ISO/IEC 13249-3:2011

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13249-3
Fourth edition
2011-04-15
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL multimedia and
application packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
Technologies de l'information — Langages de bases de données —
Multimédia SQL et paquetages d'application —
Partie 3: Spatial
Reference number
ISO/IEC FDIS 13249-3:2011(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2011
ISO/IEC FDIS 13249-3:2011(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2011
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ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .xii
Introduction.xiii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions, notations, and conventions .1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.1.1 Terms and definitions provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1.1
3.1.2 Terms and definitions provided in this part of ISO/IEC 13249 .1
3.1.3 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19107 .7
3.1.4 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19111 .8
3.2 Notations .8
3.2.1 Notations provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1.8
3.2.2 Notations provided in this part of ISO/IEC 13249 .8
3.3 Conventions.9
4 Concepts .10
4.1 Concepts provided in Part 1.10
4.2 Geometry Types .10
4.2.1 ST_Geometry .10
4.2.2 Spatial Relationships using ST_Geometry.17
4.2.3 ST_Point .22
4.2.4 ST_Curve.22
4.2.5 ST_LineString .23
4.2.6 ST_CircularString.23
4.2.7 ST_CompoundCurve.24
4.2.8 ST_Surface.25
4.2.9 ST_CurvePolygon.25
4.2.10 ST_Polygon.26
4.2.11 ST_Triangle .27
4.2.12 ST_PolyhdrlSurface .27
4.2.13 ST_TIN .28
4.2.14 ST_GeomCollection .28
4.2.15 ST_MultiPoint.29
4.2.16 ST_MultiCurve .29
4.2.17 ST_MultiLineString.30
4.2.18 ST_MultiSurface .30
4.2.19 ST_MultiPolygon .31
4.3 Topology-Geometry .32
4.3.1 .ST_NODE .32
4.3.2 .ST_EDGE.33
4.3.3 .ST_FACE .35
4.4 Topology-Network.38
4.4.1 .ST_NODE.38
4.4.2 .ST_LINK.38
4.5 General Routines.41
4.5.1 ST_ShortestUndPath Function .41
4.5.2 ST_ShortestDirPath Function .41
4.6 Spatial Reference System Type .42
4.6.1 ST_SpatialRefSys.42
4.7 Angle and Direction Types .42
4.7.1 ST_Angle .42
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved iii

4.7.2 ST_Direction. 43
4.8 Support Types. 44
4.8.1 ST_TINElement. 44
4.9 Support Routines. 45
4.9.1 ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines . 45
4.10 Tables with columns using geometry types . 46
4.11 The Spatial Information Schema. 46
5 Geometry Types. 47
5.1 ST_Geometry Type and Routines . 47
5.1.1 ST_Geometry Type . 47
5.1.2 ST_Dimension Method . 59
5.1.3 ST_CoordDim Method . 60
5.1.4 ST_GeometryType Method . 61
5.1.5 ST_SRID Methods. 63
5.1.6 ST_Transform Method. 64
5.1.7 ST_IsEmpty Method. 65
5.1.8 ST_IsSimple Method. 66
5.1.9 ST_3DIsSimple Method . 67
5.1.10 ST_IsValid Method. 68
5.1.11 ST_Is3D Method. 69
5.1.12 ST_IsMeasured Method. 70
5.1.13 ST_LocateAlong Method. 71
5.1.14 ST_3DLocateAlong Method. 72
5.1.15 ST_LocateBetween Method. 73
5.1.16 ST_3DLocateBetween Method . 75
5.1.17 ST_Boundary Method. 77
5.1.18 ST_3DBoundary Method . 78
5.1.19 ST_Envelope Method . 79
5.1.20 ST_ConvexHull Method. 80
5.1.21 ST_Buffer Methods. 81
5.1.22 ST_Intersection Method . 83
5.1.23 ST_3DIntersection Method . 84
5.1.24 ST_Union Method . 85
5.1.25 ST_3DUnion Method. 86
5.1.26 ST_Difference Method. 87
5.1.27 ST_3DDifference Method . 88
5.1.28 ST_SymDifference Method . 89
5.1.29 ST_3DSymDifference Method. 90
5.1.30 Return Types from ST_Intersection, ST_Union, ST_Difference, and ST_SymDifference. 91
5.1.31 Return Types from ST_3DIntersection, ST_3DUnion, ST_3DDifference, and
ST_3DSymDifference. 94
5.1.32 ST_Distance Methods . 95
5.1.33 ST_3DDistance Methods. 97
5.1.34 ST_Equals Method. 99
5.1.35 ST_3DEquals Method . 100
5.1.36 ST_Relate Method. 101
5.1.37 ST_Disjoint Method . 105
5.1.38 ST_3DDisjoint Method. 106
5.1.39 ST_Intersects Method . 107
5.1.40 ST_3DIntersects Method. 108
5.1.41 ST_Touches Method. 109
5.1.42 ST_Crosses Method . 110
5.1.43 ST_Within Method. 111
5.1.44 ST_Contains Method . 112
5.1.45 ST_Overlaps Method . 113
5.1.46 Cast . 114
5.1.47 ST_WKTToSQL Method . 126
5.1.48 ST_AsText Method. 127
5.1.49 ST_WKBToSQL Method . 128
iv © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

