ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13249-3
First edition
1999-12-01
Information technology — Database
languages — SQL Multimedia and
Application Packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
Technologies de l'information — Langages de bases de données —
Multimédia SQL et paquetages d'application —
Partie 3: Spatial
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 1999
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ii © ISO/IEC 1999 – All rights reserved

ãã ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
Page
Foreword
Introductionx
2Normative references3
3Definitions, notations, and conventions5
Definitions5
Definitions provided in Part 15
Definitions provided in Part 35
Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 90756
Definitions taken from ISO 15046-77
Definitions taken from ISO 15046-119
Notations
Notations provided in Part 1
Notations provided in Part 3
Conventions
4Concepts
Geometry Types
ST_Geometry
Spatial Relationships using ST_Geometry
Columns of type ST_Geometry
ST_Point
ST_Curve
ST_LineString
ST_CircularString
ST_CompoundCurve
ST_Surface
4.1.10 ST_CurvePolygon
4.1.11 ST_Polygon
4.1.12 ST_GeomCollection
4.1.13 ST_MultiPoint
4.1.14 ST_MultiCurve
4.1.15 ST_MultiLineString
4.1.16 ST_MultiSurface
4.1.17 ST_MultiPolygon
Spatial Reference System Type
ST_SpatialRefSys
Support Routines
ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines
5Geometry Types
ST_Geometry Type and Routines
ST_Geometry Type
ST_Dimension Method
ST_CoordDim Method
ST_GeometryType Method
ST_SRID Methods
ST_Transform Method
ST_IsEmpty Method
ST_IsSimple Method
ST_IsValid Method
5.1.10 ST_Boundary Method
Contents
iii
45 . . . .
44 . . . . 5.1.9
43 . . . . 5.1.8
42 . . . . 5.1.7
41 . . . . 5.1.6
40 . . . . 5.1.5
38 . . . . 5.1.4
37 . . . . 5.1.3
36 . . . . 5.1.2
29 . . . . 5.1.1
29 . . . 5.1
29 . . . .
27 . . . 4.3.1
27 . . . . 4.3
26 . . . . 4.2.1
26 . . . . 4.2
25 . . . .
25 . . . .
24 . . . .
24 . . . .
23 . . . .
23 . . . .
23 . . . . .
22 . . . .
22 . . . . . 4.1.9
21 . . . . 4.1.8
20 . . . . 4.1.7
20 . . . . 4.1.6
19 . . . . . 4.1.5
19 . . . . . 4.1.4
18 . . . . 4.1.3
13 . . . 4.1.2
11 . . . . 4.1.1
11 . . . . 4.1
11 . . . . .
10 . . . . . 3.3
10 . . . . 3.2.2
10 . . . . 3.2.1
10 . . . . . 3.2
............................ ................................ ................................ 3.1.5
.............................. ................................ ................................ 3.1.4
............................ ................................ ................................ 3.1.3
....... ................................ ................................ ................................ 3.1.2
....... ................................ ................................ ................................ 3.1.1
....... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 3.1
...................... ................................ ................................
..................... ................................ ................................ ................................
............... ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ Scope
................. ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................
ix . . . . .
