ISO/IEC 13249-3:2016

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13249-3
Fifth edition
2016-01-15
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL multimedia and
application packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
Technologies de l’information — Langages de bases de données —
Multimédia SQL et paquetages d’application —
Partie 3: Spatial
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2016
© ISO/IEC 2016, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO/IEC 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword . xviii
Introduction . xix
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions, notations, and conventions . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.1.1 Terms and definitions provided in Part 1 . 2
3.1.2 Terms and definitions provided in Part 3 . 2
3.1.3 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19107 . 7
3.1.4 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19111 . 8
3.1.5 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19148 . 8
3.2 Notations . 9
3.2.1 Notations provided in Part 1 . 9
3.2.2 Notations provided in Part 3 . 9
3.3 Conventions . 10
3.4 Extended BNF notation for WKT and WKB . 10
4 Concepts . 11
4.1 Concepts provided in Part 1 . 11
4.2 Geometry Types . 11
4.2.1 ST_Geometry . 11
4.2.2 Spatial Relationships using ST_Geometry. 19
4.2.3 ST_Point . 24
4.2.4 ST_Curve . 24
4.2.5 ST_LineString . 26
4.2.6 ST_CircularString . 26
4.2.7 ST_Circle . 28
4.2.8 ST_GeodesicString . 28
4.2.9 ST_EllipticalCurve . 29
4.2.10 ST_NURBSCurve . 30
4.2.11 ST_Clothoid . 31
4.2.12 ST_SpiralCurve . 32
4.2.13 ST_CompoundCurve . 33
4.2.14 ST_Surface . 33
4.2.15 ST_CurvePolygon . 34
4.2.16 ST_Polygon . 35
4.2.17 ST_Triangle . 35
4.2.18 ST_PolyhdrlSurface . 36
4.2.19 ST_TIN . 36
4.2.20 ST_CompoundSurface . 37
4.2.21 ST_Solid . 38
4.2.22 ST_BRepSolid . 38
4.2.23 ST_GeomCollection . 38
4.2.24 ST_MultiPoint . 39
4.2.25 ST_MultiCurve . 39
4.2.26 ST_MultiLineString . 40
4.2.27 ST_MultiSurface . 41
4.2.28 ST_MultiPolygon . 42
4.3 Topology-Geometry . 42
4.3.1 .ST_NODE . 43
4.3.2 .ST_EDGE . 43
4.3.3 .ST_FACE . 46
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4.4 Topology-Network . 49
4.4.1 .ST_NODE . 49
4.4.2 .ST_LINK . 49
4.5 General Routines . 52
4.5.1 ST_ShortestUndPath Function . 52
4.5.2 ST_ShortestDirPath Function . 53
4.6 Spatial Reference System Type . 53
4.6.1 ST_SpatialRefSys . 53
4.7 Linear Referencing Types . 53
4.7.1 ST_PositionExp . 53
4.7.2 ST_LinearElement . 54
4.7.3 ST_LRFeature . 55
4.7.4 ST_LRCurve . 55
4.7.5 ST_LRDirectedEdge . 56
4.7.6 ST_StartValue . 56
4.7.7 ST_LRM . 56
4.7.8 ST_DistanceExp . 57
4.7.9 ST_LRMeasure . 58
4.7.10 ST_Referent . 59
4.7.11 ST_LatOffsetExp . 59
4.7.12 ST_VerOffsetExp . 59
4.7.13 ST_VectorOffsetExp . 60
4.8 Angle and Direction Types . 60
4.8.1 ST_Angle . 60
4.8.2 ST_Direction . 61
4.9 Support Types . 63
4.9.1 ST_TINElement . 63
4.9.2 ST_Vector . 63
4.9.3 ST_AffinePlacement . 64
4.9.4 ST_NURBSPoint . 65
4.9.5 ST_Knot . 65
4.10 Support Routines . 65
4.10.1 ST_Geometry ARRAY and ST_Vector ARRAY Support Routines . 65
4.11 Tables with columns using geometry types . 67
4.12 The Spatial Information Schema . 67
5 Geometry Types . 68
5.1 ST_Geometry Type and Routines . 68
5.1.1 ST_Geometry Type . 68
5.1.2 ST_Dimension Method . 83
5.1.3 ST_CoordDim Method . 84
5.1.4 ST_GeometryType Method . 85
5.1.5 ST_SRID Methods . 87
5.1.6 ST_Transform Method . 88
5.1.7 ST_IsEmpty Method . 89
5.1.8 ST_IsSimple Method . 90
5.1.9 ST_3DIsSimple Method . 91
5.1.10 ST_IsValid Method . 92
5.1.11 ST_Is3D Method . 93
