ISO 2144:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2144
Redline version
compares Fifth edition to
Fourth edition
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of residue (ash) on
ignition at 900 °C
Papiers, cartons et pâtes — Détermination du résidu (cendres) après
incinération à 900 °C
Reference number
ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)

IMPORTANT — PLEASE NOTE
This is a mark-up copy and uses the following colour coding:
Text example 1 — indicates added text (in green)
— indicates removed text (in red)
Text example 2
— indicates added graphic figure
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1.x . — Heading numbers containg modifications are highlighted in yellow in
the Table of Contents
All changes in this document have yet to reach concensus by vote and as such should only
be used internally for review purposes.
DISCLAIMER
This Redline version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare the main changes
between this edition of the standard and its previous edition. It doesn’t capture all single
changes such as punctuation but highlights the modifications providing customers with
the most valuable information. Therefore it is important to note that this Redline version is
not the official ISO standard and that the users must consult with the clean version of the
standard, which is the official standard, for implementation purposes.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definition Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sampling and preparation of sample test specimen . 2
7 Procedure. 2
8 Expression of results . 3
9 Precision . 3
10 9 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Precision . 5
Bibliography . 7
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member
bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the
member bodies casting aThe procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval
criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in
accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives vote).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
International StandardThe committee ISO 2144 was prepared by Technical Committeeresponsible
for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality
specifications for paper and board.
This fourthfifth edition cancels and replaces the thirdfourth edition (ISO 2144:19871997), of which it
constitutes a technical revisionwhich has been technically revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)

Introduction
This International Standard, the fourth edition of ISO 2144, differs from the third edition (ISO 2144:1987)
in several respects. The title has been changed from “Paper and board — Determination of ash” to “Paper,
board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 ΥC”. The scope has been widened
from “paper and board” to include pulp as well. Although the wording has been revised, the principle of
determination has not been changed.
The magnitude of the residue on ignition is related to, but not equal to the content of mineral constituents
in the sample. For coated and filled products, the amount of added mineral constituents can only be
calculated from the result if the loss on ignition of the particular pigment used is known. This value
varies from one pigment to another and also between different batches of the same pigment. For China
clay, the residue on ignition at 900 ΥC °C varies from 89 % to 86 % and for calcium carbonate, it is about
56 %. If lower ignition temperatures are used, the corresponding figures will increase, but there is no
guarantee that they will become exactly 100 % at any temperature.
For pulps and other materials without any added minerals, the residue on ignition is a measure of
the amount of unwanted mineral constituents such as silica, silicates, particles of minerals, etc. Some
soluble inorganic constituents such as sodium chloride will escape the determination, whereas sulfates
normally will normally be retained.
The determination is mainly used as a screening test for checking the overall quality of a product, in
many cases against, specifications. The ignition procedure described can be used as a preliminary step
when determining particular mineral constituents.
Pulps —
NOTE—  Determination of residue on ignition at 575525 °C of pulps is described in ISO 1762:1974,
Determination of ash[1]
.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2144:redline:2015(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash)
on ignition at 900 °C
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the determination of the residue on ignition of pulps, papers, and
boards. The standardInternational Standard is applicable to all types of pulp, paper, and board. The
lower limit of the determination is about 0,2 %.
NOTE —  The procedure (Clause 7) requires that at least 10 mg of residue is weighed. The limit stated above
corresponds to a 5 g sample.
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2144
Fifth edition
2015-05-15
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of residue (ash) on
ignition at 900 °C
Papiers, cartons et pâtes — Détermination du résidu (cendres) après
incinération à 900 °C
Reference number
ISO 2144:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 2144:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 2144:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sampling and preparation of test specimen . 2
7 Procedure. 2
8 Expression of results . 3
9 Test report . 3
Annex A (informative) Precision . 4
Bibliography . 6
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 2144:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 2144:1997), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 2144:2015(E)

Introduction
The magnitude of the residue on ignition is related to, but not equal to the content of mineral constituents
in the sample. For coated and filled products, the amount of added mineral constituents can only be
calculated from the result if the loss on ignition of the particular pigment used is known. This value
varies from one pigment to another and also between different batches of the same pigment. For China
clay, the residue on ignition at 900 °C varies from 89 % to 86 % and for calcium carbonate, it is about
56 %. If lower ignition temperatures are used, the corresponding figures will increase, but there is no
guarantee that they will become exactly 100 % at any temperature.
For pulps and other materials without any added minerals, the residue on ignition is a measure of the
amount of unwanted mineral constituents such as silica, silicates, particles of minerals, etc. Some soluble
inorganic constituents such as sodium chloride will escape the determination, whereas sulfates will
normally be retained.
The determination is mainly used as a screening test for checking the overall quality of a product, in
many cases against, specifications. The ignition procedure described can be used as a preliminary step
when determining particular mineral constituents.
[1]
NOTE Determination of residue on ignition at 525 °C of pulps is described in ISO 1762 .
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2144:2015(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash)
on ignition at 900 °C
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the determination of the residue on ignition of pulps, papers, and
boards. The International Standard is applicable to all types of pulp, paper, and board. The lower limit of
the determination is about 0,2 %.
NOTE The procedure (Clause 7) requires that at least 10 mg of residue is weighed. The limit stated above
corresponds to a 5 g sample. If the sample size is increased, this lim
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO 2144:2016
01-maj-2016
3DSLUNDUWRQOHSHQNDLQYODNQLQH'RORþHYDQMHRVWDQNDSHSHODSULVHåLJXSUL
ƒ&
Paper, board and pulps - Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 degrees C
Papiers, cartons et pâtes -- Détermination du résidu (cendres) après incinération à 900
degrés C
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 2144:2015
ICS:
85.040 Vlaknine Pulps
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
oSIST ISO 2144:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO 2144:2016

