ISO 12219-1:2021

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12219-1
Second edition
2021-08
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber —
Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1: Enceinte d'essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et
méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d'automobiles
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Apparatus and materials. 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Heating radiator . 3
4.3 Sampling trains . 4
4.3.1 Sampling in the test vehicle . 4
4.3.2 Sampling in the whole vehicle test chamber . 4
4.3.3 Sampling line . 4
4.4 Analytical equipment and materials . 5
4.5 Test vehicle . 5
5 Principle . 5
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measurement
procedures . 6
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber . 6
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle . 7
6.2.1 General. 7
6.2.2 Restricting influencing factors . 8
6.2.3 Requirements for sampling train set up . 8
6.2.4 Temperature and ventilation. 9
6.3 Requirements for VOC and carbonyl compound air sampling and measurement methods 9
6.4 Blank measurements .10
6.4.1 Field blanks .10
6.4.2 Analytical blanks .10
7 Standard test procedure .11
7.1 General .11
7.2 Preparation of the test chamber, vehicle and field blanks .11
7.2.1 Pre-arrangements .11
7.2.2 Preconditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber .11
7.2.3 Preconditioning of the test vehicle .11
7.2.4 Field blanks .11
7.3 Detailed description of the test procedure .12
7.3.1 Ambient mode .12
7.3.2 Parking mode .12
7.3.3 Driving mode .13
8 Results .13
9 Performance characteristics .13
10 Quality assurance/quality control .14
Annex A (informative) Whole vehicle test chamber .15
Annex B (informative) Temperature measuring points for parking mode .16
Annex C (informative) Test report .17
Annex D (normative) Overview of the number of samples to be taken .28
Bibliography .29
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6,
Indoor air.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12219-1:2012), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Adaption of temperatures, number of samples to be taken and the pre-conditioning and measuring
times to be consistent with the UN mutual resolution concerning the common definitions of vehicle
categories, masses and dimensions.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12219 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely used in industry and can be emitted by many everyday
products and materials. They have attracted attention in recent years because of their impact on indoor
air quality. After homes and workplaces, people spend a lot of time in their vehicles. It is important to
determine the material emissions of interior parts and to reduce them to an acceptable level, if required.
Therefore, it is necessary to obtain comprehensive and reliable information about the types of organic
compounds in the interior air of vehicles and also their concentrations.
This document outlines a method of measuring the types and levels of VOCs in vehicle cabin air under
controlled conditions. It describes requirements for a whole vehicle test chamber and a test protocol.
Measurements are carried out according to ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) and ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds).
There are several national test methods available for measuring in-vehicle air quality, e.g. References [2]
[4]. However, this document requires a fixed heating radiation system whereas the methods of
References [2][3] define a fixed temperature programme.
Before setting a fixed radiation density for heating the test vehicle, several validation measurements
were performed (Reference [1]).
[6] [7] [8] [9]
ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-6, ISO 16000-9, ISO 16000-10, ISO 16000-11,
[10] [11] [12]
ISO 16000-24, ISO 16000-25, as well as ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2 also focus on volatile
organic compound (VOC) measurements.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12219-1:2021(E)
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method
for the determination of volatile organic compounds in
cabin interiors
1 Scope
This document specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly and the operating
conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl compounds in
vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl compounds)
during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C - 25 °C with
no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking
mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been
parked in the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun
irradiation, a fixed irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed.
The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range
of sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles
specified in this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed.
®1)
Compatible compounds are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA sorbent
tubes described in ISO 16000-6, which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C to n-C .
6 16
The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed
by collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent
analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption.
Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration
3 3
range 1 µg/m to 1 mg/m .
The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ECE-TRANS-WP.29/1045.
This document gives guidelines for:
a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test;
b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole
vehicle test chamber;
c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements;
d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode);
e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode);
f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode).
1) Tenax TA® is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of
users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products
may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor
air and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ECE-TRANS-WP.29/1045, Special resolution No 1, Concerning the common definitions of vehicle categories,
masses and dimensions (S.R. 1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
background concentration
substance concentrations in the whole vehicle test chamber when the test vehicle is inside
3.2
test vehicle
new category 1-1 vehicle (3.12), not older than 28 d ± 5 d after the production date (3.13) to be tested.
