ISO 16304:2013
(Main)Ships and marine technology - Marine environment protection - Arrangement and management of port waste reception facilities
Ships and marine technology - Marine environment protection - Arrangement and management of port waste reception facilities
ISO 16304:2013 applies to the management of ship generated waste regulated by MARPOL that is discharged at ports and terminals. It also covers principles and issues that should be considered in the development of a port waste management plan (PWMP), its implementation and port reception facilities (PRF) operations. The operation of any PRF is governed by the principles and procedures included in the PWMP. The procedures to operate the PRF and the development of a PWMP are closely linked and therefore are integrated into ISO 16304:2013. ISO 16304:2013 addresses the principles and issues that should be considered in: a) The development of a port waste management strategy; b) The design and operation of PRFs; c) PWMP development, implementation and compliance; and d) PRF management and accountability. ISO 16304:2013 has been designed to be used by ports of any size and capability. It does not give specifics on the size or location of PRFs in each port, but provides a list of principles to be considered and applied to any size or type of port or terminal (e.g. marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil terminal, roll on/roll off terminal, cruise terminal, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). ISO 16304:2013 can also be used by those ports that have entered regional arrangements for the provision of their PRF, or inland ports and marinas, providing that the definition of waste and its management in the national legislation of the facility are referenced accordingly. Many ports already have systems in place that work efficiently; therefore ISO 16304:2013 can be used by ports with existing PRFs as well as new ports or existing ports developing new PRFs.
Navires et technologie maritime β Protection de l'environnement marin β Disposition et gestion des installations portuaires de collecte des dΓ©chets
General Information
Relations
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 16304:2013 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Ships and marine technology - Marine environment protection - Arrangement and management of port waste reception facilities". This standard covers: ISO 16304:2013 applies to the management of ship generated waste regulated by MARPOL that is discharged at ports and terminals. It also covers principles and issues that should be considered in the development of a port waste management plan (PWMP), its implementation and port reception facilities (PRF) operations. The operation of any PRF is governed by the principles and procedures included in the PWMP. The procedures to operate the PRF and the development of a PWMP are closely linked and therefore are integrated into ISO 16304:2013. ISO 16304:2013 addresses the principles and issues that should be considered in: a) The development of a port waste management strategy; b) The design and operation of PRFs; c) PWMP development, implementation and compliance; and d) PRF management and accountability. ISO 16304:2013 has been designed to be used by ports of any size and capability. It does not give specifics on the size or location of PRFs in each port, but provides a list of principles to be considered and applied to any size or type of port or terminal (e.g. marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil terminal, roll on/roll off terminal, cruise terminal, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). ISO 16304:2013 can also be used by those ports that have entered regional arrangements for the provision of their PRF, or inland ports and marinas, providing that the definition of waste and its management in the national legislation of the facility are referenced accordingly. Many ports already have systems in place that work efficiently; therefore ISO 16304:2013 can be used by ports with existing PRFs as well as new ports or existing ports developing new PRFs.
ISO 16304:2013 applies to the management of ship generated waste regulated by MARPOL that is discharged at ports and terminals. It also covers principles and issues that should be considered in the development of a port waste management plan (PWMP), its implementation and port reception facilities (PRF) operations. The operation of any PRF is governed by the principles and procedures included in the PWMP. The procedures to operate the PRF and the development of a PWMP are closely linked and therefore are integrated into ISO 16304:2013. ISO 16304:2013 addresses the principles and issues that should be considered in: a) The development of a port waste management strategy; b) The design and operation of PRFs; c) PWMP development, implementation and compliance; and d) PRF management and accountability. ISO 16304:2013 has been designed to be used by ports of any size and capability. It does not give specifics on the size or location of PRFs in each port, but provides a list of principles to be considered and applied to any size or type of port or terminal (e.g. marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil terminal, roll on/roll off terminal, cruise terminal, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). ISO 16304:2013 can also be used by those ports that have entered regional arrangements for the provision of their PRF, or inland ports and marinas, providing that the definition of waste and its management in the national legislation of the facility are referenced accordingly. Many ports already have systems in place that work efficiently; therefore ISO 16304:2013 can be used by ports with existing PRFs as well as new ports or existing ports developing new PRFs.
