ISO/IEC 13249-3:2006

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13249-3
Third edition
2006-11-01
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL multimedia and
application packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
Technologies de l'information — Langages de bases de données —
Multimédia SQL et paquetages d'application —
Partie 3: Spatial
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2006
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©  ISO/IEC 2006
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ii © ISO/IEC 2006 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. xi
Introduction . xii
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 2
2.1 ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards. 2
2.2 ISO standards. 2
2.3 IEC standards . 2
3 Terms, definitions, notations and conventions. 3
3.1 Terms and definitions. 3
3.1.1 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 13249-1. . 3
3.1.2 Terms defined in this part of ISO/IEC 13249. 3
3.1.3 Terms defined in ISO 19107. 8
3.1.4 Terms defined in ISO 19111. 9
3.2 Notations. 10
3.2.1 Notations provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1. 10
3.2.2 Notations provided in this part of ISO/IEC 13249. 10
3.3 Conventions . 10
4 Concepts. 11
4.1 Concepts provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1. 11
4.2 Geometry Types. 11
4.2.1 ST_Geometry. 11
4.2.2 Spatial Relationships using ST_Geometry. 16
4.2.3 ST_Point. 20
4.2.4 ST_Curve . 21
4.2.5 ST_LineString. 21
4.2.6 ST_CircularString. 22
4.2.7 ST_CompoundCurve . 23
4.2.8 ST_Surface . 23
4.2.9 ST_CurvePolygon . 24
4.2.10 ST_Polygon . 24
4.2.11 ST_GeomCollection. 25
4.2.12 ST_MultiPoint . 25
4.2.13 ST_MultiCurve. 26
4.2.14 ST_MultiLineString . 26
4.2.15 ST_MultiSurface. 27
4.2.16 ST_MultiPolygon. 27
4.3 Topology-Geometry. 28
4.3.1 .ST_NODE . 29
4.3.2 .ST_EDGE . 29
4.3.3 .ST_FACE. 32
4.4 Topology-Network. 34
4.4.1 .ST_NODE. 35
4.4.2 .ST_LINK. 35
4.5 General Routines . 38
4.5.1 ST_ShortestUndPath Function. 38
4.5.2 ST_ShortestDirPath Function. 38
4.6 Spatial Reference System Type. 39
4.6.1 ST_SpatialRefSys. 39
4.7 Angle and Direction Types. 40
4.7.1 ST_Angle. 40
4.7.2 ST_Direction . 41
© ISO/IEC 2006 - All rights reserved iii

4.8 Support Routines .42
4.8.1 ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines.42
4.9 Tables with columns using geometry types .43
4.10 The Spatial Information Schema .43
5 Geometry Types .44
5.1 ST_Geometry Type and Routines.44
5.1.1 ST_Geometry Type.44
5.1.2 ST_Dimension Method.54
5.1.3 ST_CoordDim Method.55
5.1.4 ST_GeometryType Method.56
5.1.5 ST_SRID Methods .58
5.1.6 ST_Transform Method .59
5.1.7 ST_IsEmpty Method.60
5.1.8 ST_IsSimple Method .61
5.1.9 ST_IsValid Method .62
5.1.10 ST_Is3D Method .63