Note 1 to entry: Excludes busses used for public transport and trucks only used for the transport of goods
3.3
total volatile organic compounds
TVOCs
®1)
sum of volatile organic compounds sampled on Tenax TA and eluting between and including n-hexane
and n-hexadecane, detected with a flame ionization detector (TVOC ) or mass spectrometric detector
FID
(TVOC ) and quantified converting the total area of the chromatogram in that analytical window to
MS
toluene equivalents
3.4
carbonyl compound
compound containing the functional group -C(=) determined according to specified procedure
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document. The procedure is that specified in ISO 16000-3.
3.5
ambient mode
mode in which sampling of substances in the interior air of a test vehicle under standardized ambient
temperature conditions is performed, defined by 23 °C - 25 °C, as close as possible to 25 °C
3.6
parking mode
mode in which sampling of substances in the interior air of a test vehicle under elevated temperatures
resulting from defined external heat radiation is performed
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

3.7
driving mode
mode in which sampling of substances in the interior air of a test vehicle, under standardized conditions
starting at elevated temperatures and with the engine on using air conditioning
Note 1 to entry: Driving is simulated with an idle test procedure of a vehicle driven after being parked in the sun
3.8
breathing zone
semi-sphere area with 50 cm radius in front of the drivers face
3.9
sampling train
apparatus to collect the air sample inside the test vehicle cabin from the breathing zone and to collect
the air sample from in the whole vehicle test chamber, trapping the test substances in sorbent tubes
under standardized conditions
3.10
volatile organic compound (VOC)
volatile organic compound, ranging in volatility from n-C to n-C
6 16
EXAMPLE Benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and styrene.
3.11
production date
date a new vehicle leaves the production line
3.12
category 1 vehicle
power-driven vehicle with four or more wheels designed and constructed primarily for the carriage of
(a) person(s)
3.13
category 1-1 vehicle
category 1 vehicle (3.12) comprising not more than eight seating positions in addition to the driver's
seating position
Note 1 to entry: A category 1-1 vehicle cannot have standing passengers.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 General
The whole vehicle test chamber is big enough to house the test vehicle completely. An air-conditioning
system is installed to allow standardized air conditions for a temperature of 23 °C - 25 °C and for a
humidity of 50 % RH ± 10 % RH. A solar radiator system is installed to heat the test vehicle cabin with a
fixed irradiation. The resulting temperature inside the cabin depends on the insulation and the window
glass material (the minimum requirements are specified in 6.1) (see also Figure 1).
4.2 Heating radiator
Infrared radiator, halogen radiator or other radiators (simulating sunlight) (wavelengths < 300 nm
shall be filtered out). The heating radiators used shall be powered to create a radiation density at the
reference measurement point in the middle of the roof surface of the test vehicle of 350 W/m to 450 W/
2 2 2
m (400 W/m ± 50 W/m ).
The heating area shall cover at least the area of the test vehicle cabin and an additional 0,5 m more to
each side of the lower part of the glazing (footprint) (see Figure 1). Position the heating radiators on the
roof with a shining angle of 90° to the heating area. There shall be no heating radiators shining from the
side. The heating area shall be calibrated in squares of 25 cm × 25 cm with a radiation density of 400 W/
2 2
m ± 50 W/m . The required radiation density shall be available directly after the lamps are switched
on (within a few minutes).
The irradiation shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9060.
Take care not to have too short a distance between radiator and surface in order to avoid hot spots.
4.3 Sampling trains
4.3.1 Sampling in the test vehicle
Four sampling trains are employed: two for the VOC measurements in parallel and two for the carbonyl
compound measurements in parallel in the test vehicle (to check the repeatability) (see ISO 16000-3
for carbonyl compounds and ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16017-1 for VOCs). There is one sampling line with a
manifold for the division of the sampling flow outside the test vehicle (see 4.3.3). It consists of the probe,
the sampling line (heated, if necessary), the sorbent tube for VOC or the DNPH cartridge for carbonyl
compound sampling respectively, the gas meters and the pumps (see 4.5).
Prior to sampling, the sampling system shall be checked under sampling load conditions for air
tightness. Do not skip this critical step because leaks have a high impact on the test results due to the
large backpressure of the tubes and cartridges. To check for leaks, plug the inlet to the sample system.