ISO 16304:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.020.99 - Other standards related to environmental protection. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 16304:2013 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 16304:2018. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO 16304:2013 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16304
First edition
2013-03-15
Ships and marine technology β
Marine environment protection β
Arrangement and management of port
waste reception facilities
Navires et technologie maritime β Protection de lβenvironnement
marin β Disposition et gestion des installations portuaires de
collecte des dΓ©chets
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2013
Β© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOβs member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 β’ CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Waste management strategy elements . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Administrative and legal matters . 3
4.3 Technology . 3
4.4 Infrastructure and support services. 3
5 Design and operation of PRFs . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Port characteristics . 4
5.3 Types. 5
5.4 Waste characteristics . 5
5.5 Design capacity . 6
5.6 Waste handling capabilities . 6
5.7 Participation in segregation, recycling or disposal programs . 7
6 Port waste management plan (PWMP) . 7
6.1 Key elements in the development of a PWMP . 8
6.2 Legislation and regulatory considerations . 9
6.3 Port structure and administration .10
6.4 Official responsibilities .11
6.5 Waste management .12
6.6 Cost recovery system β Financial considerations .13
6.7 Data collection and monitoring .14
6.8 Pre- and ongoing consultation .15
6.9 Dissemination of information related to the PRF .15
6.10 Additional documentation .16
7 Publication and implementation .16
7.1 Implementation .17
7.2 PWMP review .17
7.3 Periodic auditing .17
Annex A (normative) Examples of waste streams originating from ships .18
Annex B (normative) Waste conversion factors .22
Bibliography .23
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 2, Marine environment protection.
iv Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
Introduction
The development of adequate Port Reception Facilities (PRFs) for ship generated waste and cargo
residues is a major element in the management of each of the shipboard waste streams covered by the
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of
1978 relating thereto (MARPOL) Annex 1 to VI, as amended, excluding Annex III (packaged dangerous
goods). MARPOL requires that Party States ensure the provision of adequate reception facilities in
ports to receive these wastes. Parties to MARPOL are encouraged to develop implementing legislation
1)
and should consider incorporating regional and intergovernmental legislation. However, due to
operational, ownership, geographic, and legislative differences in ports, there is a large disparity in how
operations are conducted. In order to overcome some of the major issues, IMO, through its Flag State
Implementation (FSI) Subcommittee developed an action programme to tackle the inadequacy of port
reception facilities.
This International Standard provides a method for addressing ship generated waste and cargo residues
from when it is delivered from the ship to how it is managed ashore. The provision, operation and use
of PRFs are inherently linked, so this International Standard addresses the design of the PRFs, and their
operation and management. It is designed to be used by ports and terminals with existing PRFs which
aim to refine their systems; it is also to be used by new ports and terminals that are developing PRFs.
To obtain the most efficient management of waste and to reduce the time and resource burden in
segregating and handling waste in the ports, the concept of waste minimization has been integrated
into this International Standard by incorporating the following basic principle:
β’ For waste generated aboard a vessel:
βPrevention before recycling before energy recovery before disposalβ
β’ Once the waste is landed ashore:
βAvoidance before reduction before reuse before recycling before incineration with energy recovery
before disposalβ
Ship owners and operators, cargo owners, and port and terminal owners and operators, along with
governments, are aware of the importance of well organized and managed waste collection, especially
with respect to health and safety onboard ships and at ports and terminals. It has been acknowledged
at the IMO that standard methodologies for waste management both onboard ships and ashore at PRFs
2)
would harmonize practices and ensure a smooth delivery of ship generated waste to shore-side facilities.
The parties to the Basel Convention also support the development of this International Standard and
have requested the Secretariat to continue its cooperation with ISO with the objective of including the
Basel Convention requirements of waste minimization and environmentally sound management in this
International Standard.
ISO has published ISO 21070, which provides a methodology for ships to segregate their garbage, Thus,
port facilities worldwide may therefore expect a certain level of segregated ship generated waste.
However, ISO 21070 cannot work alone and needs to be complemented by a parallel International
Standard for reception of the waste. This International Standard assists in the planning for the provision
of an appropriate PRF.