5.1.11 ST_IsMeasured Method .64
5.1.12 ST_LocateAlong Method .65
5.1.13 ST_LocateBetween Method.66
5.1.14 ST_Boundary Method .68
5.1.15 ST_Envelope Method.69
5.1.16 ST_ConvexHull Method .70
5.1.17 ST_Buffer Methods .71
5.1.18 ST_Intersection Method .73
5.1.19 ST_Union Method.74
5.1.20 ST_Difference Method .75
5.1.21 ST_SymDifference Method.76
5.1.22 Return Types from ST_Intersection, ST_Union, ST_Difference, and ST_SymDifference .77
5.1.23 ST_Distance Methods.80
5.1.24 ST_Equals Method .82
5.1.25 ST_Relate Method .83
5.1.26 ST_Disjoint Method.87
5.1.27 ST_Intersects Method.88
5.1.28 ST_Touches Method .89
5.1.29 ST_Crosses Method.90
5.1.30 ST_Within Method.91
5.1.31 ST_Contains Method.92
5.1.32 ST_Overlaps Method.93
5.1.33 Cast.94
5.1.34 ST_WKTToSQL Method.104
5.1.35 ST_AsText Method.105
5.1.36 ST_WKBToSQL Method.106
5.1.37 ST_AsBinary Method .107
5.1.38 ST_GMLToSQL Method .108
5.1.39 ST_AsGML Method .110
5.1.40 ST_GeomFromText Functions.111
5.1.41 ST_GeomFromWKB Functions.112
5.1.42 ST_GeomFromGML Functions .113
5.1.43 ST_Geometry Ordering Definition.115
5.1.44 SQL Transform Functions.116
5.1.45 .117
5.1.46 .126
6 Point Types .150
6.1 ST_Point Type and Routines .150
6.1.1 ST_Point Type .150
6.1.2 ST_Point Methods.155
6.1.3 ST_X Methods.162
6.1.4 ST_Y Methods.163
6.1.5 ST_Z Methods.164
iv © ISO/IEC 2006 - All rights reserved

6.1.6 ST_M Methods. 165
6.1.7 ST_ExplicitPoint Method. 166
6.1.8 ST_PointFromText Functions. 167
6.1.9 ST_PointFromWKB Functions. 168
6.1.10 ST_PointFromGML Functions . 169
7 Curve Types. 170
7.1 ST_Curve Type and Routines . 170
7.1.1 ST_Curve Type. 170
7.1.2 ST_Length Methods. 172
7.1.3 ST_StartPoint Method. 174
7.1.4 ST_EndPoint Method. 175
7.1.5 ST_IsClosed Method. 176
7.1.6 ST_IsRing Method. 177
7.1.7 ST_CurveToLine Method. 178
7.2 ST_LineString Type and Routines . 179
7.2.1 ST_LineString Type . 179
7.2.2 ST_LineString Methods. 182
7.2.3 ST_Points Methods. 184
7.2.4 ST_NumPoints Method. 186
7.2.5 ST_PointN Method . 187
7.2.6 ST_StartPoint Method. 188
7.2.7 ST_EndPoint Method. 189
7.2.8 ST_LineFromText Functions . 190
7.2.9 ST_LineFromWKB Functions . 191
7.2.10 ST_LineFromGML Functions. 192
7.3 ST_CircularString Type and Routines . 193
7.3.1 ST_CircularString Type . 193
7.3.2 ST_CircularString Methods. 197
7.3.3 ST_Points Methods. 199
7.3.4 ST_NumPoints Method. 201
7.3.5 ST_PointN Method . 202
7.3.6 ST_MidPointRep Method. 203
7.3.7 ST_StartPoint Method. 204
7.3.8 ST_EndPoint Method. 205
7.3.9 ST_CircularFromTxt Functions . 206
7.3.10 ST_CircularFromWKB Functions. 207
7.3.11 ST_CircularFromGML Functions. 208
7.4 ST_CompoundCurve Type and Routines. 209
7.4.1 ST_CompoundCurve Type. 209
7.4.2 ST_CompoundCurve Methods . 213
7.4.3 ST_Curves Methods. 216
7.4.4 ST_NumCurves Method. 218