Contents
ISO/IEC
5.1.11 ST_Envelope Method
5.1.12 ST_ConvexHull Method
5.1.13 ST_B uffer Method
5.1.14 ST_Intersection Method
5.1.15 ST_Union Method
5.1.16 ST_Difference Method
5.1.17 ST_SymDifference Method
5.1.18 Return Types from ST_Intersection, ST_Union, ST_Difference, and ST_SymDifference
5.1.19 ST_Distance Method
5.1.20 ST_Equals Method
5.1.21 ST_Relate Method
5.1.22 ST_Disjoint Method
5.1.23 ST_Intersects Method
5.1.24 ST_Touches Method
5.1.25 ST_Crosses Method
5.1.26 ST_Within Method
5.1.27 ST_Contains Method
5.1.28 ST_Overlaps Method
5.1.29 ST_WKTToSQL Method
5.1.30 ST_AsText Method
5.1.31 ST_WKBToSQL Method
5.1.32 ST_AsBinary Method
5.1.33 ST_GeomFromText Functions
5.1.34 ST_GeomFromWKB Functions
5.1.35 ST_OrderingEquals Function
5.1.36 SQL Transform Functions
6Point Types
ST_Point Type and Routines
ST_Point Type
ST_Point Methods
ST_X Methods
ST_Y Methods
ST_ExplicitPoint Method
ST_PointFromText Functions
ST_PointFromWKB Functions
7Curve Types
ST_Curve Type and Routines
ST_Curve Type
ST_Length M ethod
ST_StartPoint Method
ST_EndPoint Method
ST_IsClosed Method
ST_IsRing Method
ST_CurveToLine Method
ST_LineString Type and Routines
ST_LineString Type
ST_LineString Methods
ST_Points Methods
ST_NumPoints Method
ST_PointN Method
ST_StartPoint Method
ST_EndPoint Method
ST_LineF romText Functions
ST_LineFromWKB Functions
ST_CircularString Type and Routines
ST_CircularString Type
ST_CircularString Methods
ST_Points Methods
ST_NumPoints Method
iv
136 . . . . 7.3.4
134 . . . . 7.3.3
133 . . . . 7.3.2
129 . . . . 7.3.1
129 . . . 7.3
127 . . . . 7.2.9
125 . . . . 7.2.8
124 . . . . 7.2.7
123 . . . . 7.2.6
122 . . . . 7.2.5
121 . . . . 7.2.4
119 . . . . 7.2.3
118 . . . . 7.2.2
115 . . . . 7.2.1
115 . . . 7.2
114 . . . . 7.1.7
113 . . . . 7.1.6
112 . . . . 7.1.5
111 . . . . 7.1.4
110 . . . . 7.1.3
109 . . . . 7.1.2
107 . . . . 7.1.1
107 . . . . 7.1
107 . . . .
105 . . . . 6.1.7
103 . . . . 6.1.6
102 . . . . 6.1.5
101 . . . . 6.1.4
100 . . . . 6.1.3
98 . . . . 6.1.2
95 . . . . 6.1.1
95 . . . . 6.1
95 . . . . .
93 . . . .
92 . . . .
90 . . . .
88 . . . .
87 . . . .
80 . . . .
79 . . . .
69 . . . .
68 . . . .
67 . . . .
66 . . . .
64 . . . .
63 . . . .
62 . . . .
61 . . . .
58 . . . .
57 . . . .
56 . . . .
53 .
52 . . . .
51 . . . .
50 . . . .
49 . . . .
48 . . . .
47 . . . .
46 . . . .
ISO/IEC
ãã ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
ST_PointN Method
ST_MidPointRep Method
ST_StartPoint Method
ST_EndPoint Method
ST_CircularFromText Functions
7.3.10 ST_CircularFromWKB Functions
ST_CompoundCurve Type and Routines
ST_CompoundCurve Type
ST_CompoundCurve Methods
ST_Curves Methods
ST_NumCurve s Method
ST_CurveN Method
ST_StartPoint Method
ST_EndPoint Method
ST_CompoundFromText Functions
ST_CompoundFromWKB Functions
8Surface Types
ST_Surface Type and Routines
ST_Surface Type
ST_Area Method
ST_Perimeter Method
ST_Centroid Method
ST_PointOnSurface Method
ST_CurvePolygon Type and Routines
ST_CurvePolygon Type
ST_CurvePolygon Methods
ST_ExteriorRing Methods
ST_InteriorRings Methods
ST_NumI nteriorRing Method
ST_InteriorRingN Method
ST_CurvePolyToPoly Method
ST_CPolyFromText Functions
ST_CPolyFromWKB Functions.
