ISO/IEC 13249-3:2003

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13249-3
Second edition
2003-10-15
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL multimedia and
application packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
Technologies de l'information — Langages de bases de données —
Multimédia SQL et paquetages d'application —
Partie 3: Spatial
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2003
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©  ISO/IEC 2003
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ii © ISO/IEC 2003 — All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. ix
Introduction . x
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 3
2.1 ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards. 3
2.2 ISO standards. 3
2.3 IEC standards . 3
2.4 Other international standards. 3
3 Terms and definitions, notations and conventions.5
3.1 Terms and definitions. 5
3.1.1 Terms and definitions provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1:2002.5
3.1.2 Terms and definitions provided in this part of ISO/IEC 13249. 5
3.1.3 Terms and definitions taken from ISO/IEC 9075 (all parts). 8
3.1.4 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19107:2003. 9
3.1.5 Terms and definitions taken from ISO 19111:2003. 9
3.2 Notations. 10
3.2.1 Notations provided in ISO/IEC 13249-1:2002. 10
3.2.2 Notations provided in this part of ISO/IEC 13249. 10
3.3 Conventions. 10
4 Concepts. 11
4.1 Geometry Types. 11
4.1.1 ST_Geometry. 11
4.1.2 Spatial Relationships using ST_Geometry. 13
4.1.3 ST_Point. 17
4.1.4 ST_Curve. 17
4.1.5 ST_LineString. 18
4.1.6 ST_CircularString. 18
4.1.7 ST_CompoundCurve. 19
4.1.8 ST_Surface. 20
4.1.9 ST_CurvePolygon . 20
4.1.10 ST_Polygon. 20
4.1.11 ST_GeomCollection. 21
4.1.12 ST_MultiPoint. 22
4.1.13 ST_MultiCurve. 22
4.1.14 ST_MultiLineString . 22
4.1.15 ST_MultiSurface. 23
4.1.16 ST_MultiPolygon. 23
4.2 Spatial Reference System Type. 25
4.2.1 ST_SpatialRefSys. 25
4.3 Angle and Direction Types. 26
4.3.1 ST_Angle. 26
4.3.2 ST_Direction. 27
4.4 Support Routines. 29
4.4.1 ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines. 29
4.5 Tables with columns using geometry types . 30
4.6 The Spatial Information Schema . 31
5 Geometry Types. 33
5.1 ST_Geometry Type and Routines .33
5.1.1 ST_Geometry Type . 33
5.1.2 ST_Dimension Method . 42
© ISO/IEC 2003 - All rights reserved Contents  iii

5.1.3 ST_CoordDim Method.43
5.1.4 ST_GeometryType Method.44
5.1.5 ST_SRID Methods .46
5.1.6 ST_Transform Method.47
5.1.7 ST_IsEmpty Method.48
5.1.8 ST_IsSimple Method .49
5.1.9 ST_IsValid Method.50
5.1.10 ST_Boundary Method.51
5.1.11 ST_Envelope Method.52
5.1.12 ST_ConvexHull Method.53
5.1.13 ST_Buffer Methods.54
5.1.14 ST_Intersection Method.56
5.1.15 ST_Union Method.57
5.1.16 ST_Difference Method.58
5.1.17 ST_SymDifference Method.59