Then use a vacuum pump to bring the sampling system to 71 kPa vacuum, then close a valve between
the sample system and the pump. After 30 seconds, the sample system vacuum shall be greater than
68 kPa to proceed. Do not change the sample trains in any way after the leak check procedure is
performed. Other equivalent leak checks can be performed.
4.3.2 Sampling in the whole vehicle test chamber
Four sampling trains are used to determine the background concentration in the whole vehicle test
chamber. The sampling trains are identical to those of 4.3.1, apart from the sampling line, which is much
shorter and not heated.
All sampling trains shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average of 10 s. The
nozzle is plugged for the leak check. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
4.3.3 Sampling line
Tubing, between the sampling point (probe) inside the test vehicle, via the manifold outside the test
vehicle to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges respectively (see Figure 1).
The sampling line shall be constructed so as to be:
a) as short as possible (maximum 5 m) with an internal diameter of 4 mm or more;
b) of inert, non-emitting and non-absorbing/non-adsorbing material [e.g. stainless steel or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass/quartz (deactivated)];
c) proven that there are no contaminations or sink effects in the sampling line;
d) with heating device, if necessary, to prevent condensation/deposition on the inner walls (best
practice: temperature controlled to about 20 °C above air temperature inside the test vehicle).
The tubing should be inserted between the door and the door frame or between the door frame and the
glazing and should be sufficiently non-compressible to ensure an unimpeded flow of air.
The second sampling line [tubing, between the sampling point (probe) in the whole vehicle test chamber
in the vicinity of the test vehicle [see 6.1 a)] and the manifold and to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH
cartridges, respectively] is identical to that described in the preceding, but no heating is necessary. This
second sampling line is needed to monitor the background analyte concentration of the whole vehicle
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

test chamber. This measurement is taken after the 24 h temperature acclimation phase and just prior to
opening the vehicle doors for the VOC conditioning phase.
4.4 Analytical equipment and materials
The analytical equipment used for the determination of VOCs and carbonyl compounds or formaldehyde
alone shall be in accordance with ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) or ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds),
respectively.
It shall be proven for the VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges that there is no breakthrough.
This can be identified by a back-up sorbent tube which is analysed separately (see ISO 16017-1).
4.5 Test vehicle
A new vehicle to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test
data are dependent on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test vehicle. The colour of the
test vehicles for the determination of the official VOC and carbonyl compound emissions is black. If
there is no black test vehicle available, take the darkest colour.
All manual glazing shades shall remain open.
The test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions preventing direct solar heating,
otherwise the vehicle shall be conditioned after arrival overnight with open doors and windows before
it is transferred into the whole vehicle test chamber. No transport waxes for protection should be used.
All transport foils or transit lacquers shall be removed at least 24 h before the test.
To establish quality control, it is recommended to measure several vehicles and take multiple air
samples of one vehicle for one result. Therefore, it was decided because of cost reasons that measuring
one vehicle and taking just one sample of VOC and one sample of aldehydes are sufficient for one result.
However, general quality measures shall not be neglected and should be periodically assessed.
5 Principle
A whole vehicle test chamber (see Annex A for an example) reserved for this purpose is assembled.
The air in the test vehicle cabin is measured according to a uniform standardized programme (see
Figure 1). Sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds is performed for the ambient mode at 23 °C -
25 °C, as close as possible to 25 °C. Subsequently, formaldehyde is determined alone under elevated
temperature conditions in the parking mode (see Table 1). Sunshine is simulated by the use of heating
radiators providing a mean fixed irradiation for 4,5 h, after which a third sample is taken in the driving
mode.
The humidity and temperature of the air inside the whole vehicle test chamber are measured. The
VOC and carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the driver breathing zone and collected on
VOC sorbent tubes and DNPH cartridges. Substances to be measured are: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, and acrolein.
Later the samples shall be analysed in the laboratory according to ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16000-3,
respectively.
Furthermore, VOC and carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the whole vehicle test chamber
to determine the background concentrations. The sampling trains are identical to those of 4.3, but
the sampling line is shorter and not heated. Altogether a minimum of 24 samples are required (see
Annex D).
