbol examples . 69
12 Fluid power converters . 69
12.1 Devices for conversion of mechanical energy to fluid energy and vice versa . 69
12.1.1 Basic symbols . 69
12.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 70
12.1.3 Symbol examples . 70
12.2 Devices for conversion of fluid mechanical energy by an intermediate fluid step . 72
12.2.1 Basic symbols . 72
12.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 72
12.2.3 Symbol examples . 72
12.3 Linear fluid motors, fluid cylinders . 73
12.3.1 Basic symbols . 73
12.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 73
12.3.3 Symbol examples . 73
13 Storage . 74
13.1 Stationary storage devices . 74
v
13.1.1 Basic symbols .74
13.1.2 Supplementary symbols .75
13.1.3 Symbol examples .76
13.2 Mobile storage devices .78
13.2.1 Basic symbols .78
13.2.2 Supplementary symbols .78
13.2.3 Symbol examples .78
13.3 Energy storage and expansion devices .78
13.3.1 Basic symbols .78
13.3.2 Supplementary symbols .79
13.3.3 Symbol examples .79
14 Material transport and flow control .79
14.1 Conveyors, feeders and associated devices .79
14.1.1 Basic symbols .79
14.1.2 Supplementary symbols .81
14.1.3 Symbol examples .82
14.2 Tracks and associated objects .84
14.2.1 Basic symbols .84
14.2.2 Supplementary symbols .84
14.2.3 Symbol examples .85
14.3 Handling objects, cranes, robots.85
14.3.1 Basic symbols .85
14.3.2 Supplementary symbols .85
14.3.3 Symbol examples .86
14.4 Mobile transport objects .86
14.4.1 Basic symbols .86
14.4.2 Supplementary symbols .88
14.4.3 Symbol examples .88
15 Material separation and mixing .88
15.1 Material separation and mixing .88
15.1.1 Basic symbols .88
15.1.2 Supplementary symbols .88
15.1.3 Symbol examples .89
15.2 Mixing .89
15.2.1 Basic symbols .89
15.2.2 Supplementary symbols .90
15.2.3 Symbol examples .90
16 Material processing .90
16.1 Solid material .90
16.1.1 Basic symbols .90
16.1.2 Supplementary symbols .93
16.1.3 Symbol examples .93
16.2 Bulk material, size reduction .93
16.2.1 Basic symbols .93
16.2.2 Supplementary symbols .93
16.2.3 Symbol examples .95
16.3 Forming, shaping, etc. .95
16.3.1 Basic symbols .95
16.3.2 Supplementary symbols .96
16.3.3 Symbol examples .96
16.4 Thermal .97
16.4.1 Basic symbols .97
16.4.2 Supplementary symbols .97
vi
16.4.3 Symbol examples . 97
17 Energy conversion, boilers, turbines, motors, etc. . 98
17.1 Boilers, steam generators, furnaces and hot air generators . 98
17.1.1 Basic symbols . 98
17.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 99
17.1.3 Symbol examples . 99
17.2 Steam turbines . 100
17.2.1 Basic symbols . 100
17.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 100
17.2.3 Symbol examples . 101
17.3 Combustion engines, reciprocating and rotary pistons, gas turbines . 101
17.3.1 Basic symbols . 101
17.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 102
17.3.3 Symbol examples . 102
17.4 Heat pumps, refrigerators and freezers, water heaters, air conditioners . 103
17.4.1 Basic symbols . 103
17.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 103
17.4.3 Symbol examples . 103
17.5 Electrical motors and generators . 103
17.5.1 Basic symbols . 103
17.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 104
17.5.3 Symbol examples . 104
17.6 Thermal energy consumers . 104
17.6.1 Basic symbols . 104
17.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 104
17.6.3 Symbol examples . 105
18 Mechanical transmission . 105
18.1 Shafts, bearings . 105
18.1.1 Basic symbols . 105
18.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 105
18.1.3 Symbol examples . 105
18.2 Couplings, fixed, detachable and variable . 105
18.2.1 Basic symbols . 105
18.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 106
18.2.3 Symbol examples . 106
18.3 Gears, fixed ratio and variable ratio . 106
18.3.1 Basic symbols . 106
18.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 107