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oSIST ISO 2144:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2144
Fifth edition
2015-05-15
Paper, board and pulps —
Determination of residue (ash) on
ignition at 900 °C
Papiers, cartons et pâtes — Détermination du résidu (cendres) après
incinération à 900 °C
Reference number
ISO 2144:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

oSIST ISO 2144:2016
ISO 2144:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

oSIST ISO 2144:2016
ISO 2144:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sampling and preparation of test specimen . 2
7 Procedure. 2
8 Expression of results . 3
9 Test report . 3
Annex A (informative) Precision . 4
Bibliography . 6
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

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oSIST ISO 2144:2016
ISO 2144:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 2144:1997), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

oSIST ISO 2144:2016
ISO 2144:2015(E)

Introduction
The magnitude of the residue on ignition is related to, but not equal to the content of mineral constituents
in the sample. For coated and filled products, the amount of added mineral constituents can only be
calculated from the result if the loss on ignition of the particular pigment used is known. This value
varies from one pigment to another and also between different batches of the same pigment. For China
clay, the residue on ignition at 900 °C varies from 89 % to 86 % and for calcium carbonate, it is about
56 %. If lower ignition temperatures are used, the corresponding figures will increase, but there is no
guarantee that they will become exactly 100 % at any temperature.
For pulps and other materials without any added minerals, the residue on ignition is a measure of the
amount of unwanted mineral constituents such as silica, silicates, particles of minerals, etc. Some soluble
inorganic constituents such as sodium chloride will escape the determination, whereas sulfates will
normally be retained.
The determination is mainly used as a screening test for checking the overall quality of a product, in
many cases against, specifications. The ignition procedure described can be used as a preliminary step
when determining particular mineral constituents.
[1]
NOTE Determination of residue on ignition at 525 °C of pulps is described in ISO 1762 .
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

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oSIST ISO 2144:2016

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oSIST ISO 2144:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2144:2015(E)
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 2144
Cinquième édition
2015-05-15
Papiers, cartons et pâtes —
Détermination du résidu (cendres)
après incinération à 900 °C
Paper, board and pulps — Determination of residue (ash) on ignition
at 900 °C
Numéro de référence
ISO 2144:2015(F)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO 2144:2015(F)

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2015
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 2144:2015(F)

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Principe . 1
5 Appareillage . 1
6 Échantillonnage et préparation de la prise d’essai . 2
7 Mode opératoire. 2
8 Expression des résultats. 3
9 Rapport d’essai . 3
Annexe A (informative) Fidélité. 4
Bibliographie . 6
© ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés iii

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ISO 2144:2015(F)

Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne
la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant les
références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de l’élaboration
du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de brevets reçues par
l’ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’OMC
concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos – Informations
supplémentaires.
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pâtes.
Cette cinquième édition annule et remplace la quatrième édition (ISO 2144:1997) qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
iv © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés

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ISO 2144:2015(F)

Introduction
La quantité de résidu après incinération est liée, mais non égale, à la teneur en constituants minéraux
dans l’échantillon. Pour les produits couchés ou contenant des charges, on peut calculer à partir
du résultat la quantité de constituants minéraux introduits, seulement si la perte au feu du pigment
précisément utilisé est connue. Cette valeur varie d’un pigment à l’autre et aussi, pour un même pigment,
d’un lot à l’autre. Pour le kaolin, le résidu après incinération à 900 °C varie de 89 % à 86 % et, pour le
carbonate de calcium, il est d’environ 56 %. Si l’on utilise des températures d’incinération inférieures, les
valeurs correspondantes augmentent, mais il n’y a aucune garantie qu’elles atteignent exactement 100
% à quelque température que ce soit.
Pour les pâtes et autres matières sans minéraux ajoutés, le résidu après incinération est une mesure de
la quantité de constituants minéraux indésirables, tels que silice, silicates, particules de minéraux, etc.
Certains constituants minéraux solubles, comme le chlorure de sodium, vont échapper à la détermination
tandis que les sulfates seront, normalement, conservés.
La détermination est principalement utilisée comme un essai de sélection pour vérifier la qualité globale
d’un produit, dans de nombreux cas par rapport à des spécifications. La procédure d’incinération décrite
peut être utilisée comme étape préliminaire de détermination de constituants minéraux particuliers.
[1]
NOTE La détermination du résidu après incinération à 525 °C des pâtes est décrite dans l’ISO 1762 .
© ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés v

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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 2144:2015(F)
Papiers, cartons et pâtes — Détermination du résidu
(cendres) après incinération à 900 °C
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale décrit la détermination du résidu après incinération des pâtes,
papiers et cartons. Elle est applicable à tous les types de papiers, cartons et pâtes. La limite inférieure de
détermination est d’environ 0,2 %.
NOTE Le mode opératoire (Article 7) requiert de peser au moins 10 mg de résidu. La limite indiquée ci-dessus
correspond à un échantillon de 5 g. Si l’on augmente l’effectif d’échantillon, cette limite peut être abaissée.
2 Références normatives
Les documents ci-après, dans leur intégralité ou non, sont des références normatives indispensables à
l’application du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’ap
...