5.1.50 ST_AsBinary Method .129
5.1.51 ST_GMLToSQL Method .130
5.1.52 ST_AsGML Method.132
5.1.53 ST_GeomFromText Functions .133
5.1.54 ST_GeomFromWKB Functions.134
5.1.55 ST_GeomFromGML Functions .135
5.1.56 ST_Geometry Ordering Definition .137
5.1.57 SQL Transform Functions .138
5.1.58 .139
5.1.59 .151
6 Point Types .182
6.1 ST_Point Type and Routines.182
6.1.1 ST_Point Type.182
6.1.2 ST_Point Methods .187
6.1.3 ST_X Methods.194
6.1.4 ST_Y Methods.195
6.1.5 ST_Z Methods .196
6.1.6 ST_M Methods .197
6.1.7 ST_ExplicitPoint Method .198
6.1.8 ST_PointFromText Functions .199
6.1.9 ST_PointFromWKB Functions .200
6.1.10 ST_PointFromGML Functions.201
7 Curve Types .202
7.1 ST_Curve Type and Routines .202
7.1.1 ST_Curve Type .202
7.1.2 ST_Length Methods .205
7.1.3 ST_3DLength Methods.207
7.1.4 ST_StartPoint Method.209
7.1.5 ST_EndPoint Method .210
7.1.6 ST_IsClosed Method .211
7.1.7 ST_3DIsClosed Method.212
7.1.8 ST_IsRing Method .213
7.1.9 ST_3DIsRing Method.214
7.1.10 ST_CurveToLine Method .215
7.2 ST_LineString Type and Routines.216
7.2.1 ST_LineString Type.216
7.2.2 ST_LineString Methods .219
7.2.3 ST_Points Methods .221
7.2.4 ST_NumPoints Method .223
7.2.5 ST_PointN Method.224
7.2.6 ST_StartPoint Method.225
7.2.7 ST_EndPoint Method .226
7.2.8 ST_LineFromText Functions.227
7.2.9 ST_LineFromWKB Functions.228
7.2.10 ST_LineFromGML Functions .229
7.3 ST_CircularString Type and Routines.230
7.3.1 ST_CircularString Type .230
7.3.2 ST_CircularString Methods .234
7.3.3 ST_Points Methods .236
7.3.4 ST_NumPoints Method .238
7.3.5 ST_PointN Method.239
7.3.6 ST_MidPointRep Method .240
7.3.7 ST_StartPoint Method.241
7.3.8 ST_EndPoint Method .242
7.3.9 ST_CircularFromTxt Functions.243
7.3.10 ST_CircularFromWKB Functions .244
7.3.11 ST_CircularFromGML Functions.245
7.4 ST_CompoundCurve Type and Routines .246
7.4.1 ST_CompoundCurve Type .246
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved v