18.3.3 Symbol examples . 107
18.4 Brakes . 107
18.4.1 Basic symbols . 107
18.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 108
18.4.3 Symbol examples . 108
18.5 Belt and chain devices . 108
18.5.1 Basic symbols . 108
18.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 109
18.5.3 Symbol examples . 109
18.6 Miscellaneous mechanical devices . 109
18.6.1 Basic symbols . 109
18.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 110
18.6.3 Symbol examples . 110
19 Measurement and control devices . 110
19.1 Sensors, signal converters and measuring transducers . 110
vii
19.1.1 Basic symbols . 110
19.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 111
19.1.3 Symbol examples . 114
19.2 Fittings for sensors and measuring transducers . 115
19.2.1 Basic symbols . 115
19.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 115
19.2.3 Symbol examples . 115
19.3 Measuring instruments, meters . 116
19.3.1 Basic symbols . 116
19.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 116
19.3.3 Symbol examples . 116
19.4 Counting devices and clocks . 117
19.4.1 Basic symbols . 117
19.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 118
19.4.3 Symbol examples . 118
19.5 Devices for analogue signal processing . 118
19.5.1 Basic symbols . 118
19.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 119
19.5.3 Symbol examples . 119
19.6 Displays and other signalling processing . 120
19.6.1 Basic symbols . 120
19.6.2 Supplementary symbols .
...
International
Standard
ISO 14617-2
Second edition
Graphical symbols for diagrams —
2025-04
Part 2:
Graphical symbols
Symboles graphiques pour schémas —
Partie 2: Symboles graphiques
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . ix
Introduction . xi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General application symbols . 2
4.1 Components, devices, functional units, equipment, plants and functions . 2
4.1.1 Basic symbols . 2
4.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 2
4.1.3 Symbol examples . 4
4.2 Variability . 5
4.2.1 Basic symbols . 5
4.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 5
4.2.3 Symbol examples . 5
4.3 Characteristics for force, motion, mass flow, magnetic flow and signals . 6
4.3.1 Basic symbols . 6
4.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 7
4.3.3 Symbol examples . 7
4.4 Directions . 7
4.4.1 Basic symbols . 7
4.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 9
4.4.3 Symbol examples . 10
4.5 Materials . 12
4.5.1 Basic symbols . 12
4.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 12
4.5.3 Symbol examples . 12
4.6 Simplifications . 13
4.6.1 Basic symbols . 13
4.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 13
4.6.3 Symbol examples . 13
4.7 General electrotechnical symbols . 14
4.7.1 Basic symbols . 14
4.7.2 Supplementary symbols . 15
4.7.3 Symbol examples . 15
5 Connections and related devices (fluids). 15
5.1 Connections, general . 15
5.1.1 Basic symbols . 15
5.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 16
5.1.3 Symbol examples . 18
5.2 Connection functional joints . 19
5.2.1 Basic symbols . 19
5.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 19
5.2.3 Symbol examples . 19
5.3 Connection devices . 20
5.3.1 Basic symbols . 20
5.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 22
5.3.3 Symbol examples . 22
5.4 Connection, simplifications . 22
iii
5.4.1 Basic symbols .22
5.4.2 Supplementary symbols .23
5.4.3 Symbol examples .23
5.5 Couplings, quick release couplings .23
5.5.1 Basic symbols .23
5.5.2 Supplementary symbols .23
5.5.3 Symbol examples .23
5.6 Pipeline and duct elements .24
5.6.1 Basic symbols .24
5.6.2 Supplementary symbols .27
5.6.3 Symbol examples .27
5.7 Access chambers, inspection wells .28
5.7.1 Basic symbols .28
5.7.2 Supplementary symbols .29
5.7.3 Symbol examples .29
6 Fluid flow control .29
6.1 General purpose valves .29
6.1.1 Basic symbols .29