5.1.12 ST_IsMeasured Method . 94
5.1.13 ST_LocateAlong Method . 95
5.1.14 ST_3DLocateAlong Method . 96
5.1.15 ST_LocateBetween Method . 97
5.1.16 ST_3DLocateBetween Method . 99
5.1.17 ST_Boundary Method . 101
5.1.18 ST_3DBoundary Method . 102
5.1.19 ST_Envelope Method . 103
5.1.20 ST_EnvelopeAsPts Method . 104
5.1.21 ST_MinX Method . 105
5.1.22 ST_MaxX Method . 106
5.1.23 ST_MinY Method . 107
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5.1.24 ST_MaxY Method . 108
5.1.25 ST_MinZ Method . 109
5.1.26 ST_MaxZ Method . 110
5.1.27 ST_MinM Method . 111
5.1.28 ST_MaxM Method . 112
5.1.29 ST_ConvexHull Method . 113
5.1.30 ST_Buffer Methods . 114
5.1.31 ST_Intersection Method . 116
5.1.32 ST_3DIntersection Method . 117
5.1.33 ST_Union Method . 118
5.1.34 ST_3DUnion Method . 119
5.1.35 ST_Difference Method . 120
5.1.36 ST_3DDifference Method. 121
5.1.37 ST_SymDifference Method . 122
5.1.38 ST_3DSymDifference Method . 123
5.1.39 Return Types from ST_Intersection, ST_Union, ST_Difference, and ST_SymDifference . 124
5.1.40 Return Types from ST_3DIntersection, ST_3DUnion, ST_3DDifference, and
ST_3DSymDifference . 127
5.1.41 ST_Distance Methods . 128
5.1.42 ST_3DDistance Methods . 130
5.1.43 ST_Equals Method . 132
5.1.44 ST_3DEquals Method . 133
5.1.45 ST_Relate Method . 134
5.1.46 ST_Disjoint Method . 137
5.1.47 ST_3DDisjoint Method . 138
5.1.48 ST_Intersects Method . 139
5.1.49 ST_3DIntersects Method . 140
5.1.50 ST_Touches Method . 141
5.1.51 ST_Crosses Method . 142
5.1.52 ST_Within Method . 143
5.1.53 ST_Contains Method . 144
5.1.54 ST_Overlaps Method . 145
5.1.55 Cast. 146
5.1.56 ST_WKTToSQL Method . 164
5.1.57 ST_AsText Method . 165
5.1.58 ST_WKBToSQL Method . 166
5.1.59 ST_AsBinary Method . 167
5.1.60 ST_GMLToSQL Method . 168
5.1.61 ST_AsGML Method . 171
5.1.62 ST_GeomFromText Functions . 172
5.1.63 ST_GeomFromWKB Functions . 173
5.1.64 ST_GeomFromGML Functions . 174
5.1.65 ST_Geometry Ordering Definition . 176
5.1.66 SQL Transform Functions . 177
5.1.67 . 178
5.1.68 . 203
6 Point Types . 253
6.1 ST_Point Type and Routines . 253
6.1.1 ST_Point Type . 253
6.1.2 ST_Point Methods . 258
6.1.3 ST_X Methods . 265
6.1.4 ST_Y Methods . 266
6.1.5 ST_Z Methods . 267
6.1.6 ST_M Methods . 268
6.1.7 ST_ExplicitPoint Method . 269
6.1.8 ST_PointFromText Functions . 270
6.1.9 ST_PointFromWKB Functions . 271
6.1.10 ST_PointFromGML Functions . 272
7 Curve Types . 273
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7.1 ST_Curve Type and Routines . 273
7.1.1 ST_Curve Type . 273
7.1.2 ST_Length Methods . 278
7.1.3 ST_3DLength Methods . 280
7.1.4 ST_StartPoint Method . 282
7.1.5 ST_EndPoint Method . 283
7.1.6 ST_IsClosed Method . 284
7.1.7 ST_3DIsClosed Method . 285
7.1.8 ST_IsRing Method . 286
7.1.9 ST_3DIsRing Method . 287
7.1.10 ST_CurveToLine Method . 288
7.1.11 ST_DistanceToPoint Methods . 289
7.1.12 ST_3DDistanceToPt Methods . 291
7.1.13 ST_PointAtDistance Methods . 293
7.1.14 ST_3DPtAtDistance Methods . 295
7.1.15 ST_PerpPoints Method . 297
7.2 ST_LineString Type and Routines . 298
7.2.1 ST_LineString Type . 298
7.2.2 ST_LineString Methods . 301
7.2.3 ST_Points Methods . 304
7.2.4 ST_NumPoints Method . 306
7.2.5 ST_PointN Method . 307
7.2.6 ST_StartPoint Method . 308
7.2.7 ST_EndPoint Method . 309
7.2.8 ST_LineFromText Functions . 310
7.2.9 ST_LineFromWKB Functions . 311
7.2.10 ST_LineFromGML Functions . 312
7.3 ST_CircularString Type and Routines . 313
7.3.1 ST_CircularString Type . 313
7.3.2 ST_CircularString Methods . 320
7.3.3 ST_Points Methods . 325
7.3.4 ST_NumPoints Method . 327