ST_Polygon Type and Routines
ST_Polygon Type
ST_Polygon Methods
ST_ExteriorRing Methods
ST_InteriorRings Methods
ST_InteriorRingN Method
ST_PolyFromText Functions
ST_PolyFromWKB Functions
ST_BdPolyFromText Functions
ST_BdPolyFromWKB Functions
9Geometry Collection Types
ST_GeomCollection Type and Routines
ST_GeomCollection Type
ST_GeomCollection Methods
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_NumGeometries Method
ST_Geometr yN Method
ST_GeomCollFromTxt Functions
ST_GeomCollFromWKB Functions
ST_MultiPoint Type and Routines
ST_MultiPoint Type
ST_MultiPoint Methods
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_MPointFromText Functions
ST_MPointFromWKB Functions
ST_MultiCurve Type and Routines
Contents  v
225 . . . 9.3
223 . . . 9.2.5
221 . . . 9.2.4
219 . . . . 9.2.3
218 . . . . 9.2.2
216 . . . . 9.2.1
216 . . . 9.2
214 . . . 9.1.7
212 . . . 9.1.6
211 . . . . 9.1.5
210 . . . . 9.1.4
208 . . . . 9.1.3
206 . . . . 9.1.2
203 . . . . 9.1.1
203 . . . 9.1
203 . . . .
201 . . . 8.3.9
199 . . . 8.3.8
197 . . . . 8.3.7
195 . . . . 8.3.6
194 . . . . 8.3.5
192 . . . . 8.3.4
191 . . . . 8.3.3
188 . . . . 8.3.2
185 . . . . 8.3.1
185 . . . 8.3
183 . . . 8.2.9
181 . . . . 8.2.8
180 . . . . 8.2.7
179 . . . . 8.2.6
178 . . . . 8.2.5
175 . . . . 8.2.4
173 . . . . 8.2.3
171 . . . . 8.2.2
167 . . . . 8.2.1
167 . . . 8.2
166 . . . . 8.1.5
165 . . . . 8.1.4
164 . . . . 8.1.3
163 . . . . 8.1.2
161 . . . . 8.1.1
161 . . . 8.1
161 . . . .
158 . . . 7.4.9
156 . . . 7.4.8
155 . . . . 7.4.7
154 . . . . 7.4.6
153 . . . . 7.4.5
152 . . . . 7.4.4
150 . . . . 7.4.3
148 . . . . 7.4.2
145 . . . . 7.4.1
145 . . . 7.4
143 . . .
141 . . . 7.3.9
140 . . . . 7.3.8
139 . . . . 7.3.7
138 . . . . 7.3.6
137 . . . . 7.3.5
ISO/IEC
ST_MultiCurve Type
ST_MultiCurve Methods
ST_IsClosed Method
ST_Length Method
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_MCurveFromText Functions
ST_MCurveFromWKB Functions
ST_MultiLineString Type and Routines
ST_MultiLineString Type
ST_MultiLineString Methods
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_MLineFromText Functions
ST_MLineFromWKB Functions
ST_MultiSurface Type and Routines
ST_MultiSurface Type
ST_MultiSurface Methods
ST_Area Method
ST_Perimeter Method
ST_Centroid Method
ST_PointOnSurface Method
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_MSurfaceFromTxt Functions
ST_MSurfaceFromWKB Functions
ST_MultiPolygon Type and Routines
ST_MultiPolygon Type
ST_MultiPolygon Methods
ST_Geometries Methods
ST_MPolyFromText Functions.
