ISO 14721:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 14721:2013
01-junij-2013
7UDMQRRKUDQMDQMHSRGDWNRYLQVLVWHPL]DSUHQRVLQIRUPDFLM2GSUWLDUKLYVNL
LQIRUPDFLMVNLVLVWHP2$,65HIHUHQþQLPRGHO
Space data and information transfer systems -- Open archival information system (OAIS)
-- Reference model
Systèmes de transfert des informations et données spatiales -- Système ouvert
d'archivage d'information (SOAI) -- Modèle de référence
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 14721:2012
ICS:
35.240.99 8SRUDEQLãNHUHãLWYH,7QD IT applications in other fields
GUXJLKSRGURþMLK
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
SIST ISO 14721:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 14721:2013

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SIST ISO 14721:2013

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14721
Second edition
2012-09-01

Space data and information transfer
systems — Open archival information
system (OAIS) — Reference model
Systèmes de transfert des informations et données spatiales —
Système ouvert d'archivage d'information (SOAI) — Modèle de
référence




Reference number
ISO 14721:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT


©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56  CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14721 was prepared by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (as
CCSDS 650.0-M-2, June 2012) and was adopted (without modifications except those stated in Clause 2 of
this International Standard) by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 13, Space data and information transfer systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14721:2003), which has been technically
revised.

© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST ISO 14721:2013

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SIST ISO 14721:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14721:2012(E)

Space data and information transfer systems — Open archival
information system (OAIS) — Reference model
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS). An
OAIS is an archive, consisting of an organization, which may be part of a larger organization, of people and
systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a designated
community. It meets a set of such responsibilities as defined in this International Standard, and this allows an
OAIS archive to be distinguished from other uses of the term "archive". The term "open" in OAIS is used to
imply that this International Standard, as well as future related International Standards, are developed in open
forums, and it does not imply that access to the archive is unrestricted.
This International Standard
 provides a framework for the understanding and increased awareness of archival concepts needed for
long term digital information preservation and access,
 provides the concepts needed by non-archival organizations to be effective participants in the
preservation process,
 provides a framework, including terminology and concepts, for describing and comparing architectures
and operations of existing and future archives,
 provides a framework for describing and comparing different Long Term Preservation strategies and
techniques,
 provides a basis for comparing the data models of digital information preserved by archives and for
discussing how data models and the underlying information may change over time,
 provides a framework that may be expanded by other efforts to cover long term preservation of
information that is not in digital form (e.g. physical media and physical samples),
 expands consensus on the elements and processes for long term digital information preservation and
access, and promotes a larger market which vendors can support, and
 guides the identification and production of OAIS-related standards.
The scope and field of application are furthermore detailed in subclauses 1.1 and 1.2 of the enclosed CCSDS
publication.
2 Requirements
Requirements are the technical recommendations made in the following publication (reproduced on the
following pages), which is adopted as an International Standard:
CCSDS 650.0-M-2, June 2012, Reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS).
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
For the purposes of international standardization, the modifications outlined below shall apply to the specific
clauses and paragraphs of publication CCSDS 650.0-M-2.
Pages i to v
This part is information which is relevant to the CCSDS publication only.
Page D-1
Add the following information to the reference indicated:
[D6] Document CCSDS 620.0-B-2, May 1992, is equivalent to ISO 12175:1994.
1)
[D7] Document CCSDS 644.0-B-2, November 2000, is equivalent to ISO 15889:2003 .
[D8] Document CCSDS 647.1-B-1, June 2001, is equivalent to ISO 21961:2003.
[D9] Document CCSDS 647.2-B-1, June 2001, is equivalent to ISO 21962:2003.
[D11] Document CCSDS 661.0-B-1, September 2008, is equivalent to ISO 13527:2010.
3 Revision of publication CCSDS 650.0-M-2
It has been agreed with the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems that Subcommittee
ISO/TC 20/SC 13 will be consulted in the event of any revision or amendment of publication
CCSDS 650.0-M-2. To this end, NASA will act as a liaison body between CCSDS and ISO.

1) Cancelled and replaced by ISO 15889:2011.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)

Recommendation for Space Data System Practices
REFERENCE MODEL FOR AN
OPEN ARCHIVAL
INFORMATION SYSTEM (OAIS)
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
CCSDS 650.0-M-2
MAGENTA BOOK
June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 17421:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
AUTHORITY



Issue: Recommended Practice, Issue 2
Date: June 2012
Location: Washington, DC, USA

This document has been approved for publication by the Management Council of the
Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) and represents the consensus
technical agreement of the participating CCSDS Member Agencies. The procedure for
review and authorization of CCSDS documents is detailed in Organization and Processes for
the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS A02.1-Y-3), and the record of
Agency participation in the authorization of this document can be obtained from the CCSDS
Secretariat at the address below.