Many ports and terminals have invested much in achieving ISO 14001 Environmental Management
Systems accreditation. This International Standard is also meant to complement ISO 14001 by adding
a port component which extends the principles of ISO 14001 to shipsβ waste management in ports. It
provides a specific methodology that any port, harbour, terminal or marina can apply to the planning,
development and operation of its PRF. This International Standard can be incorporated easily into
1) An example of intergovernmental legislation is βDirective 2000/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 27 November 2000 on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residuesβ. Regional
arrangements between countries or ports to jointly provide facilities have also been agreed.
2) This has been reflected in the FSI Action Programme, Work Item 3.2 βEquipment/Technology β Standardize
garbage segregation requirements and containment identification.β
other plans for achieving ISO 14001 accreditation, as an extension that focuses on PRFs. Conversely,
the processes put in place during the preparations for ISO 14001 accreditation will assist in meeting
the development of a holistic Port Waste Management Plan (PWMP) under this International Standard.
vi Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16304:2013(E)
Ships and marine technology β Marine environment
protection β Arrangement and management of port waste
reception facilities
1 Scope
Parties to MARPOL are obligated as Port States to ensure that port reception facilities (PRFs) adequate
to meet the needs of the ships using them without causing undue delay are provided at their ports
and terminals. MARPOL does not seek to regulate the management of ship generated waste at ports
and terminals beyond the reception facility requirement. However, ports and terminals must observe
any national and regional regulations. While these regulations exceed the scope of MARPOL, the IMO
recognizes the need to manage ship generated waste at ports and terminals as part of an environmentally
sound management approach for avoiding, minimizing and eliminating pollution from ships.
This International Standard applies to the management of ship generated waste regulated by MARPOL
that is discharged at ports and terminals. It also covers principles and issues that should be considered
in the development of a port waste management plan (PWMP), its implementation and PRF operations.
The operation of any PRF is governed by the principles and procedures included in the PWMP. The
procedures to operate the PRF and the development of a PWMP are closely linked and therefore are
integrated into this International Standard.
This International Standard addresses the principles and issues that should be considered in:
β’ The development of a port waste management strategy;
β’ The design and operation of PRFs;
β’ PWMP development, implementation and compliance; and
β’ PRF management and accountability.
This International Standard has been designed to be used by ports of any size and capability. It does not
give specifics on the size or location of PRFs in each port, but provides a list of principles to be considered
and applied to any size or type of port or terminal (e.g. marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil
terminal, roll on/roll off terminal, cruise terminal, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship
repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). This International Standard can also be used by
those ports that have entered into regional arrangements for the provision of their PRF, or inland ports
and marinas, providing that the definition of waste and its management in the national legislation of
the facility are referenced accordingly. Many ports already have systems in place that work efficiently;
therefore this International Standard can be used by ports with existing PRFs as well as new ports or
existing ports developing new PRFs.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21070:2011, Ships and marine technology β Marine environment protection β Management and
handling of shipboard garbage
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
adequacy
meeting the needs of ships normally calling at the port, without providing ships with a disincentive
to use them, without causing undue delays, and contributing to the protection of the environment
[IMO Circular 671]
3.2
cargo residues
remnants of any cargo material on board which remain on the deck or in cargo holds or tanks following
loading and unloading, including loading and unloading excess or spillage, whether in wet or dry
conditions or entrained in wash water
Note 1 to entry: Does not include dust remaining on the deck after sweeping or dust on the external surfaces of the ship.
3.3
energy recovery
energy reclamation from waste before final disposal
3.4
port
place or geographical area consisting of infrastructure and equipment as to permit, principally, the
reception of ships, including fishing vessels and recreational craft, for the loading or unloading of
passengers, cargo, stores, equipment, fuel, fish from commercial or sport fishing, or for repairs or
berthing or other related activities
3.5
port administration
public or private organization with the responsibility for the operation of the port
3.6
port authority
organization, either private or governmental, that manages the operations of a port, in whole or part
Note 1 to entry: Port authorities may have complete or limited jurisdiction within a geographic region.