7.4.5 ST_CurveN Method. 219
7.4.6 ST_StartPoint Method. 220
7.4.7 ST_EndPoint Method. 221
7.4.8 ST_CompoundFromTxt Functions. 222
7.4.9 ST_CompoundFromWKB Functions. 223
7.4.10 ST_CompoundFromGML Functions . 224
8 Surface Types. 225
8.1 ST_Surface Type and Routines . 225
8.1.1 ST_Surface Type . 225
8.1.2 ST_Area Methods. 227
8.1.3 ST_Perimeter Methods . 229
8.1.4 ST_Centroid Method. 231
8.1.5 ST_PointOnSurface Method . 232
8.1.6 ST_IsWorld Method. 233
8.2 ST_CurvePolygon Type and Routines. 234
8.2.1 ST_CurvePolygon Type. 234
8.2.2 ST_CurvePolygon Methods . 238
© ISO/IEC 2006 - All rights reserved v

8.2.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods .241
8.2.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods .243
8.2.5 ST_NumInteriorRing Method .246
8.2.6 ST_InteriorRingN Method.247
8.2.7 ST_CurvePolyToPoly Method .248
8.2.8 ST_CPolyFromText Functions.249
8.2.9 ST_CPolyFromWKB Functions.250
8.2.10 ST_CPolyFromGML Functions .251
8.3 ST_Polygon Type and Routines .252
8.3.1 ST_Polygon Type .252
8.3.2 ST_Polygon Methods.255
8.3.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods .258
8.3.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods .259
8.3.5 ST_InteriorRingN Method.261
8.3.6 ST_PolyFromText Functions .262
8.3.7 ST_PolyFromWKB Functions .263
8.3.8 ST_PolyFromGML Functions.264
8.3.9 ST_BdPolyFromText Functions.265
8.3.10 ST_BdPolyFromWKB Functions .267
9 Geometry Collection Types.269
9.1 ST_GeomCollection Type and Routines.269
9.1.1 ST_GeomCollection Type.269
9.1.2 ST_GeomCollection Methods .273
9.1.3 ST_Geometries Methods .276
9.1.4 ST_NumGeometries Method .278
9.1.5 ST_GeometryN Method .279
9.1.6 ST_GeomCollFromTxt Functions.280
9.1.7 ST_GeomCollFromWKB Functions.281
9.1.8 ST_GeomCollFromGML Functions .282
9.2 ST_MultiPoint Type and Routines.283
9.2.1 ST_MultiPoint Type.283
9.2.2 ST_MultiPoint Methods .286
9.2.3 ST_Geometries Methods .288
9.2.4 ST_MPointFromText Functions.290
9.2.5 ST_MPointFromWKB Functions.291
9.2.6 ST_MPointFromGML Functions .292
9.3 ST_MultiCurve Type and Routines.293
9.3.1 ST_MultiCurve Type.293
9.3.2 ST_MultiCurve Methods .296
9.3.3 ST_IsClosed Method.298
9.3.4 ST_Length Methods.299
9.3.5 ST_Geometries Methods .301
9.3.6 ST_MCurveFromText Functions.303
9.3.7 ST_MCurveFromWKB Functions.304
9.3.8 ST_MCurveFromGML Functions .305
9.4 ST_MultiLineString Type and Routines .306
9.4.1 ST_MultiLineString Type .306
9.4.2 ST_MultiLineString Methods.309
9.4.3 ST_Geometries Methods .311
9.4.4 ST_MLineFromText Functions.313
9.4.5 ST_MLineFromWKB Functions .314
9.4.6 ST_MLineFromGML Functions.315
9.5 ST_MultiSurface Type and Routines.316
9.5.1 ST_MultiSurface Type.316
9.5.2 ST_MultiSurface Methods .319
9.5.3 ST_Area Methods.321
9.5.4 ST_Perimeter Methods .323
9.5.5 ST_Centroid Method .325