This document is published and maintained by:

CCSDS Secretariat
Space Communications and Navigation Office, 7L70
Space Operations Mission Directorate
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page i June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
STATEMENT OF INTENT
The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) is an organization officially
established by the management of its members. The Committee meets periodically to address
data systems problems that are common to all participants, and to formulate sound technical
solutions to these problems. Inasmuch as participation in the CCSDS is completely
voluntary, the results of Committee actions are termed Recommendations and are not in
themselves considered binding on any Agency.
CCSDS Recommendations take two forms: Recommended Standards that are prescriptive
and are the formal vehicles by which CCSDS Agencies create the standards that specify how
elements of their space mission support infrastructure shall operate and interoperate with
others; and Recommended Practices that are more descriptive in nature and are intended to
provide general guidance about how to approach a particular problem associated with space
mission support. This Recommended Practice is issued by, and represents the consensus of,
the CCSDS members. Endorsement of this Recommended Practice is entirely voluntary
and does not imply a commitment by any Agency or organization to implement its
recommendations in a prescriptive sense.
No later than five years from its date of issuance, this Recommended Practice will be
reviewed by the CCSDS to determine whether it should: (1) remain in effect without change;
(2) be changed to reflect the impact of new technologies, new requirements, or new
directions; or (3) be retired or canceled.
In those instances when a new version of a Recommended Practice is issued, existing
CCSDS-related member Practices and implementations are not negated or deemed to be non-
CCSDS compatible. It is the responsibility of each member to determine when such Practices
or implementations are to be modified. Each member is, however, strongly encouraged to
direct planning for its new Practices and implementations towards the later version of the
Recommended Practice.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page ii June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 17421:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
FOREWORD
This document is a technical Recommended Practice for use in developing a broader
consensus on what is required for an archive to provide permanent, or indefinite Long Term,
preservation of digital information.
This Recommended Practice establishes a common framework of terms and concepts which
make up an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). It allows existing and future
archives to be more meaningfully compared and contrasted. It provides a basis for further
standardization within an archival context and it should promote greater vendor awareness
of, and support of, archival requirements.
CCSDS has changed the classification of Reference Models from Blue (Recommended
Standard) to Magenta (Recommended Practice).
Through the process of normal evolution, it is expected that expansion, deletion, or
modification of this document may occur. This Recommended Practice is therefore subject
to CCSDS document management and change control procedures, which are defined in the
Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems. Current
versions of CCSDS documents are maintained at the CCSDS Web site:
http://www.ccsds.org/
Questions relating to the contents or status of this document should be addressed to the
CCSDS Secretariat at the address indicated on page i.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page iii June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
At time of publication, the active Member and Observer Agencies of the CCSDS were:
Member Agencies
– Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy.
– Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada.
– Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)/France.
– China National Space Administration (CNSA)/People’s Republic of China.
– Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany.
– European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe.
– Federal Space Agency (FSA)/Russian Federation.
– Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil.
– Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan.
– National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/USA.
– UK Space Agency/United Kingdom.
Observer Agencies
– Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria.
– Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium.
– Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation.
– China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General, Beijing Institute of Tracking
and Telecommunications Technology (CLTC/BITTT)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST)/China.
– Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia.
– CSIR Satellite Applications Centre (CSIR)/Republic of South Africa.
– Danish National Space Center (DNSC)/Denmark.
– Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA)/Brazil.
– European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
(EUMETSAT)/Europe.
– European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT)/Europe.
– Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)/Thailand.
– Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece.
– Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India.
– Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation.
– KFKI Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics (KFKI)/Hungary.
– Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)/Korea.
– Ministry of Communications (MOC)/Israel.
– National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)/Japan.
– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/USA.
– National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NSARK)/Kazakhstan.
– National Space Organization (NSPO)/Chinese Taipei.
– Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST)/USA.
– Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/Turkey.
– Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)/Pakistan.
– Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)/Sweden.
– United States Geological Survey (USGS)/USA.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page iv June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 17421:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
DOCUMENT CONTROL

Document Title Date Status
CCSDS Reference Model for an Open January Original issue
650.0-B-1 Archival Information System (OAIS) 2002 (superseded)
CCSDS Reference Model for an Open June 2012 Current issue:
650.0-M-2 Archival Information System – updates document
(OAIS), Recommended Practice, based on input from
Issue 2 user community
(note).
NOTE – This issue includes: clarifications to many concepts, in particular Authenticity
with the concept of Transformational Information Property introduced;
corrections and improvements in diagrams; addition of Access Rights
Information to PDI. Annex A from the previous issue, describing existing
archives, has been removed. A security annex has been added as required by
CCSDS. Substantive changes are indicated by change bars in the inside margin.

CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page v June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
CONTENTS
Section Page
1 INTRODUCTION . 1-1

1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE . 1-1
1.2 APPLICABILITY . 1-2
1.3 RATIONALE . 1-3
1.4 CONFORMANCE . 1-3
1.5 ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RELATED STANDARDS . 1-4
1.6 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE . 1-5
1.7 DEFINITIONS . 1-7

2 OAIS CONCEPTS . 2-1

2.1 OAIS ENVIRONMENT . 2-2
2.2 OAIS INFORMATION . 2-3
2.3 OAIS HIGH-LEVEL EXTERNAL INTERACTIONS . 2-8

3 OAIS RESPONSIBILITIES . 3-1

3.1 MANDATORY RESPONSIBILITIES . 3-1
3.2 EXAMPLE MECHANISMS FOR DISCHARGING RESPONSIBILITIES . 3-1

4 DETAILED MODELS . 4-1

4.1 FUNCTIONAL MODEL . 4-1
4.2 INFORMATION MODEL . 4-20
4.3 INFORMATION PACKAGE TRANSFORMATIONS . 4-50

5 PRESERVATION PERSPECTIVES . 5-1

5.1 DIGITAL MIGRATION . 5-2
5.2 PRESERVATION OF ACCESS AND USE SERVICES . 5-10

6 ARCHIVE INTEROPERABILITY . 6-1

6.1 TECHNICAL LEVELS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN OAIS ARCHIVES . 6-2
6.2 MANAGEMENT ISSUES WITH FEDERATED ARCHIVES . 6-8

ANNEX A COMPOSITE FUNCTIONAL VIEW (NORMATIVE) . A-1
ANNEX B RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER STANDARDS OR EFFORTS
(INFORMATIVE) .B-1
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page vi June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 17421:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
CONTENTS (continued)
Section Page
ANNEX C BRIEF GUIDE TO THE UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE (UML)
(INFORMATIVE) . C-1
ANNEX D INFORMATIVE REFERENCES (INFORMATIVE) . D-1
ANNEX E A MODEL FOR SOFTWARE USE IN REPRESENTATION
INFORMATION (INFORMATIVE) .E-1
ANNEX F SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS (INFORMATIVE) . F-1
Figure
2-1 Environment Model of an OAIS . 2-2
2-2 Obtaining Information from Data . 2-4
2-3 Information Package Concepts and Relationships . 2-6
2-4 OAIS Archive External Data . 2-8
4-1 OAIS Functional Entities . 4-1
4-2 Functions of the Ingest Functional Entity . 4-5
4-3 Functions of the Archival Storage Functional Entity . 4-8
4-4 Functions of the Data Management Functional Entity . 4-10
4-5 Functions of the Administration Functional Entity . 4-11
4-6 Functions of the Preservation Planning Functional Entity . 4-14
4-7 Functions of the Access Functional Entity . 4-16
4-8 OAIS Data Flow Diagram . 4-18
4-9 Administration Context Diagram . 4-19
4-10 Information Object . 4-21
4-11 Representation Information Object . 4-23
4-12 Information Object Taxonomy . 4-26
4-13 Information Package Contents . 4-34
4-14 Information Package Taxonomy . 4-35
4-15 Archival Information Package (AIP) . 4-37
4-16 Preservation Description Information . 4-38
4-17 Package Description . 4-39
4-18 Archival Information Package (Detailed View) . 4-40
4-19 Archival Specialization of the AIP . 4-41
4-20 Archival Specialization of the Package . 4-42
4-21 Archival Information Unit (AIU) . 4-43
4-22 Unit Description . 4-44
4-23 Archive Information Collections Logical View . 4-46
4-24 Collection Description . 4-47
4-25 Data Management Information . 4-50
4-26 High-Level Data Flows in an OAIS . 4-51
5-1 Conceptual View of Relationships among Names and AIP Components . 5-3
6-1 Cooperating Archives with Mutual Exchange Agreement . 6-3
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page vii June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
CONTENTS (continued)
Figure Page
6-2 Cooperating Archives with Standard Ingest and Access Methods . 6-4
6-3 An OAIS Federation Employing a Common Catalog . 6-5
6-4 Archives with Shared Storage . 6-8
A-1 Composite of Functional Entities . A-2
C-1 Key to UML Relationships .C-1
E-1 Layered Information Model . E-1