7.3.5 ST_PointN Method . 328
7.3.6 ST_NumSegments Method . 329
7.3.7 ST_SegmentN Method . 330
7.3.8 ST_MidPointRep Method . 331
7.3.9 ST_Bulge Method . 332
7.3.10 ST_BulgeNormal Method . 333
7.3.11 ST_Center Method . 334
7.3.12 ST_Radius Method . 335
7.3.13 ST_StartAngle Method. 337
7.3.14 ST_EndAngle Method . 338
7.3.15 ST_StartPoint Method . 339
7.3.16 ST_EndPoint Method . 340
7.3.17 ST_CircularFromTxt Functions . 341
7.3.18 ST_CircularFromWKB Functions . 342
7.3.19 ST_CircularFromGML Functions . 343
7.4 ST_Circle Type and Routines . 344
7.4.1 ST_Circle Type . 344
7.4.2 ST_Circle Methods . 349
7.4.3 ST_Points Methods . 353
7.4.4 ST_PointN Method . 355
7.4.5 ST_Radius Method . 356
7.4.6 ST_Center Method . 358
7.4.7 ST_Normal Method . 359
7.4.8 ST_StartPoint Method . 360
7.4.9 ST_EndPoint Method . 361
7.4.10 ST_CircleFromTxt Functions . 362
7.4.11 ST_CircleFromWKB Functions . 363
7.4.12 ST_CircleFromGML Functions . 364
© ISO/IEC 2016 - All rights reserved vi

7.5 ST_GeodesicString Type and Routines. 365
7.5.1 ST_GeodesicString Type. 365
7.5.2 ST_GeodesicString Methods . 369
7.5.3 ST_Points Methods . 372
7.5.4 ST_NumPoints Method . 374
7.5.5 ST_PointN Method . 375
7.5.6 ST_StartPoint Method . 376
7.5.7 ST_EndPoint Method . 377
7.5.8 ST_GeodesicFromTxt Functions . 378
7.5.9 ST_GeodesicFromWKB Functions . 379
7.5.10 ST_GeodesicFromGML Functions . 380
7.6 ST_EllipticalCurve Type and Routines . 381
7.6.1 ST_EllipticalCurve Type . 381
7.6.2 ST_EllipticalCurve Methods . 390
7.6.3 ST_RefLocation Methods . 398
7.6.4 ST_UAxisLength Methods. 400
7.6.5 ST_VAxisLength Methods . 403
7.6.6 ST_StartAngle Methods. 406
7.6.7 ST_EndAngle Methods . 407
7.6.8 ST_StartM Methods . 408
7.6.9 ST_EndM Methods . 410
7.6.10 ST_StartPoint Method . 412
7.6.11 ST_EndPoint Method . 413
7.6.12 ST_EllipticFromTxt Functions . 414
7.6.13 ST_EllipticFromWKB Functions . 415
7.6.14 ST_EllipticFromGML Functions . 416
7.7 ST_NURBSCurve Type and Routines . 417
7.7.1 ST_NURBSCurve Type . 417
7.7.2 ST_NURBSCurve Methods . 423
7.7.3 ST_Degree Method . 427
7.7.4 ST_ControlPoints Methods . 428
7.7.5 ST_Knots Methods . 430
7.7.6 ST_StartM Methods . 431
7.7.7 ST_EndM Methods . 433
7.7.8 ST_StartPoint Method . 435
7.7.9 ST_EndPoint Method . 436
7.7.10 ST_NURBSFromTxt Functions . 437
7.7.11 ST_NURBSFromWKB Functions . 438
7.7.12 ST_NURBSFromGML Functions . 439
7.8 ST_Clothoid Type and Routines . 440
7.8.1 ST_Clothoid Type . 440
7.8.2 ST_Clothoid Methods . 448
7.8.3 ST_RefLocation Methods . 455
7.8.4 ST_ScaleFactor Methods . 457
7.8.5 ST_StartDistance Methods . 458
7.8.6 ST_EndDistance Methods . 461
7.8.7 ST_StartM Methods . 464
7.8.8 ST_EndM Methods . 466
7.8.9 ST_StartPoint Method . 468
7.8.10 ST_EndPoint Method . 469
7.8.11 ST_ClothoidFromTxt Functions . 470
7.8.12 ST_ClothoidFromWKB Functions . 471
7.8.13 ST_ClothoidFromGML Functions . 472
7.9 ST_SpiralCurve Type and Routines . 473
7.9.1 ST_SpiralCurve Type . 473
7.9.2 ST_SpiralCurve Methods. 481
7.9.3 ST_RefLocation Methods . 489
7.9.4 ST_Length Methods . 491
7.9.5 ST_StartCurvature Methods . 494
7.9.6 ST_EndCurvature Methods . 495
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7.9.7 ST_SpiralType Methods . 496
7.9.8 ST_StartM Methods . 497
7.9.9 ST_EndM Methods . 499
7.9.10 ST_StartPoint Method . 501
7.9.11 ST_EndPoint Method . 502
7.9.12 ST_SpiralFromTxt Functions . 503
7.9.13 ST_SpiralFromWKB Functions . 504
7.9.14 ST_SpiralFromGML Functions . 505
7.10 ST_CompoundCurve Type and Routines . 506
7.10.1 ST_CompoundCurve Type . 506
7.10.2 ST_CompoundCurve Methods . 510
7.10.3 ST_Curves Methods .
...