6.1.2 Supplementary symbols .30
6.1.3 Symbol examples .32
6.2 Dampers .37
6.2.1 Basic symbols .37
6.2.2 Supplementary symbols .37
6.2.3 Symbol examples .37
6.3 Valves with special functions .38
6.3.1 Basic symbols .38
6.3.2 Supplementary symbols .38
6.3.3 Symbol examples .38
6.4 Taps, showers, etc. .39
6.4.1 Basic symbols .39
6.4.2 Supplementary symbols .40
6.4.3 Symbol examples .40
6.5 Hydrants .40
6.5.1 Basic symbols .40
6.5.2 Supplementary symbols .40
6.5.3 Symbol examples .40
6.6 Safety devices other than valves .41
6.6.1 Basic symbols .41
6.6.2 Supplementary symbols .41
6.6.3 Symbol examples .41
7 Actuators .42
7.1 Basic elements .42
7.1.1 Basic symbols .42
7.1.2 Supplementary symbols .43
7.1.3 Symbol examples .43
7.2 Manually operated actuators .44
7.2.1 Basic symbols .44
7.2.2 Supplementary symbols .46
7.2.3 Symbol examples .46
7.3 Automatic actuators .46
7.3.1 Basic symbols .46
7.3.2 Supplementary symbols .48
7.3.3 Symbol examples .48
iv
7.4 Complex actuators . 48
7.4.1 Basic symbols . 48
7.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 49
7.4.3 Symbol examples . 49
8 Fluid transport. 50
8.1 Pumps, compressors and fans . 50
8.1.1 Basic symbols . 50
8.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 50
8.1.3 Symbol examples . 53
9 Fluid energy transfer . 54
9.1 Heat exchangers, condensers . 54
9.1.1 Basic symbols . 54
9.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 55
9.1.3 Symbol examples . 55
9.2 Heat exchanger of specific design . 56
9.2.1 Basic symbols . 56
9.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 57
9.2.3 Symbol examples . 57
9.3 Cooling towers . 57
9.3.1 Basic symbols . 57
9.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 58
9.3.3 Symbol examples . 58
10 Fluid separation and mixing . 59
10.1 Separation . 59
10.1.1 Basic symbols . 59
10.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 59
10.1.3 Symbol examples . 60
10.2 Mixing . 64
10.2.1 Basic symbols . 64
10.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 65
10.2.3 Symbol examples . 66
11 Fluid processing . 67
11.1 Processing of liquid fluids by absorption, catalysis, conversion, thermics, etc. . 67
11.1.1 Basic symbols . 67
11.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 67
11.1.3 Symbol examples . 69
12 Fluid power converters . 69
12.1 Devices for conversion of mechanical energy to fluid energy and vice versa . 69
12.1.1 Basic symbols . 69
12.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 70
12.1.3 Symbol examples . 70
12.2 Devices for conversion of fluid mechanical energy by an intermediate fluid step . 72
12.2.1 Basic symbols . 72
12.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 72
12.2.3 Symbol examples . 72
12.3 Linear fluid motors, fluid cylinders . 73
12.3.1 Basic symbols . 73
12.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 73
12.3.3 Symbol examples . 73
13 Storage . 74
13.1 Stationary storage devices . 74
v
13.1.1 Basic symbols .74
13.1.2 Supplementary symbols .75
13.1.3 Symbol examples .76
13.2 Mobile storage devices .78
13.2.1 Basic symbols .78
13.2.2 Supplementary symbols .78
13.2.3 Symbol examples .78
13.3 Energy storage and expansion devices .78
13.3.1 Basic symbols .78
13.3.2 Supplementary symbols .79
13.3.3 Symbol examples .79
14 Material transport and flow control .79
14.1 Conveyors, feeders and associated devices .79
14.1.1 Basic symbols .79
14.1.2 Supplementary symbols .81
14.1.3 Symbol examples .82
14.2 Tracks and associated objects .84
14.2.1 Basic symbols .84
14.2.2 Supplementary symbols .84
14.2.3 Symbol examples .85
14.3 Handling objects, cranes, robots.85
14.3.1 Basic symbols .85
14.3.2 Supplementary symbols .85
14.3.3 Symbol examples .86
14.4 Mobile transport objects .86
14.4.1 Basic symbols .86
14.4.2 Supplementary symbols .88
14.4.3 Symbol examples .88
15 Material separation and mixing .88
15.1 Material separation and mixing .88