Table
4-1 Examples of PDI . 4-31

CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page viii June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 17421:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The purpose of this document is to define the CCSDS and International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS).
An OAIS is an Archive, consisting of an organization, which may be part of a larger
organization, of people and systems that has accepted the responsibility to preserve
information and make it available for a Designated Community. It meets a set of such
responsibilities as defined in this document, and this allows an OAIS Archive to be
distinguished from other uses of the term ‘archive’. The term ‘Open’ in OAIS is used to
imply that this Recommendation, as well as future related Recommendations and standards,
are developed in open forums, and it does not imply that access to the Archive is
unrestricted.
The information being maintained has been deemed to need Long Term Preservation, even
if the OAIS itself is not permanent. Long Term is long enough to be concerned with the
impacts of changing technologies, including support for new media and data formats, or with
a changing user community. Long Term may extend indefinitely. In this reference model
there is a particular focus on digital information, both as the primary forms of information
held and as supporting information for both digitally and physically archived materials.
Therefore, the model accommodates information that is inherently non-digital (e.g., a
physical sample), but the modeling and preservation of such information is not addressed in
detail. This reference model:
– provides a framework for the understanding and increased awareness of archival
concepts needed for Long Term digital information preservation and access;
– provides the concepts needed by non-archival organizations to be effective
participants in the preservation process;
– provides a framework, including terminology and concepts, for describing and
comparing architectures and operations of existing and future Archives;
– provides a framework for describing and comparing different Long Term
Preservation strategies and techniques;
– provides a basis for comparing the data models of digital information preserved by
Archives and for discussing how data models and the underlying information may
change over time;
– provides a framework that may be expanded by other efforts to cover Long Term
Preservation of information that is NOT in digital form (e.g., physical media and
physical samples);
– expands consensus on the elements and processes for Long Term digital information
preservation and access, and promotes a larger market which vendors can support;
– guides the identification and production of OAIS-related standards.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Page 1-1 June 2012
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SIST ISO 14721:2013
ISO 14721:2012(E)
CCSDS RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR AN OAIS REFERENCE MODEL
The reference model addresses a full range of archival information preservation functions
including ingest, archival storage, data management, access, and dissemination. It also
addresses the migration of digital information to new media and forms, the data models used
to represent the information, the role of software in information preservation, and the
exchange of digital information among Archives. It identifies both internal and external
interfaces to the Archive functions, and it identifies a number of high-level services at these
interfaces. It provides various illustrative examples and some ‘best practice’
recommendations. It defines a minimal set of responsibilities for an Archive to be called an
OAIS, and it also defines a maximal Archive to provide a broad set of useful terms and
concepts.
1.2 APPLICABILITY
The OAIS model in this document may be applicable to any Archive. It is specifically
applicable to organizations with the responsibility of making information available for the
Long Term. This includes organizations with other responsibilities, such as processing and
distribution in response to programmatic needs
...

S L O V E N S K I SIST ISO 14721

STANDARD
junij 2013











Trajno ohranjanje podatkov in sistemi za prenos informacij –
Odprti arhivski informacijski sistem (OAIS) – Referenčni model

Space data and information transfer systems – Open archival information system
(OAIS) – Reference model

Systèmes de transfert des informations et données spatiales – Système ouvert
d'archivage d'information (SOAI) – Modèle de référence





























Referenčna oznaka

ICS 35.240.99; 49.140 SIST ISO 14721:2013 (sl)




Nadaljevanje na straneh od 2 do 137



© 2017-02. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ISO 14721 : 2013

ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL


NACIONALNI UVOD

Standard SIST ISO 14721 (sl), Trajno ohranjanje podatkov in sistemi za prenos informacij – Odprti
arhivski informacijski sistem (OAIS) – Referenčni model, 2013, ima status slovenskega standarda in je
enakovreden mednarodnemu standardu ISO 14721 (en), Space data and information transfer systems
– Open archival information system (OAIS) – Reference model, 2012.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR

Mednarodni standard ISO 14721:2012 ima osnovo v dokumentu CCSDS 650.0-M-2 (junij 2012), ki ga
je pripravil posvetovalni odbor Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). Dokument
je nato kot standard prevzela mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo ISO in tehnični odbor
ISO/TC 20 Zrakoplovi in vesoljska vozila, pododbor SC 13 Trajno ohranjanje podatkov in sistemi za
prenos informacij, ga je sprejel brez sprememb, razen naštetih v točki 2 tega mednarodnega
standarda.

Slovenski standard SIST ISO 14721:2013 je prevod mednarodnega standarda ISO 14721:2012. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda je odločilen izvirni mednarodni standard v
angleškem jeziku. Slovenski standard SIST ISO 14721:2013 je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC IDT
Informatika, dokumentacija in splošna terminologija.

Odločitev za izdajo tega standarda je dne 29. januarja 2013 sprejel SIST/TC IDO Informatika in
dokumentacija (sedaj SIST/TC IDT).

OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA

– Privzem standarda ISO 14721:2012

OPOMBI

– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “mednarodni standard”, v
SIST ISO 14721:2013 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.

– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.


2 © ISO 2012 – Vse pravice pridržane

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SIST ISO 14721 : 2013

INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL
Predgovor k mednarodnemu standardu

ISO (Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo) je svetovna zveza nacionalnih organov za standarde
(članov ISO). Mednarodne standarde ponavadi pripravljajo tehnični odbori ISO. Vsak član, ki želi delovati
na določenem področju, za katero je bil ustanovljen tehnični odbor, ima pravico biti zastopan v tem
odboru. Pri delu sodelujejo mednarodne vladne in nevladne organizacije, povezane z ISO. V vseh
zadevah, ki so povezane s standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike, ISO tesno sodeluje z
Mednarodno elektrotehniško komisijo (IEC).