7.4.2 ST_CompoundCurve Methods . 250
7.4.3 ST_Curves Methods . 253
7.4.4 ST_NumCurves Method . 255
7.4.5 ST_CurveN Method. 256
7.4.6 ST_StartPoint Method . 257
7.4.7 ST_EndPoint Method. 258
7.4.8 ST_CompoundFromTxt Functions. 259
7.4.9 ST_CompoundFromWKB Functions . 260
7.4.10 ST_CompoundFromGML Functions. 261
8 Surface Types . 262
8.1 ST_Surface Type and Routines. 262
8.1.1 ST_Surface Type. 262
8.1.2 ST_Area Methods. 265
8.1.3 ST_3DArea Methods. 267
8.1.4 ST_Perimeter Methods. 269
8.1.5 ST_3DPerimeter Methods . 271
8.1.6 ST_Centroid Method. 273
8.1.7 ST_3DCentroid Method . 274
8.1.8 ST_PointOnSurface Method . 275
8.1.9 ST_3DPointOnSurf Method. 276
8.1.10 ST_IsWorld Method . 277
8.2 ST_CurvePolygon Type and Routines . 278
8.2.1 ST_CurvePolygon Type . 278
8.2.2 ST_CurvePolygon Methods . 282
8.2.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods. 285
8.2.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods . 287
8.2.5 ST_NumInteriorRing Method. 290
8.2.6 ST_InteriorRingN Method . 291
8.2.7 ST_CurvePolyToPoly Method. 292
8.2.8 ST_CPolyFromText Functions . 293
8.2.9 ST_CPolyFromWKB Functions . 294
8.2.10 ST_CPolyFromGML Functions. 295
8.3 ST_Polygon Type and Routines. 296
8.3.1 ST_Polygon Type. 296
8.3.2 ST_Polygon Methods . 299
8.3.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods. 302
8.3.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods . 303
8.3.5 ST_InteriorRingN Method . 305
8.3.6 ST_PolyFromText Functions. 306
8.3.7 ST_PolyFromWKB Functions. 307
8.3.8 ST_PolyFromGML Functions . 308
8.3.9 ST_BdPolyFromText Functions . 309
8.3.10 ST_BdPolyFromWKB Functions. 311
8.4 ST_Triangle Type and Routines. 313
8.4.1 ST_Triangle Type. 313
8.4.2 ST_Triangle Methods . 317
8.4.3 ST_Points Methods. 321
8.4.4 ST_3DSlope Method . 322
8.4.5 ST_ExteriorRing Methods. 323
8.4.6 ST_InteriorRings Methods . 324
8.4.7 ST_InteriorRingN Method . 325
8.4.8 ST_TriFromText Functions . 326
8.4.9 ST_TriFromWKB Functions. 327
8.4.10 ST_TriFromGML Functions . 328
8.5 ST_PolyhdrlSurface Type and Routines . 329
8.5.1 ST_PolyhdrlSurface Type . 329
8.5.2 ST_PolyhdrlSurface Methods. 333
8.5.3 ST_Patches Methods. 336
8.5.4 ST_NumPatches Method. 339
vi © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

8.5.5 ST_PatchN Method.340
8.5.6 ST_PhSFromText Functions .341
8.5.7 ST_PhSFromWKB Functions .342
8.5.8 ST_PhSFromGML Functions.343
8.6 ST_TIN Type and Routines.344
8.6.1 ST_TIN Type.344
8.6.2 ST_TIN Methods .349
8.6.3 ST_TINElements Methods .353
8.6.4 ST_MaxSideLength Methods .355
8.6.5 ST_TINTable Methods.357
8.6.6 ST_Clip Method .373
8.6.7 ST_Patches Methods .374
8.6.8 ST_TINFromText Functions .375
8.6.9 ST_TINFromWKB Functions .376
8.6.10 ST_TINFromGML Functions.377
9 Geometry Collection Types.378
9.1 ST_GeomCollection Type and Routines.378
9.1.1 ST_GeomCollection Type.378
9.1.2 ST_GeomCollection Methods .382
9.1.3 ST_Geometries Methods .385
9.1.4 ST_NumGeometries Method .387
9.1.5 ST_GeometryN Method.388
9.1.6 ST_GeomCollFromTxt Functions .389
9.1.7 ST_GeomCollFromWKB Functions.390
9.1.8 ST_GeomCollFromGML Functions.391
9.2 ST_MultiPoint Type and Routines .392
9.2.1 ST_MultiPoint Type .392
9.2.2 ST_MultiPoint Methods.395
9.2.3 ST_Geometries Methods .397
9.2.4 ST_MPointFromText Functions .399
9.2.5 ST_MPointFromWKB Functions.400
9.2.6 ST_MPointFromGML Functions.401
9.3 ST_MultiCurve Type and Routines.402
9.3.1 ST_MultiCurve Type.402
9.3.2 ST_MultiCurve Methods.406
9.3.3 ST_IsClosed Method .408
9.3.4 ST_3DIsClosed Method.409
9.3.5 ST_Length Methods .410
9.3.6 ST_3DLength Methods.412
9.3.7 ST_Geometries Methods .414
9.3.8 ST_MCurveFromText Functions.416
9.3.9 ST_MCurveFromWKB Functions.417
9.3.10 ST_MCurveFromGML Functions .418
9.4 ST_MultiLineString Type and Routines .419
9.4.1 ST_MultiLineString Type .419
9.4.2 ST_MultiLineString Methods.422
9.4.3 ST_Geometries Methods .424
9.4.4 ST_MLineFromText Functions.426
9.4.5 ST_MLineFromWKB Functions.427
9.4.6 ST_MLineFromGML Functions .428
9.5 ST_MultiSurface Type and Routines.429
9.5.1 ST_MultiSurface Type.429
9.5.2 ST_MultiSurface Methods .433
9.5.3 ST_Area Methods .435
9.5.4 ST_3DArea Methods.437
9.5.5 ST_Perimeter Methods.439
9.5.6 ST_3DPerimeter Methods.441
9.5.7 ST_Centroid Method .443
9.5.8 ST_3DCentroid Method.444
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved vii

9.5.9 ST_PointOnSurface Method .
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