ISO 23016-4:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23016-4
First edition
2023-12
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural
applications —
Part 4:
Test method for evaluating the
number concentration of ultrafine
bubbles (UFB) achieving the
promotion of barley seed germination
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements for UFB water used . 1
5 Basic characteristics of UFB water relevant to promotion of barley seed
[1]
germination . 2
[1]
6 Assessment of the adequacy of UFB number concentration . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Case 1: UFB1 water results in greater promotion effect than UFB2 water . 3
6.3 Case 2: UFB1 and UFB2 waters result in similar promotion effect . 5
6.4 Case 3: UFB1 water results in suppression of germination comparing to UFB2
water . 7
7 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Example of measured data of UFB’s promotion effect on another
variety of barley seed (Ichibanboshi) than that of ‘Yumesakiboshi’ .10
Annex B (informative) Attributes (storage duration and storage temperature) of seeds
that can affect the degree of seed germination .11
Bibliography .12
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Fine bubble (FB) technology is increasingly attracting attention in numerous different fields. In the
agriculture and aquaculture fields, ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) have been widely and practically used to
accelerate the growth of plants and fish (air or oxygen UFBs). However, a lot of cases reported in recent
years are field data, some of which are not supported statistically.
In the light of this situation of scientifically insufficient information on fine bubble technology in
agriculture, this document has been developed to establish standards in this area focusing on a
method to find an adequate number concentration of UFBs demonstrating the effect for promoting the
germination of barley seeds.
A test method for the promotion of the germination of barley seeds has been published as ISO 23016-2
and a guideline of the minimum viable number concentration of UFBs for promoting the germination
of barley seeds has been published as ISO/TR 23016-3. Successive accumulation of data, however,
revealed that a positive/negative effect on germination appears depending on the variety of barley
seed. Therefore, a method to assess the UFB number concentration which assures the promotion of
germination irrespective of variety is needed for popularizing this technology.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23016-4:2023(E)
Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications —
Part 4:
Test method for evaluating the number concentration of
ultrafine bubbles (UFB) achieving the promotion of barley
seed germination
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to assess the ultrafine bubble (UFB) number concentration in order
to find whether the number concentration of UFB generated by users is in the adequate range for
promoting the barley seed germination stably irrespective of seed variety conforming to ISO 23016-2
and ISO/TR 23016-3.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 23016-2:2019, Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 2: Test method for evaluating
the promotion of the germination of barley seeds
ISO/TR 23016-3, Fine bubble technology — Agricultural applications — Part 3: Guidelines for the minimum
viable number concentration of ultrafine bubbles for promoting the germination of barley seeds
ISO 21255, Fine bubble technology — Storage and transportation of ultrafine bubble dispersion in water
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23016-2 and ISO/TR 23016-3
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Requirements for UFB water used
The items subject to the test shall be air UFB water stored in bottles or other containers for preservation
and transport in accordance to ISO 21255, and the UFB generating system used to generate UFB water.
UFB water shall be generated by supplying raw water to the UFB generating system. Distilled water
1)
with a quality of A2 or greater shall be used as raw water according to ISO 23016-2.
The size, quantity and concentration of UFB in UFB water shall be measured. For the generation of air
UFB in water, a pressure dissolution system, whose pressure just after the pressurizing pump is around
700 kPa and that at the saturator is around 300 kPa was used. For measurement, a commercial device
1) Electrical conductivity 0,1 mS/S (25 °C), total organic carbon (TOC) 0,5 mgC/l or less, zinc 0,5 µgZn/l or less,
- 2-
silica 50 µgSiO /l or less, chloride ions µgCl /l, sulfide ions µgSO /l.
2 4
using particle tracking analysis (PTA) was used, whose measuring range is from 50 nm to 1 000 nm,
wave length of laser light source is 635 nm, power is 40 mW, mounted camera is black and white CCD
and analysis software is NTA 3.1 Build 3.1.46. Setting parameters are given in Annex A. Measuring
temperature was at a room temperature around 22 °C.
The UFB generating system shall be capable of supplying the UFB water described in ISO 23016-2.
5 Basic characteristics of UFB water relevant to promotion of barley seed
[1]
germination
Barley seeds of the variety ‘Kobinkatagi’ are used as a baseline example and they are selected according
to the test procedure in ISO 23016-2.
Hollow circles in Figure 1 show the observed germination ratio at each observation time of seeds in
control water (distilled water) and its regression curve (S-curve) is drawn in dashed line by using
ISO 23016-2:2019, Formula (2). In this case, median germination time, T -control, was 16,5 h.
Hollow rectangle, solid diamond, hollow triangle and cross symbols in Figure 1 show the observed
germination ratios at each observation time of which number concentrations of UFB1, UFB2, UFB3 and
8 8 8 8
UFB4 are 8,5×10 /ml, 5,0×10 /ml, 3,8×10 /ml and 1,4×10 /ml and T -UFB1, T -UFB2, T -UFB3 and
50 50 50
T -UFB4 are 13,1 h, 13,7 h, 14,1 h and 14,3 h, respectively. Each of the four regression curves is drawn
in solid line in Figure 1.
These experimental observations indicate that the relationship between T -UFB and T -control is
50 50
given as T -UFB 50 50
when number concentration of UFB is in the adequate range for promoting seed germination. Thus, the
basic characteristics of UFB water appears in the way that the effect o
...