Mednarodni standardi so pripravljeni v skladu s pravili, podanimi v 2. delu Direktiv ISO/IEC.

Glavna naloga tehničnih odborov je priprava mednarodnih standardov. Osnutki mednarodnih
standardov, ki jih sprejmejo tehnični odbori, se pošljejo vsem članom v glasovanje. Za objavo
mednarodnega standarda je treba pridobiti soglasje najmanj 75 odstotkov članov, ki se udeležijo
glasovanja.

Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da je lahko nekaj elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet
patentnih pravic. ISO ne prevzema odgovornosti za identifikacijo katerihkoli ali vseh takih patentnih
pravic.

ISO 14721 je pripravil odbor Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) (kot CCSDS
650.0-M-2, junij 2012) in ga je tehnični odbor ISO/TC 20, Zrakoplovi in vesoljska vozila, pododbor SC 13,
Trajno ohranjanje podatkov in sistemi za prenos informacij, sprejel (brez sprememb, razen naštetih v
točki 2 tega mednarodnega standarda).

Ta druga izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča prvo izdajo (ISO 14721:2003), ki je bila tehnično revidirana.

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ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL
MEDNARODNI STANDARD


Trajno ohranjanje podatkov in sistemi za prenos informacij – Odprti arhivski
informacijski sistem (OAIS) – Referenčni model

1 Področje uporabe
Ta mednarodni standard določa referenčni model za odprti arhivski informacijski sistem (OAIS). OAIS
je arhiv, ki deluje kot organizacija oseb in sistemov (ti so lahko del večjih organizacij). Arhiv OAIS je
sprejel odgovornost za ohranjanje informacij ciljne skupnosti ter za zagotavljanje dostopa ciljne
skupnosti do teh informacij. Arhiv OAIS opravlja vrsto odgovornosti, določenih v tem mednarodnem
standardu, zaradi katerih se arhiv OAIS razlikuje od drugih uporab izraza "arhiv". Izraz "odprti" v OAIS
poudarja dejstvo, da so ta mednarodni standard in tudi nadaljnji povezani mednarodni standardi razviti
znotraj odprtih forumov, ne pomeni pa neomejenega dostopa do arhiva.
Ta mednarodni standard:
- zagotavlja delovni okvir za razumevanje in večjo ozaveščenost o arhivskih konceptih, ki so
potrebni za dolgoročno digitalno ohranjanje in dostop do informacij;
- zagotavlja koncepte, ki jih nearhivske organizacije potrebujejo za uspešno sodelovanje v
postopku ohranjanja informacij;
- zagotavlja delovni okvir, vključno s terminologijo in koncepti, za opisovanje in primerjanje sestave
ter operacij trenutnih in prihodnjih arhivov;
- zagotavlja delovni okvir za opisovanje in primerjanje različnih strategij ter tehnik dolgoročnega
ohranjanja informacij;
- zagotavlja osnovo za primerjavo podatkovnih modelov digitalnih informacij, hranjenih v arhivih, ter
omogoča razpravljanje o spremembah podatkovnih modelov in osnovnih informacij v določenem
časovnem obdobju;
- zagotavlja delovni okvir za vključevanje drugih postopkov, namenjenih dolgoročnemu ohranjanju
informacij, ki niso v digitalni obliki (npr. fizični mediji, fizični vzorci);
- razširja dogovor o elementih in postopkih dolgoročnega digitalnega ohranjanja informacij ter
dostopa do teh informacij in promovira večjo tržno nišo, ki jo lahko podprejo ponudniki storitev;
- nadzoruje identifikacijo in pripravo podobnih standardov OAIS.
Področje in obseg uporabe sta natančno opredeljena v podpoglavjih 1.1 in 1.2 priloženega dokumenta
CCSDS.

2 Zahteve

Zahteve so tehnična priporočila, navedena v nadaljnjem besedilu tega dokumenta, ki je sprejet kot
mednarodni standard:

CCSDS 650.0-M-2, junij 2012, Reference model for an open archival information system (OAIS).
4 © ISO 2012 – Vse pravice pridržane

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INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL
V mednarodni standardizaciji je v določenih poglavjih in odstavkih dokumenta CCSDS 650.0-M-2
treba upoštevati spodaj navedena preoblikovanja prve izdaje tega dokumenta.

Strani od i do v:

Ta del vsebuje informacije, ki so pomembne le za publikacije CCSDS.

Stran D-1:

Referenčnim številkam so dodane naslednje informacije:

[D6] Dokument CCSDS 620.0-B-2, maj 1992, je enakovreden ISO 12175:1994.

1.
[D7] Dokument CCSDS 644.0-B-2, november 2000, je enakovreden ISO 15889:2003

[D8] Dokument CCSDS 647.1-B-1, junij 2001, je enakovreden ISO 21961:2003.

[D9] Dokument CCSDS 647.2-B-1, junij 2001, je enakovreden ISO 21962:2003.