9.5.6 ST_PointOnSurface Method.326
9.5.7 ST_Geometries Methods .327
vi © ISO/IEC 2006 - All rights reserved

9.5.8 ST_MSurfaceFromTxt Functions. 329
9.5.9 ST_MSurfaceFromWKB Functions . 330
9.5.10 ST_MSurfaceFromGML Functions. 331
9.6 ST_MultiPolygon Type and Routines. 332
9.6.1 ST_MultiPolygon Type. 332
9.6.2 ST_MultiPolygon Methods . 335
9.6.3 ST_Geometries Methods. 337
9.6.4 ST_MPolyFromText Functions . 339
9.6.5 ST_MPolyFromWKB Functions . 340
9.6.6 ST_MPolyFromGML Functions. 341
9.6.7 ST_BdMPolyFromText Functions . 342
9.6.8 ST_BdMPolyFromWKB Functions . 344
10 Topology-Geometry. 346
10.1 Topo-Geo Topology Schema . 346
10.1.1 Introduction . 346
10.1.2 ST_NODE view. 347
10.1.3 ST_EDGE view. 348
10.1.4 ST_FACE view. 349
10.2 Topo-Geo Definition Schema. 350
10.2.1 Introduction . 350
10.2.2 ST_NODE base table. 351
10.2.3 ST_EDGE base table. 352
10.2.4 ST_FACE base table . 354
10.3 Topo-Geo Routines. 355
10.3.1 ST_AddIsoNode Function. 355
10.3.2 ST_MoveIsoNode Procedure . 357
10.3.3 ST_RemIsoNode Procedure. 359
10.3.4 ST_AddIsoEdge Function. 360
10.3.5 ST_GetFaceEdges Function . 362
10.3.6 ST_ChangeEdgeGeom Procedure . 363
10.3.7 ST_RemIsoEdge Procedure. 365
10.3.8 ST_NewEdgesSplit Function . 367
10.3.9 ST_ModEdgeSplit Function . 369
10.3.10 ST_NewEdgeHeal Function . 371
10.3.11 ST_ModEdgeHeal Procedure. 374
10.3.12 ST_AddEdgeNewFaces Function. 377
10.3.13 ST_AddEdgeModFace Function. 380
10.3.14 ST_RemEdgeNewFace Function. 383
10.3.15 ST_RemEdgeModFace Procedure . 385
10.3.16 ST_GetFaceGeometry Function . 387
10.3.17 ST_InitTopoGeo Procedure . 389
10.3.18 ST_CreateTopoGeo Procedure. 390
10.3.19 ST_ValidateTopoGeo Function. 393
11 Topology-Network. 398
11.1 Topo-Net Network Schema . 398
11.1.1 Introduction . 398
11.1.2 ST_NODE view. 399
11.1.3 ST_LINK view . 400
11.2 Topo-Net Definition Schema. 401
11.2.1 Introduction . 401
11.2.2 ST_NODE base table. 402
11.2.3 ST_LINK base table. 403
11.3 Topo-Net Routines. 404
11.3.1 ST_AddIsoNetNode Function . 404
11.3.2 ST_MoveIsoNetNode Procedure . 405
11.3.3 ST_RemIsoNetNode Procedure. 406
11.3.4 ST_AddLink Function. 407
11.3.5 ST_ChangeLinkGeom Procedure. 409
11.3.6 ST_RemoveLink Procedure . 411
© ISO/IEC 2006 - All rights reserved vii

11.3.7 ST_InitTopoNet Procedure.412
11.3.8 ST_NewLogLinkSplit Function .413
11.3.9 ST_ModLogLinkSplit Function .415
11.3.10 ST_NewGeoLinkSplit Function.417
11.3.11 ST_ModGeoLinkSplit Function.419
11.3.12 ST_NewLinkHeal Function .421
11.3.13 ST_ModLinkHeal Procedure .424
11.3.14 ST_LogiNetFromTGeo Procedure .427
11.3.15 ST_SpatNetFromTGeo Procedure.429
11.3.16 ST_SpatNetFromGeom Procedure.431
11.3.17 ST_ValidLogicalNet Function .433
11.3.18 ST_ValidSpatialNet Function .435
12 General Routines.438
12.1 Shortest Path Routines .
...