5.1.18 Return Types from ST_Intersection, ST_Union, ST_Difference, and ST_SymDifference .60
5.1.19 ST_Distance Methods.63
5.1.20 ST_Equals Method.65
5.1.21 ST_Relate Method.66
5.1.22 ST_Disjoint Method.69
5.1.23 ST_Intersects Method.70
5.1.24 ST_Touches Method.71
5.1.25 ST_Crosses Method.72
5.1.26 ST_Within Method.73
5.1.27 ST_Contains Method.74
5.1.28 ST_Overlaps Method.75
5.1.29 Empty Cast.76
5.1.30 ST_WKTToSQL Method.83
5.1.31 ST_AsText Method.84
5.1.32 ST_WKBToSQL Method.85
5.1.33 ST_AsBinary Method.86
5.1.34 ST_GMLToSQL Method .87
5.1.35 ST_AsGML Method.89
5.1.36 ST_GeomFromText Functions.90
5.1.37 ST_GeomFromWKB Functions.92
5.1.38 ST_GeomFromGML Functions.93
5.1.39 ST_Geometry Ordering Definition.95
5.1.40 SQL Transform Functions.96
5.1.41 .97
5.1.42 .105
6 Point Types.113
6.1 ST_Point Type and Routines .113
6.1.1 ST_Point Type.113
6.1.2 ST_Point Methods.116
6.1.3 ST_X Methods.119
6.1.4 ST_Y Methods.120
6.1.5 ST_ExplicitPoint Method.121
6.1.6 ST_PointFromText Functions.122
6.1.7 ST_PointFromWKB Functions.123
6.1.8 ST_PointFromGML Functions.124
7 Curve Types.125
7.1 ST_Curve Type and Routines .125
7.1.1 ST_Curve Type .125
7.1.2 ST_Length Methods.127
7.1.3 ST_StartPoint Method.129
7.1.4 ST_EndPoint Method.130
7.1.5 ST_IsClosed Method.131
7.1.6 ST_IsRing Method.132
7.1.7 ST_CurveToLine Method.133
iv  Contents © ISO/IEC 2003 - All rights reserved

7.2 ST_LineString Type and Routines . 134
7.2.1 ST_LineString Type . 134
7.2.2 ST_LineString Methods. 137
7.2.3 ST_Points Methods. 140
7.2.4 ST_NumPoints Method. 142
7.2.5 ST_PointN Method . 143
7.2.6 ST_StartPoint Method. 144
7.2.7 ST_EndPoint Method. 145
7.2.8 ST_LineFromText Functions. 146
7.2.9 ST_LineFromWKB Functions. 147
7.2.10 ST_LineFromGML Functions. 148
7.3 ST_CircularString Type and Routines . 149
7.3.1 ST_CircularString Type. 149
7.3.2 ST_CircularString Methods. 153
7.3.3 ST_Points Methods. 156
7.3.4 ST_NumPoints Method. 158
7.3.5 ST_PointN Method . 159
7.3.6 ST_MidPointRep Method. 160
7.3.7 ST_StartPoint Method. 161
7.3.8 ST_EndPoint Method. 162
7.3.9 ST_CircularFromTxt Functions. 163
7.3.10 ST_CircularFromWKB Functions. 164
7.4 ST_CompoundCurve Type and Routines. 165
7.4.1 ST_CompoundCurve Type. 165
7.4.2 ST_CompoundCurve Methods.169
7.4.3 ST_Curves Methods. 172
7.4.4 ST_NumCurves Method. 174
7.4.5 ST_CurveN Method. 175
7.4.6 ST_StartPoint Method. 176
7.4.7 ST_EndPoint Method. 177
7.4.8 ST_CompoundFromTxt Functions.178
7.4.9 ST_CompoundFromWKB Functions.179
8 Surface Types. 181
8.1 ST_Surface Type and Routines . 181
8.1.1 ST_Surface Type. 181
8.1.2 ST_Area Methods. 183
8.1.3 ST_Perimeter Methods . 185
8.1.4 ST_Centroid Method. 187
8.1.5 ST_PointOnSurface Method. 188
8.2 ST_CurvePolygon Type and Routines. 189
8.2.1 ST_CurvePolygon Type. 189
8.2.2 ST_CurvePolygon Methods . 193
8.2.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods. 197