ST_MPolyFromWKB Funct ions
ST_BdMPolyFromText Functions
ST_BdMPolyFromWKB Functions
Spatial Reference System Type
ST_SpatialRefSys Type and Ro utines
10.1.1 ST_SpatialRefSys Type
10.1.2 ST_SpatialRefSys Methods
10.1.3 ST_AsWKTSRS Method
10.1.4 ST_WKTSRSToSQL Method
10.1.5 ST_SRID Method
10.1.6 ST_Equals Method
10.1.7 ST_OrderingEquals Function
10.1.8 ST_WellKnownText SQL Transform Group
Support Routines
ST_Geometry ARRAY Support Routines
11.1.1 ST_MinDimension Function
11.1.2 ST_MaxDimension Function
11.1.3 ST_IsMixedDim Function
11.1.4 ST_CheckSRID Function
11.1.5 ST_CheckNulls Procedure
11.1.6 ST_CheckConsecDups Procedure
11.1.7 ST_ToPointAry Cast Function
11.1.8 ST_ToCurveAry Cast Function.
11.1.9 ST_ToLineStringAry Cast Function
11.1.10 ST_ToCircularAry Cast Function
11.1.11 ST_ToCompoundAry Cast Function
11.1.12 ST_ToSurfaceAry Cast Function
11.1.13 ST_ToCurvePolyAry Cast Function
11.1.14 ST_ToPolygonAry Cast Function
Conformance
Requirements for conformance
vi
311 . . . 12.1
311 . . . . 12
308 . . .
306 . . .
304 . . .
302 . . .
300 . . .
298 . . .
296 . . .
294 . . . .
293 . . .
292 . . . .
290 . . . .
289 . . . .
287 . . . .
285 . . . .
285 . . . 11.1
285 . . . . 11
283 . . .
282 . . . .
281 . . . .
280 . . . .
279 . . . .
278 . . . .
273 . . . .
271 . . . .
271 . . . 10.1
271 . . . 10
269 . . . 9.6.7
267 . . . 9.6.6
265 . . . 9.6.5
263 . . . 9.6.4
261 . . . . 9.6.3
260 . . . . 9.6.2
258 . . . . 9.6.1
258 . . . 9.6
256 . . . 9.5.9
254 . . . 9.5.8
252 . . . . 9.5.7
251 . . . . 9.5.6
250 . . . . 9.5.5
249 . . . . 9.5.4
248 . . . . 9.5.3
247 . . . . 9.5.2
245 . . . . 9.5.1
245 . . . 9.5
243 . . . 9.4.5
241 . . . . 9.4.4
239 . . . . 9.4.3
238 . . . . 9.4.2
236 . . . . 9.4.1
236 . . . 9.4
234 . . . 9.3.7
232 . . . 9.3.6
230 . . . . 9.3.5
229 . . . . 9.3.4
228 . . . . 9.3.3
227 . . . . 9.3.2
225 . . . . 9.3.1
ISO/IEC
ãã ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
Claims of conformance
Status Codes
Implementation-defined Meta-variables
Annex B
Annex C
Bibliography
Index
Contents  vii
325 . . . . .
323 . . . . .
321 . . . . .
319 . . . . .
318 . . . A.1
317 . . . . . Annex A
315 . . . . 13
311 . . . . 12.2
ISO/IEC
Figures Page
Figure C.1 — ST_Geometry Type Hierarchy Diagram.
Tables Page
Table 1 — Symbols.
Table 2 — DE-9IM.
Table 3 — Parameter Types.
Table 4 — Return Type Sets.
Table 5 — Return Type Matrix for the ST_Intersection Method.
Table 6 — Return Type Matrix for the ST_Union Method.
Table 7 — Return Type Matrix for the ST_Difference Method.
Table 8 — Return Type Matrix for the ST_SymDifference Method.
Table 9 — DE-9IM Mapping.
Table 10 — Cell Values.
Table 11 — SQLSTATE class and subclass values.
viii
315 . . .
60 . . . .
60 . . . .
55 . .
55 . .
55 . . .
54 . .
54 . . . .
53 . . . .
14 . . . . .
10 . . . . .
321 . . .
ISO/IEC
© ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have establisheda joint technical committee, ISO/IEC
JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national
bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the
national bodies castinga vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
International Standard ISO/IEC 13249-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,
Information technology, Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
ISO/IEC 13249 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Database
languages — SQL Multimedia and Application Packages:
� Part 1: Framework
� Part 2: Full text
� Part 3: Spatial
� Part 4: General purpose facilities
� Part 5: Still image
Annexes A toC of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 are for information only.