[D11] Dokument CCSDS 661.0-B-1, september 2008, je enakovreden ISO 13527:2010.

3 Revizija dokumenta CCSDS 650.0-M-2

V skladu z dogovorom s Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) bo pododbor
ISO/TC 20/SC 13 svetovalec pri vsaki reviziji ali modifikaciji dokumenta CCSDS 650.0-M-2. V ta
namen bo NASA kot posvetovalni organ tesno sodelovala s CCSDS in ISO.











1
Razveljavljen in nadomeščen z ISO 15889:2011.
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Priporočila za prakse sistema trajnega ohranjanja
podatkov




ODPRTI ARHIVSKI
INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM

(OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL




PRIPOROČENA PRAKSA
CCSDS 650.0-M-2
MAGENTA KNJIGA
Junij 2012





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ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL






ODGOVORNOST



Izdaja: Priporočena praksa, izdaja 2


Datum: Junij 2012

Lokacija: Washington, DC, USA



Objavo tega dokumenta je odobril Management Council of the Consultative Committee for Space Data
Systems (CCSDS). Ta dokument predstavlja tehnični konsenz sodelujočih agencij s statusom članice
CCSDS. Postopki za revizijo in odobritev dokumentov CCSDS so opisani v Organization and
Processes for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS A02.1-Y-3). Potrdila o
sodelovanju agencij pri avtorizaciji tega dokumenta je mogoče pridobiti v tajništvu CCSDS na
spodnjem naslovu.

Za objavo in vzdrževanje tega dokumenta je odgovoren:

CCSDS Secretariat
Space Communications and Navigation Office
7L70 Space Operations Mission Directorate
NASA Headquarters
Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA





















CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Stran i Junij 2012
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IZJAVA O NAMERI


Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) je organizacija, ki so jo uradno ustanovili
upravni odbori njenih članic. Odbor se redno sestaja, da obravnava težave na področju podatkovnih
sistemov, ki so skupne vsem udeležencem, ter oblikuje temeljne tehnične rešitve teh težav.
Sodelovanje v CCSDS je prostovoljno, zato se vse odločbe, ki jih sprejme posvetovalni odbor,
imenujejo priporočila, ki sama po sebi niso zavezujoča za nobeno agencijo.
Priporočila CCSDS imajo dve obliki: priporočeni standardi so predpisovalni in predstavljajo formalna
sredstva, s katerimi agencije CCSDS pripravljajo standarde, ki določajo način delovanja njihovih
podpornih sistemov za trajno ohranjanje in način sodelovanja z drugimi agencijami. Priporočene
prakse so bolj opisovalne in so namenjene zagotavljanju splošnega vodenja pri reševanju težav, ki so
povezane s poslanstvom trajnega ohranjanja informacij. Ta priporočena praksa predstavlja konsenz
članov CCSDS, ki so jo izdali. Potrditev te priporočene prakse je prostovoljna in ne zavezuje nobene
agencije ali organizacije k izvajanju priporočil na predpisovalen način.
To priporočeno prakso bo najpozneje v petih letih po izidu pregledal CCSDS, ki bo določil, ali naj
dokument (1) ostane v veljavi nespremenjen; (2) se spremeni zaradi uvedbe novih tehnologij, zahtev
ali smernic ali (3) se umakne ali razveljavi.
Morebitna nova izdaja priporočene prakse ne preklicuje obstoječe izdaje praks in uporabe v članicah
CCSDS, prav tako obstoječa izdaja ohrani združljivost s CCSDS. Vsaka posamezna članica CCSDS
je odgovorna za preoblikovanje obstoječe izdaje, ki je v veljavi v njeni državi, vendar CCSDS
priporoča, da članice obstoječe izdaje praks in uporab čim prej prilagodijo zadnji izdaji priporočene
prakse.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Junij 2012
Stran ii
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ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL

PREDGOVOR
Ta dokument je tehnična priporočena praksa za uporabo pri razvoju splošnega konsenza o zahtevah
do arhiva, ki zagotavlja trajno ali dolgoročno ohranjanje informacij (v nedoločenem časovnem
obdobju).

Ta priporočena praksa vzpostavlja skupni delovni okvir izrazov in konceptov, ki gradijo odprti arhivski
informacijski sistem (OAIS). Dovoljuje bolj smiselno primerjavo in razlikovanje obstoječih in prihodnjih
arhivov. Ta dokument zagotavlja podlago za nadaljnjo standardizacijo v okviru arhivskega konteksta
ter večjo prepoznavnost in podporo arhivskih zahtev večjih ponudnikov.

CCSDS je spremenil klasifikacijo referenčnim modelom iz modre (priporočeni standardi) v magenta
(priporočena praksa) knjigo.