8.2.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods. 199
8.2.5 ST_NumInteriorRing Method. 202
8.2.6 ST_InteriorRingN Method. 203
8.2.7 ST_CurvePolyToPoly Method. 204
8.2.8 ST_CPolyFromText Functions. 205
8.2.9 ST_CPolyFromWKB Functions .206
8.3 ST_Polygon Type and Routines .207
8.3.1 ST_Polygon Type. 207
8.3.2 ST_Polygon Methods. 210
8.3.3 ST_ExteriorRing Methods. 214
8.3.4 ST_InteriorRings Methods. 215
8.3.5 ST_InteriorRingN Method. 217
8.3.6 ST_PolyFromText Functions. 218
8.3.7 ST_PolyFromWKB Functions. 219
8.3.8 ST_PolyFromGML Functions. 220
8.3.9 ST_BdPolyFromText Functions. 221
8.3.10 ST_BdPolyFromWKB Functions.223
© ISO/IEC 2003 - All rights reserved Contents  v

9 Geometry Collection Types.225
9.1 ST_GeomCollection Type and Routines.225
9.1.1 ST_GeomCollection Type.225
9.1.2 ST_GeomCollection Methods .229
9.1.3 ST_Geometries Methods.232
9.1.4 ST_NumGeometries Method.234
9.1.5 ST_GeometryN Method .235
9.1.6 ST_GeomCollFromTxt Functions.236
9.1.7 ST_GeomCollFromWKB Functions.237
9.1.8 ST_GeomCollFromGML Functions .238
9.2 ST_MultiPoint Type and Routines.239
9.2.1 ST_MultiPoint Type.239
9.2.2 ST_MultiPoint Methods.242
9.2.3 ST_Geometries Methods.245
9.2.4 ST_MPointFromText Functions.247
9.2.5 ST_MPointFromWKB Functions.248
9.2.6 ST_MPointFromGML Functions.249
9.3 ST_MultiCurve Type and Routines.250
9.3.1 ST_MultiCurve Type.250
9.3.2 ST_MultiCurve Methods.253
9.3.3 ST_IsClosed Method.256
9.3.4 ST_Length Methods.257
9.3.5 ST_Geometries Methods.259
9.3.6 ST_MCurveFromText Functions.261
9.3.7 ST_MCurveFromWKB Functions.262
9.4 ST_MultiLineString Type and Routines .263
9.4.1 ST_MultiLineString Type.263
9.4.2 ST_MultiLineString Methods.266
9.4.3 ST_Geometries Methods.269
9.4.4 ST_MLineFromText Functions.271
9.4.5 ST_MLineFromWKB Functions .272
9.4.6 ST_MLineFromGML Functions.273
9.5 ST_MultiSurface Type and Routines.274
9.5.1 ST_MultiSurface Type.274
9.5.2 ST_MultiSurface Methods.277
9.5.3 ST_Area Methods.280
9.5.4 ST_Perimeter Methods .282
9.5.5 ST_Centroid Method .284
9.5.6 ST_PointOnSurface Method.285
9.5.7 ST_Geometries Methods.286
9.5.8 ST_MSurfaceFromTxt Functions.288
9.5.9 ST_MSurfaceFromWKB Functions.289
9.6 ST_MultiPolygon Type and Routines.290
9.6.1 ST_MultiPolygon Type.290
9.6.2 ST_MultiPolygon Methods .293
9.6.3 ST_Geometries Methods.296
9.6.4 ST_MPolyFromText Functions.298
9.6.5 ST_MPolyFromWKB Functions .299
9.6.6 ST_MPolyFromGML Functions.300
9.6.7 ST_BdMPolyFromText Functions.301
9.6.8 ST_BdMPolyFromWKB Functions .303
10 Spatial Reference System Type.305
10.1 ST_SpatialRefSys Type and Routines .305
10.1.1 ST_SpatialRefSys Type.305
10.1.2 ST_SpatialRefSys Methods.307
10.1.3 ST_AsWKTSRS Method.308
10.1.4 ST_WKTSRSToSQL Method.309
10.1.5 ST_SRID Method .310
10.1.6 ST_Equals Method.311
10.1.7 ST_OrderingEquals Function.312
vi  Contents © ISO/IEC 2003 - All rights reserved