The temperature resulting from use of the heating radiators inside the test vehicle cabin depends upon
the model of the test vehicle and is influenced by the insulation, the window material, etc.
The analytical part of the overall measurement procedure is based on the use of sorbent tubes
with subsequent thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis for VOCs (according to
ISO 16000-6) and the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for the determination of
®1)
carbonyl compounds (according to ISO 16000-3). The sampling of VOCs is referenced to Tenax TA
sorbent tubes; however, other equivalent sorbents may be used if they produce the same results (see
ISO 16000-6).
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and
measurement procedures
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber
The whole vehicle test chamber with the following requirements is assembled as shown in Figure 1.
The following requirements shall be met.
The whole vehicle test chamber shall be large enough to accommodate the complete test vehicle. It
should include a heating, cooling, humidity, ventilation, and filter system for the air and solar lights if
necessary.
NOTE An air filter system can be used to keep the whole vehicle test chamber clean.
a) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 23 °C -25 °C. The
sampling point for the background concentrations in the whole test chamber shall be more than
1 m from the side of the test vehicle and at the height of the lower window frame of the front door.
b) The temperature profile shall be in accordance with Table 1.
c) Relative humidity (RH) during the ambient mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be
50 % RH ± 10 % RH.
d) Relative humidity RH during the parking and driving mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall
be documented.
e) The maximum background concentration for each analyte shall not exceed 20 µg/m for each
single component and 200 µg/m for TVOCs or a maximum of 10 % of the respective measured
values (whichever is less). If this is not met, the source of the contamination shall be identified and
removed or covered to exclude it from the test.
f) Two duplicate VOCs and two duplicate carbonyl compound background samples (one during
ambient mode and one during driving mode) as well as one duplicate formaldehyde background
sample (parking mode) are required.
g) The VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges for the VOC and carbonyl compound sampling in
the test vehicle as well as the pumps and the other sampling devices are positioned in the whole
vehicle test chamber.
h) The air exchange rate of the whole vehicle test chamber during the driving mode should be a
minimum of twice per hour.
i) The heating radiators are fixed above the test vehicle overlapping the footprint of the cabin of
the test vehicle by 0,5 m to each side with an irradiation density on the roof surface of 400 W/
2 2
m ± 50 W/m .
j) Optional trolley or table to carry sampling devices.
k) Various measuring instruments and data recording systems for continuous recording of signals
measured (e.g. for temperature and humidity measurements).
l) Door for the entry and exit of the test vehicle.
m) A hydrocarbon air warning system should be installed (option) to avoid explosive workplace
atmospheres; the workplace regulations shall be followed.
6 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

n) A pipe is fixed at the exhaust pipe liner of the test vehicle to remove the waste gas outdoors.
o) Care shall be taken to ensure that sampling train components remain at or near ambient
temperature and are protected from the direct effects of the heating radiators of the whole vehicle
test chamber.
Key
1 test vehicle
2 vehicle sampling point location
3 chamber sampling point location, 1 m from vehicle, 1 m from floor
4 chamber temperature measurement location
5 chamber humidity measurement location
6 mass flow sample system
7 background sample, 2 tubes and 2 cartridges, one is a backup
8 field blank
9 solar load area, uniform area extending 0,5 m beyond glass of vehicle
10 solar load measurement location, top centre of roof
11 exhaust dust
Figure 1 — Schematic representation of a whole vehicle test chamber
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle
6.2.1 General
A new vehicle to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The
selection of vehicles should be based on a worst-case interior to minimize testing costs. Vehicles with
dark exterior and preferably black or dark interior colour are recommended for elevated temperature
modes. The test data depends on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test car. A detailed
specification of the trim level of the test vehicle shall be included in the test report. Any deviation from
that specified for the ideal situation shall be noted and the effect of any deviation from the test results
shall be explained and reported.
The test for a new test vehicle shall be carried out within 28 d ± 5 d after completion of assembly. The
vehicle shall be driven less than 80 km. The test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions
with no direct heating such as in the shadow or sales rooms which are described in 4.5. It should also be
ensured, that no external off-gassing materials will be transported in the same cargo area. All transport
foils or transit lacquers shall be removed carefully, at least 24 hours before measurement.