15.1.1 Basic symbols .88
15.1.2 Supplementary symbols .88
15.1.3 Symbol examples .89
15.2 Mixing .89
15.2.1 Basic symbols .89
15.2.2 Supplementary symbols .90
15.2.3 Symbol examples .90
16 Material processing .90
16.1 Solid material .90
16.1.1 Basic symbols .90
16.1.2 Supplementary symbols .93
16.1.3 Symbol examples .93
16.2 Bulk material, size reduction .93
16.2.1 Basic symbols .93
16.2.2 Supplementary symbols .93
16.2.3 Symbol examples .95
16.3 Forming, shaping, etc. .95
16.3.1 Basic symbols .95
16.3.2 Supplementary symbols .96
16.3.3 Symbol examples .96
16.4 Thermal .97
16.4.1 Basic symbols .97
16.4.2 Supplementary symbols .97
vi
16.4.3 Symbol examples . 97
17 Energy conversion, boilers, turbines, motors, etc. . 98
17.1 Boilers, steam generators, furnaces and hot air generators . 98
17.1.1 Basic symbols . 98
17.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 99
17.1.3 Symbol examples . 99
17.2 Steam turbines . 100
17.2.1 Basic symbols . 100
17.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 100
17.2.3 Symbol examples . 101
17.3 Combustion engines, reciprocating and rotary pistons, gas turbines . 101
17.3.1 Basic symbols . 101
17.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 102
17.3.3 Symbol examples . 102
17.4 Heat pumps, refrigerators and freezers, water heaters, air conditioners . 103
17.4.1 Basic symbols . 103
17.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 103
17.4.3 Symbol examples . 103
17.5 Electrical motors and generators . 103
17.5.1 Basic symbols . 103
17.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 104
17.5.3 Symbol examples . 104
17.6 Thermal energy consumers . 104
17.6.1 Basic symbols . 104
17.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 104
17.6.3 Symbol examples . 105
18 Mechanical transmission . 105
18.1 Shafts, bearings . 105
18.1.1 Basic symbols . 105
18.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 105
18.1.3 Symbol examples . 105
18.2 Couplings, fixed, detachable and variable . 105
18.2.1 Basic symbols . 105
18.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 106
18.2.3 Symbol examples . 106
18.3 Gears, fixed ratio and variable ratio . 106
18.3.1 Basic symbols . 106
18.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 107
18.3.3 Symbol examples . 107
18.4 Brakes . 107
18.4.1 Basic symbols . 107
18.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 108
18.4.3 Symbol examples . 108
18.5 Belt and chain devices . 108
18.5.1 Basic symbols . 108
18.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 109
18.5.3 Symbol examples . 109
18.6 Miscellaneous mechanical devices . 109
18.6.1 Basic symbols . 109
18.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 110
18.6.3 Symbol examples . 110
19 Measurement and control devices . 110
19.1 Sensors, signal converters and measuring transducers . 110
vii
19.1.1 Basic symbols . 110
19.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 111
19.1.3 Symbol examples . 114
19.2 Fittings for sensors and measuring transducers . 115
19.2.1 Basic symbols . 115
19.2.2 Supplementary symbols . 115
19.2.3 Symbol examples . 115
19.3 Measuring instruments, meters . 116
19.3.1 Basic symbols . 116
19.3.2 Supplementary symbols . 116
19.3.3 Symbol examples . 116
19.4 Counting devices and clocks . 117
19.4.1 Basic symbols . 117
19.4.2 Supplementary symbols . 118
19.4.3 Symbol examples . 118
19.5 Devices for analogue signal processing . 118
19.5.1 Basic symbols . 118
19.5.2 Supplementary symbols . 119
19.5.3 Symbol examples . 119
19.6 Displays and other signalling processing . 120
19.6.1 Basic symbols . 120
19.6.2 Supplementary symbols . 120
19.6.3 Symbol examples . 120
20 Measurement and control functions . 120
20.1 Process functions . 120
20.1.1 Basic symbols . 120
20.1.2 Supplementary symbols . 121
20.1.3 Symbol examples . 122
21 Vacuum technology . 122
21.1
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