10.1.8 ST_WellKnownText SQL Transform Group.313
10.1.9 . 314
11 Angle and Direction Types. 319
11.1 ST_Angle Type and Routines . 319
11.1.1 ST_Angle Type . 319
11.1.2 ST_Angle Methods. 324
11.1.3 ST_Radians Methods. 331
11.1.4 ST_Degrees Methods. 332
11.1.5 ST_DegreeComponentMethod. 333
11.1.6 ST_MinuteComponentMethod. 334
11.1.7 ST_SecondComponent Method. 335
11.1.8 ST_String Methods. 336
11.1.9 ST_Gradians Methods. 338
11.1.10 ST_Add Method. 339
11.1.11 ST_Subtract Method . 340
11.1.12 ST_Multiply Method . 341
11.1.13 ST_Divide Method. 342
11.1.14 ST_AsText Method. 343
11.1.15 ST_Angle Ordering Definition. 344
11.1.16 SQL Transform Functions. 345
11.2 ST_Direction Type and Routines. 346
11.2.1 ST_Direction Type. 346
11.2.2 ST_Direction Methods. 351
11.2.3 ST_Radians Method. 356
11.2.4 ST_AngleNAzimuth Methods. 357
11.2.5 ST_AsText Method. 358
11.2.6 ST_RadianBearing Method. 359
11.2.7 ST_DegreesBearing Method. 361
11.2.8 ST_DMSBearing Method. 363
11.2.9 ST_RadianNAzimuth Method. 365
11.2.10 ST_DegreesNAzimuth Method. 366
11.2.11 ST_DMSNAzimuth Method. 367
11.2.12 ST_RadianSAzimuth Method . 368
11.2.13 ST_DegreesSAzimuth Method. 369
11.2.14 ST_DMSSAzimuth Method . 370
11.2.15 ST_AddAngle Method. 371
11.2.16 ST_SubtractAngle Method . 372
11.2.17 ST_Direction Ordering Definition. 373
11.2.18 SQL Transform Functions. 374
12 Support Routines. 375
12.1 ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines. 375
12.1.1 ST_MaxDimension Function. 375
12.1.2 ST_CheckSRID Function. 377
12.1.3 ST_CheckNulls Procedure. 378
12.1.4 ST_CheckConsecDups Procedure.379
12.1.5 ST_ToPointAry Cast Function . 380
12.1.6 ST_ToCurveAry Cast Function. 382
12.1.7 ST_ToLineStringAry Cast Function. 384
12.1.8 ST_ToCircularAry Cast Function . 386
12.1.9 ST_ToCompoundAry Cast Function. 388
12.1.10 ST_ToSurfaceAry Cast Function. 390
12.1.11 ST_ToCurvePolyAry Cast Function . 392
12.1.12 ST_ToPolygonAry Cast Function. 394
13 SQL/MM Spatial Information Schema . 397
13.1 Introduction. 397
13.2 ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS view.398
13.3 ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS view.399
13.4 ST_UNITS_OF_MEASURE view.400
13.5 ST_SIZINGS view. 401
© ISO/IEC 2003 - All rights reserved Contents  vii

13.6 Short name views.402
14 SQL/MM Spatial Definition Schema.403
14.1 Introduction.403
14.2 ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS base table .404
14.3 ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS base table.405
14.4 ST_UNITS_OF_MEASURE base table .407
14.5 ST_SIZINGS base table.408
15 Status Codes.409
16 Conformance.411
16.1 Requirements for conformance.411
16.2 Features of ISO/IEC 9075 required for this part of ISO/IEC 13249 .411
16.3 Claims of conformance.411
Annex A.417
A.1 Implementation-defined Meta-variables.434
Annex B.435
Annex C.437
Annex D.
...