ISO 13824:2020
(Main)Bases for design of structures — General principles on risk assessment of systems involving structures
Bases for design of structures — General principles on risk assessment of systems involving structures
This document specifies general principles of risk assessment for systems involving structures. The focus is on strategic and operational decision-making related to design, assessment, maintenance and decommissioning of structures. This also includes formulation and calibration of related codes and standards. Systems involving structures can expose stakeholders at various levels in society to significant risks. The aim of this document is to facilitate and enhance decision-making with regard to monitoring, reducing and managing risks, and preparing for emergency in an efficient, cost-effective and transparent manner. Within the broader context of risk management, risk assessment provides decision-makers with procedures to determine whether or not, and in what manner, it is appropriate to treat risks. This document provides a general framework as well as a procedure for identifying hazards and estimating, evaluating and treating risks of structures and systems involving structures. This document also provides a basis for code writers as well as designers to set reasonable target-reliability levels, such as stated in ISO 2394, based on the result of risk considerations. For existing structures, it is intended that assessment of the risks associated with the events that were not considered in the original design or with changes in use be implemented according to the principles stated in this document. This document can also be used for risk assessment of exceptional structures upon specific adaptation and detailing, the design of which is not usually within the scope of existing codes.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13824
Second edition
2020-03
Bases for design of structures —
General principles on risk assessment
of systems involving structures
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Fundamentals of risk assessment of systems involving structures.4
5 Establishment of structural engineering context . 5
5.1 Structural engineering context . 5
5.2 Establishment of design basis . 5
5.3 Assessment of existing structures . 5
5.4 Assessment of exceptional structures or extraordinary events . 5
5.5 Providing support for decisions for other contexts . 5
6 Definition of the system . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Functions of the system . 6
6.3 Identification of the subsystems . 6
7 Identification of hazards and undesirable consequences . 6
7.1 Identification of possible hazards . 6
7.2 Identification of scenarios . 6
7.3 Identification of undesirable consequences . 6
7.4 Hazard screening . 7
7.4.1 General. 7
7.4.2 Hazard screening criteria . 7
8 Risk estimation . 7
8.1 Types of risk estimation . 7
8.1.1 General. 7
8.1.2 Qualitative estimation . 7
8.1.3 Semi-quantitative estimation. 8
8.1.4 Quantitative estimation . 8
8.2 Data for risk estimation . 8
8.2.1 Data collection . 8
8.2.2 Treatment and modelling of uncertainty . 8
8.3 Risk representation . 8
8.4 Estimation of probability . 9
8.4.1 General. 9
8.4.2 Probability of occurrence of hazard . 9
8.4.3 Probability of failure of structures . 9
8.5 Estimation of undesirable consequence . 9
8.6 Sensitivity and bounding analysis . 9
9 Risk evaluation .10
9.1 Risk criteria .10
9.2 Risk acceptance .11
10 Evaluation of options for risk treatment .11
10.1 General .11
10.2 Determination of options .12
10.2.1 General.12
10.2.2 Risk avoidance .12
10.2.3 Risk reduction .12
10.2.4 Risk sharing .12
10.2.5 Risk retention .12
10.2.6 Emergency preparedness .12
10.3 Assessment of options for risk treatment .12
10.4 Risk treatment .13
11 Documentation .13
Annex A (informative) General framework of risk management process for systems
involving structures .14
Annex B (informative) Principles in the implementation of risk assessment .19
Annex C (informative) Examples of extraordinary events and exceptional structures for
risk assessment .26
Annex D (informative) Techniques for treatment of expert opinions .28
Annex E (informative) Examples of quantitative risk representation .31
Annex F (informative) Formulae for risk estimation .35
Annex G (informative) Procedure for the estimation of consequences .39
Annex H (informative) Examples of measures for risk treatment .41
Annex I (informative) Examples of application of risk acceptance and optimization .44
Annex J (informative) Examples of risk estimation .50
Annex K (informative) Terrorism and malevolent events .55
Bibliography .60
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13824
Second edition
2020-03
Bases for design of structures —
General principles on risk assessment
of systems involving structures
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Fundamentals of risk assessment of systems involving structures.4
5 Establishment of structural engineering context . 5
5.1 Structural engineering context . 5
5.2 Establishment of design basis . 5
5.3 Assessment of existing structures . 5
5.4 Assessment of exceptional structures or extraordinary events . 5
5.5 Providing support for decisions for other contexts . 5
6 Definition of the system . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Functions of the system . 6
6.3 Identification of the subsystems . 6
7 Identification of hazards and undesirable consequences . 6
7.1 Identification of possible hazards . 6
7.2 Identification of scenarios . 6
7.3 Identification of undesirable consequences . 6
7.4 Hazard screening . 7
7.4.1 General. 7
7.4.2 Hazard screening criteria . 7
8 Risk estimation . 7
8.1 Types of risk estimation . 7
8.1.1 General. 7
8.1.2 Qualitative estimation . 7
8.1.3 Semi-quantitative estimation. 8
8.1.4 Quantitative estimation . 8
8.2 Data for risk estimation . 8
8.2.1 Data collection . 8
8.2.2 Treatment and modelling of uncertainty . 8
8.3 Risk representation . 8
8.4 Estimation of probability . 9
8.4.1 General. 9
8.4.2 Probability of occurrence of hazard . 9
8.4.3 Probability of failure of structures . 9
8.5 Estimation of undesirable consequence . 9
8.6 Sensitivity and bounding analysis . 9
9 Risk evaluation .10
9.1 Risk criteria .10
9.2 Risk acceptance .11
10 Evaluation of options for risk treatment .11
10.1 General .11
10.2 Determination of options .12
10.2.1 General.12
10.2.2 Risk avoidance .12
10.2.3 Risk reduction .12
10.2.4 Risk sharing .12
10.2.5 Risk retention .12
10.2.6 Emergency preparedness .12
10.3 Assessment of options for risk treatment .12
10.4 Risk treatment .13
11 Documentation .13
Annex A (informative) General framework of risk management process for systems
involving structures .14
Annex B (informative) Principles in the implementation of risk assessment .19
Annex C (informative) Examples of extraordinary events and exceptional structures for
risk assessment .26
Annex D (informative) Techniques for treatment of expert opinions .28
Annex E (informative) Examples of quantitative risk representation .31
Annex F (informative) Formulae for risk estimation .35
Annex G (informative) Procedure for the estimation of consequences .39
Annex H (informative) Examples of measures for risk treatment .41
Annex I (informative) Examples of application of risk acceptance and optimization .44
Annex J (informative) Examples of risk estimation .50
Annex K (informative) Terrorism and malevolent events .55
Bibliography .60
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of may be the subject of patent rights.
ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
...
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