Foreword  ix
The purpose of this International Standard is to define multimedia and application specific types and their
associated routines using the user-defined features in ISO/IEC 9075.
SQL/MM is structured as a multi-part standard. At present it consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Framework
— Part 2: Fullt ext
— Part 3: Spatial
— Part 4: General purpose facilities
— Part 5: Still image
The organization of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 is as follows:
1)Clause 1, "Scope", specifies the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
2)Clause 2, "Normative references", identifies additional standards that, through reference in this part of
ISO/IEC 13249, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
3)Clause 3, "Definitions, notations, and conventions", defines the notations and conventions used in
this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
4)Clause 4, "Concepts", presents concepts used in the definition of this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
5)Clause 5, "Geometry Types", defines the geometry supertype.
6)Clause 6, "Point Types", defines primitive 0-dimensional geometry types.
7)Clause 7, "Curve Types", defines primitive 1-dimensional geometry types.
8)Clause 8, "Surface Types", defines pri mitive 2-dimensional geometry types.
9)Clause 9, "Geometry Collection Types", defines the geometry collection types.
10)Clause 10, "Spatial Reference System Types", defines the user-defined type to manage spatial
referencing systems.
11)Clause 11, "Supp ort Routines", defines supporting functions and procedures used by this part of
ISO/IEC 13249.
12)Clause 12, "Conformance", defines the criteria for conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
13) Clause 13, "Status Codes", defines the SQLSTATE codes used in this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
14)Annex A, "Implementation-defined elements", is an informative Annex. It lists those features for which
the body of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 states that the syntax or meaning or effect on the database is
partly or wholly implementation-defined, and describes the defining information that an implementor
shall provide in each case.
15)Annex B, "Implementation-dependent elements", is an informative Annex. It lists those features for
which the body of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 states explicitly that the meaning or effect on the
database is implementation-dependent.
x
Introduction
ISO/IEC
ãã ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
16) Annex C, "ST_Geometry Type Hierarchy", is an informative Annex. It visually describes the
inheritance relationship between user-defined type in this part of ISO/IEC 13249.
17) Bibliography is the last informative Annex. It is a list of selective reading relating to this part of
ISO/IEC 13249.
In the text of this part of ISO/IEC 13249, Clauses begin a new odd-numbered page, and in Clause 5,
"Geometry Types", through Clause 11, "Support Routines", subclauses begin a new page. Any resulting
blank space is not significant.
Introduction
xi
ISO/IEC
INTERNATIONAL STA NDAR D ãã  ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
Information technology — Database languages —
SQL Multimedia and Application Packages —
Part 3:
Spatial
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 13249:
a)introduces the Spatial part of ISO/IEC 13249,
b)gives the references necessary for this part of ISO/IEC 13249,
c)defines notations and conventions specific to this part of ISO/IEC 13249,
d)defines concepts specific to this part of ISO/IEC 13 249,
e)defines spatial user-defined types and their associated routines.
The spatial user-defined types defined in this part adhere to the following:
— A spatial user-defined type is generic to spatial data handling. It addresses the need to store, manage
and retrieve information based on aspects of spatial data such as geometry, location, and topology.
— A spatial user-defined type does not redefine the database language SQL directly or in combination
with another spatial data type.
Implementations of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 may exist in environments that also support geographic
information, decision support, data mining, and data warehousing systems.
Application areas addressed by implementations of this part of ISO/IEC 13249 include, but are not
restricted to, automated mapping, desktop mapping, facilities management, geoengineering, graphics,
multimedia, and resource management applications.
Scope  1
ISO/IEC
Blank page
ISO/IEC
ãã ISO/IEC 13249-3:1999 (E)
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 13249. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions
of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO/IEC
13249 are encouraged to investigate the possibility o
...