6.2.2 Restricting influencing factors
a) All windows and doors should remain closed. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
(HVAC) outlets should remain closed to avoid contamination.
b) Influence of the driver shall be as low as possible. The vehicle driver and handlers shall avoid the
following: smoking, eating, transportation of external items, and no perfume inside or near the test
vehicle.
c) Workers should carefully deal with the vehicle to prevent contamination.
d) Do not use any cleaning agent to remove any residues. Dust wiping, vacuuming, and cleaning with
clear water is possible. Clear water cleaning from outside is possible.
e) No extra fuelling, only the first fuel at production shall be within the fuelling system.
f) Storage shall be for 24 h of soak time before measurement nearby the test facility. Control the soak
storage temperature as close as possible to room temperature between 20 and 30 °C.
g) Pipe the vehicle exhaust emissions outdoors and away from any air inlets to the test chamber.
6.2.3 Requirements for sampling train set up
The sampling line (with the probe at one end) for the VOC and carbonyl compound measurements is
installed according to Figures 1 and 2. The sampling line is connected with a manifold situated outside
the test vehicle. The manifold is connected to four sampling trains which are used to perform the
following consecutive measurements:
a) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the ambient mode at 23–25 °C [two VOC measurements
(duplicate) and two carbonyl compound measurements (duplicate)],
b) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the parking mode at elevated temperatures [two
formaldehyde measurements (duplicate); only two sampling trains are needed],
c) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the driving mode [two VOC measurements (duplicate) and
two carbonyl compound measurements (duplicate)].
The sampling line should be flushed with acetone and dried before each new sampling series with the
next test vehicle to avoid contaminations in the sampling line and to avoid memory effects.
The sampling probe of the sampling trains shall be positioned in the breathing zone of the driver (50 cm
from the top of steering wheel in line with the bottom of the headrest). To this end, position the seat as
far back as possible and as low as possible and move the steering wheel back to the highest possible
position (see Figure 2).
8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

Key
1 vehicle sampling point location, 50 cm from top of steering wheel to bottom of headrest
2 steering wheel, in up and in most position
3 headrest in lowest position
4 seat in rearmost and lowest position with seatback at about 90° from seat bottom
Figure 2 — Schematic representation of the sampling position inside the vehicle
6.2.4 Temperature and ventilation
a) The sensors and cables for the temperature measurements (optional features) are installed
according to Annex B.
b) Set the air conditioner during the driving mode (as defined in 7.3.3.1) in which sampling of VOCs
and carbonyl compounds is undertaken in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized conditions
starting at elevated temperatures, to simulate a vehicle driven after being parked in the sun, with
engine and air conditioning (auto) on.
c) Set the air conditioner of the test vehicle in accordance with Table 1
d) If no automatic air-conditioning system is available, run the driving mode test with the ventilation
set to its highest position, (air) recirculation off, and radiators on, according to Table 1.
6.3 Requirements for VOC and carbonyl compound air sampling and measurement
methods
For VOC and carbonyl compound sampling and measurement of the air in the cabin of the test vehicle
and in the whole vehicle test chamber, the following procedures shall be followed [see also 6.1, g)]:
a) carbonyl compounds including formaldehyde: ISO 16000-3;
b) VOCs: ISO 16000-6.
Alternative VOC measurement methods may be used if the method is proven to be equivalent to
ISO 16000-3 or ISO 16000-6.
Table 1 — Test schedule
Preparation
Modes Ambient mode Parking mode Driving mode
mode
Supplementary Temperature Sample VOC precon- Soak Sample Soak Sample Sample
phases precondition dition
a
Duration 24 h 30 min 30 min to 16 h ± 1 h 30 min 4 h 30 min 30 min
60 min
Start time 25:00 - 41:00 -
0:00 24:00 24:30 41:30 45:30 46:00
(hh:mm) 25:30 42:00
Chamber tem- 20 °C to 23,0 °C to 25,0 °C, as close as possible to
perature 30 °C 25,0 °C As close as possible to 25 °C
Chamber hu-
midity 50 % RH ± 10 % RH As close as possible to 50 % RH
2 2
Solar load OFF 400 W/m ± 50 W/m
Vehicle age 28 ± 5 days and less than 80 km
Vehicle doors CLOSED OPEN CLOSED OPEN <1 min
Vehicle windows CLOSED
Vehicle engine OFF ON
Vehicle climate
settings auto or Auto or face
manual systems OFF mode
Air conditioning OFF ON
Fan OFF Auto or High
23 °C or lowest
Temperature
but not MAX
setting
OFF AC
Air inlet posi-
tion OPEN Auto
Outlet vents and
position Fully OPEN and Upright
a
This is a chamber blank sampling.