Ta dokument je v postopku normalnega razvoja mogoče razširiti, preoblikovati ali delno izbrisati. Ta
priporočena praksa je predmet CCSDS-jevega upravljanja dokumentov in postopkov za spremembo
odgovornosti, ki so določeni v Procedures Manual for the Consultative Committee for Space Data
Systems. Trenutne izdaje dokumentov CCSDS so dostopne na spletni strani CCSDS:

   http://www.ccsds.org/

Vprašanja, ki se nanašajo na vsebino ali status tega dokumenta, se naslovijo na tajništvo CCSDS na
naslov, naveden na strani i.































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V času objave tega dokumenta so bile aktivne agencije s statusom članice in agencije s statusom
opazovalke CCSDS:

Agencije s statusom članice:
– Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)/Italy.
– Canadian Space Agency (CSA)/Canada.
– Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)/France.
– China National Space Administration (CNSA)/People’s Republic of China.
– Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR)/Germany.
– European Space Agency (ESA)/Europe.
– Federal Space Agency (FSA)/Russian Federation.
– Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)/Brazil.
– Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Japan.
– National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/USA.
– UK Space Agency/United Kingdom.

Agencije s statusom opazovalke:
– Austrian Space Agency (ASA)/Austria.
– Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BFSPO)/Belgium.
– Central Research Institute of Machine Building (TsNIIMash)/Russian Federation.
– China Satellite Launch and Tracking Control General, Beijing Institute of Tracking and
Telecommunications Technology (CLTC/BITTT)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)/China.
– Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST)/China.
– Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)/Australia.
– CSIR Satellite Applications Centre (CSIR)/Republic of South Africa.
– Danish National Space Center (DNSC)/Denmark.
– Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA)/Brazil.
– European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)/Europe.
– European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT)/Europe.
– Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (GISTDA)/Thailand.
– Hellenic National Space Committee (HNSC)/Greece.
– Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)/India.
– Institute of Space Research (IKI)/Russian Federation.
– KFKI Research Institute for Particle & Nuclear Physics (KFKI)/Hungary.
– Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)/Korea.
– Ministry of Communications (MOC)/Israel.
– National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)/Japan.
– National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/USA.
– National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (NSARK)/Kazakhstan.
– National Space Organization (NSPO)/Chinese Taipei.
– Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST)/USA.
– Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/Turkey.
– Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)/Pakistan.
– Swedish Space Corporation (SSC)/Sweden.
– United States Geological Survey (USGS)/USA.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Junij 2012
Stran iv
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ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL



NADZOR DOKUMENTA

Dokument Naslov Datum Status
CCSDS 650.0-B-1 Reference Model for an januar 2002 prva izdaja
Open Archival Information (nadomeščena)
System (OAIS)
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Reference Model for an junij 2012 trenutna izdaja:
Open Archival Information prenovljen dokument s
System (OAIS), prispevki uporabniške
priporočena praksa, skupnosti (glej opombo)
izdaja 2

OPOMBA: Ta izdaja vključuje: pojasnila k številnim konceptom, zlasti k avtentičnosti, s predstavitvijo koncepta lastnosti
transformiranih informacij, popravke in izboljšave v diagramih, dodane informacije o pravicah dostopa do
opisnih informacij za ohranjanje. Dodatek A v prejšnji izdaji, ki opisuje obstoječe arhive, je odstranjen. Na
zahtevo CCSDS je dodan dodatek o varnosti.
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Junij 2012
Stran v
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VSEBINA Stran
1 Uvod . 15
1.1 Namen in področje uporabe . 15
1.2 Uporabnost . 16
1.3 Razlogi za pripravo dokumenta . 17
1.4 Skladnost . 17
1.5 Pregled razvoja povezanih standardov . 18
1.6 Struktura dokumenta . 19
1.7 Definicije . 21
2 Koncepti OAIS-a . 29
2.1 Okolje OAIS-a . 30
2.2 Informacije OAIS-a . 31
2.3 Zunanje interakcije OAIS-a na visoki ravni. 36
3 Odgovornosti OAIS-a . 40
3.1 Obvezne zahteve . 40
3.2. Primeri mehanizmov za izvajanje odgovornosti . 40
4 Podrobni modeli . 46
4.1 Funkcionalni model . 46
4.2 Informacijski model . 65
4.3 Transformacije informacijskih paketov . 95
5 Načrti/prakse ohranjanja.101
5.1 Digitalna migracija .102
5.2 Ohranjanje dostopa in uporabe storitev .110
6 Interoperabilnost arhiva .116
6.1 Tehnične ravni interakcije med arhivi OAIS .117
6.2 Izzivi upravljanja povezanih arhivov .123
Dodatek A: Sestavljen funkcionalni vpogled (normativni) .125
Dodatek B: Povezave z drugimi standardi ali prizadevanji (informativni) .127
Dodatek C: Kratek vodnik po splošno namenskem modelnem jeziku (UML) (informativni) .129
Dodatek D: Informativne reference (informativni) .131
Dodatek E: Model za uporabo programske opreme za informacije za prikazovanje (informativni) .133
Dodatek F: Varnostna politika (informativni) .136
Slike
2-1 Model okolja OAIS . 30
2-2 Pridobivanje informacij iz podatkov . 32
2-3 Koncepti in povezave v informacijskem paketu . 34
2-4 Zunanji podatki arhiva OAIS . 36
CCSDS 650.0-M-2 Junij 2012
Stran vi
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ODPRTI ARHIVSKI INFORMACIJSKI SISTEM (OAIS) – REFERENČNI MODEL