6.4 Blank measurements
6.4.1 Field blanks
The sorbent tubes used as field blanks (for VOC and carbonyl compounds) shall be from the same
batch and treated in the same way as those used for sampling and analysis (including all devices and
handlings), except that no gas is drawn through the sampling trains (see 7.2.4). Never remove the caps
of the field blanks.
A field blank procedure shall be performed at least before each measurement series (series of
consecutive measurements of several vehicles).
The field blank shall not be deducted from the measured value.
All field blanks shall be reported with the corresponding measured values.
6.4.2 Analytical blanks
The requirements for analytical and GC–MS blanks are specified in ISO 16000-3 and ISO 16000-6.
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7 Standard test procedure
7.1 General
The standard test procedure is divided into three parts:
a) conditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber;
b) conditioning of the test vehicle;
c) performing sampling and analytical measurements.
7.2 Preparation of the test chamber, vehicle and field blanks
7.2.1 Pre-arrangements
Connect the test apparatus with the test vehicle. Attach the cables and sampling lines to the door frame
so that, when the doors are closed, there is a (nearly) airtight sealing. Furthermore, the sampling line
for VOC and carbonyl compound sampling shall be installed in the test vehicle. The probe is positioned
as specified in 6.2.3.
Connect the sampling line with the manifold and the manifold with the sampling trains for VOC and
carbonyl compound measurements outside the test vehicle.
Connect the test apparatus within the whole vehicle test chamber.
Install the heating radiators and the other installations listed in 6.1.
7.2.2 Preconditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber
Adjust the temperature of the whole vehicle test chamber to 23 °C - 25 °C, as close as possible to 25 °C
during the ambient mode test. There may be the need for a heating or cooling device. The humidity shall
be 50 % RH ± 10 % RH in the ambient mode.
The whole vehicle test chamber should be under good ventilation, and the air exchange rate should
be twice per hour or higher. The interior materials of the whole vehicle test chamber shall have no
appreciable emissions regarding the indoor air inside the test vehicle (see 6.1 and 6.4 background
concentrations).
The heating of the interior of the cabin and the surfaces of the test vehicle is performed by heating
radiators from outside the test vehicle during the driving mode.
7.2.3 Preconditioning of the test vehicle
The essential conditions for the surroundings are as followed.
The temperature during the ambient mode is adjusted to 23 °C - 25 °C, as close as possible to 25 °C via
the whole test chamber conditioning system (see Table 1). The preconditioning is started by opening
the door for 30 min to 60 min. After this, the door is closed for 16 h ± 1 h soak time (see Table 1).
7.2.4 Field blanks
®1)
Prepare the field blanks before the measurements are started (see 6.4.1). Install one Tenax TA
sorbent tube for VOCs and one DNPH cartridge for carbonyl compounds in the sampling trains to
®1)
measure the background concentration of the whole vehicle test chamber as well as one Tenax TA
sorbent tube and one DNPH cartridge in the sampling trains to measure the background concentration
of the test vehicle. The field blank samplers shall be handled in the same way as those used for VOC or
carbonyl compound measurements, but without drawing air through the sampling trains. As soon as
the samplers have been connected into the sample train, they shall be removed, sealed and retained for
analysis with the real samples.
Perform at least one field blank for each measurement series. Analytical GC–MS or HPLC blanks shall be
performed according to ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16000-3.
7.3 Detailed description of the test procedure
7.3.1 Ambient mode
7.3.1.1 Preconditioning
After the conditions of the whole test chamber have been set at 23 °C - 25 °C, as close as possible to
25 °C and 50 % RH ± 10 % RH and the air exchange rate in the test chamber has been adjusted to a
recommended value of at least twice per hour (see 7.2.2), the test procedure is started.
At this time turn on the sampling trains in the whole vehicle test chamber to determine the VOCs
and carbonyl compounds background concentrations by using two VOC sorbent tubes and two DNPH
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