4-1 Funkcionalne entitete OAIS-a . 46
4-2 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete za prevzem . 50
4-3 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete arhivskega skladišča . 53
4-4 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete za upravljanje s podatki . 55
4-5 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete za administriranje . 56
4-6 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete za načrtovanje ohranjanja . 59
4-7 Funkcije funkcionalne entitete za dostop . 61
4-8 Diagram pretoka podatkov v OAIS . 63
4-9 Diagram vsebine administriranja . 64
4-10 Informacijski objekt . 66
4-11 Objekt informacij za prikazovanje . 68
4-12 Taksonomija informacijskega objekta . 71
4-13 Vsebine informacijskega paketa . 79
4-14 Taksonomija informacijskega paketa . 80
4-15 Arhivski informacijski paket (AIP) . 82
4-16 Opisne informacije za ohranjanje . 83
4-17 Opis paketa . 84
4-18 Arhivski informacijski paket (podroben vpogled) . 85
4-19 Arhivska specializacija AIP-ja . 86
4-20 Arhivska specializacija paketa . 87
4-21 Arhivska informacijska enota (AIU) . 88
4-22 Opis enote . 89
4-23 Logični vpogled v arhivske informacijske zbirke . 91
4-24 Opis zbirke . 92
4-25 Informacije o upravljanju s podatki . 95
4-26 Kompleksni podatkovni tokovi v OAIS-u . 96
5-1 Konceptualni vpogled v povezave med imeni in komponentami AIP .103
6-1 Sodelujoči arhivi z dogovorom o vzajemni izmenjavi .118
6-2 Sodelujoči arhivi s standardnimi metodami prevzema in dostopa .119
6-3 Zveza OAIS-ov, ki uporabljata skupni katalog .120
6-4 Arhivi z deljenim skladiščem .123
A-1 Sestav funkcionalnih entitet .126
C-1 Ključ do povezav UML .129
E-1 Večstopenjski informacijski model .133
Preglednica
4-1 Primeri PDI-jev . 76
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1 Uvod

1.1 Namen in področje uporabe

Namen tega dokumenta je določiti referenčni model za odprti arhivski informacijski sistem
(OAIS), ki sta ga oblikovala CCSDS in Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo (ISO). OAIS je
arhiv, ki deluje kot organizacija oseb in sistemov (ti so lahko del večjih organizacij). Arhiv OAIS je
sprejel odgovornost za trajno ohranjanje informacij ciljne skupnosti ter za zagotavljanje dostopa
do teh informacij za ciljno skupnost. Arhiv OAIS opravlja vrsto odgovornosti, določenih v tem
dokumentu, zaradi katerih se arhiv OAIS razlikuje od drugih uporab izraza "arhiv". Izraz "odprti" v
OAIS poudarja dejstvo, da so ta priporočila in tudi nadaljnja povezana priporočila in standardi razviti
znotraj odprtih forumov, ne pomeni pa neomejenega dostopa do arhiva.

Vzdrževanje informacij zahteva njihovo dolgoročno ohranjanje, ne glede na to, da obstoj arhiva
OAIS ni trajen. Dolgoročno obdobje je časovno obdobje, v katerem se pojavijo spremembe
tehnologije, ki zagotavlja podporo novim medijem ter formatom podatkov (ne zagotavlja pa več
podpore za stare medije in formate podatkov, shranjenih v OAIS), ter spremembe v strukturi ciljne
skupnosti. Dolgoročno obdobje ni časovno omejeno. Ta referenčni model se osredotoča na
digitalne informacije, na primarne oblike hranjenih informacij ter na podporne informacije o
arhivskem gradivu v digitalni in fizični obliki. Referenčni model omogoča prilagajanje in ohranjanje
informacij, ki v osnovi niso digitalne (npr. fizični vzorec), njihovo oblikovanje in ohranjanje pa nista
natančno opredeljena. Ta referenčni model:
– zagotavlja delovni okvir za boljše razumevanje in večjo ozaveščenost o arhivskih konceptih,
potrebnih za dolgoročno digitalno ohranjanje in dostop do informacij;
– zagotavlja koncepte, ki jih nearhivske organizacije potrebujejo za aktivno sodelovanje v
postopku ohranjanja informacij;
– zagotavlja delovni okvir, vključno s terminologijo in koncepti, za opisovanje in primerjanje
sestave ter operacij trenutnih in prihodnjih arhivov;
– zagotavlja delovni okvir za opisovanje in primerjanje različnih strategi
...