3.7
port reception facility
PRF
any facility operating in a port, which is fixed, floating or mobile and capable of receiving ship generated
waste or cargo residues in a way consistent with national, regional and local requirements
3.8
quarantine waste
any solid or liquid waste determined by national, regional or local legislation to require special handling,
segregation, management and final disposal due to its potential to spread disease or plant and animal pests
3.9
recreational craft
boat or ship of any type, regardless of means of propulsion, that is intended for non-commercial sport
or leisure purposes
3.10
ship
sea-going vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment, including hydrofoil boats,
air cushion vehicles, submersibles, floating craft, and fixed or floating platforms
[MARPOL Annex V]
Note 1 to entry: Ships may call at inland ports.
2 Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
3.11
ship generated waste and residue
all wastes and cargo residues which are generated during the normal operation of a ship and fall under
the scope of Annexes I, II, IV, V and VI to MARPOL
Note 1 to entry: Hazardous Waste may also be generated in the event of breakage and subsequent spillage of
Annex III packaged cargos.
3.12
terminal
specific and distinct cargo or passenger loading and unloading facility for ships
3.13
waste recovery
reuse, recycling, reclamation or treatment of waste for reuse
4 Waste management strategy elements
4.1 General
There are three main components of any waste management strategy: administrative and legal matters;
3)
technology; and infrastructure and support services.
4.2 Administrative and legal matters
Many nations have implemented legislation, policies and national waste management strategies
that govern the management of waste at PRFs, including ship generated waste. Such legislation must
be considered when developing a port waste management strategy as it will determine the level of
compliance that must be maintained. Additional requirements such as the need for licensing and/or
approvals, and waste tracking and documentation must also be considered.
The best possible environmental solution for waste recovery and disposal should be identified. Waste
management targets adopted by the national administration for ports within its jurisdiction should be
included in the development of waste management strategies. If there are no such targets, then the port
should consider developing them.
4.3 Technology
Waste management technology that is current and suitable should be employed. The technology
considered as part of the waste management strategy should reflect the most current state of waste
management techniques. However, the focus is shifting toward recycling and reclamation of waste,
versus disposal (see 6.5). Thus, the waste management strategy should recognize and promote
alternative methods of waste management that harness the benefits of new and emerging technologies.
4.4 Infrastructure and support services
The waste management strategy must be developed in an effective way with an awareness of the
infrastructure and support services not only throughout the port or terminal, but also beyond those
physical limits. There must be in place suitable waste transport organizations, recycling facilities,
treatment facilities, and if necessary, final disposal sites. These treatment and disposal facilities may
or may not be located within the port. Waste management strategies should also incorporate proactive
mechanisms to inform and educate those having an interest in using the PRFs.
3) International Maritime Organization, 1999
5 Design and operation of PRFs
5.1 General
The types and number of ships normally calling at the port and the nature of operations must be
considered. PRFs for relevant wastes need to be available without causing undue delay to ships or
imposing economic or other disincentives for their use, such as prohibiting waste offload at a specific pier
during cargo handling for safety reasons. Reference to the PWMP will provide options for waste stream
collection and handling, and this, combined with the calculated PRF capacity, provides a foundation
for the PRF design. However, for those waste volumes that could be anticipated to fluctuate widely
over different periods, the provision of PRFs should be adapted appropriately. The system designed to
support and operate a PRF should take into account the following core components.
5.2 Port characteristics
5.2.1 Spatial and siting requirements
4)
The location of PRFs should be βconvenientβ and not be a disincentive to use. The location must be
suitable and sufficient to allow easy and safe use that does not impose an undue delay upon the ship.
Siting considerations should include an awareness of the impact on other port operations as well as the
public areas surrounding the port or terminal.
Larger ports and terminals may require higher capacities or more diverse capabilities. Construction of
a new port or terminal may offer greater flexibility in design as opposed to making improvements to an
existing PRF.
Regardless of the type of PRF that is chosen, the port or terminal geography and layout must be
considered as part of the design phase. The best way to collect each waste stream throughout the port
or at the terminal must be determined. In a compact port with large berths, garbage waste disposal bins
on each quay or a direct transfer to the waste handler could be implemented. However, in certain other
port configurations, it may be better to collect waste by barge. If the port is lock-bound, waste can be
landed upon entry or exit at the lock.
A port or terminal with expansive space to increase operations in the future may see a rise in shipping
waste volumes. This may drive a need to consider providing excess capability during PRF planning
activities so as not to limit future port or terminal expansion activities.
5.2.2 Types of cargo handled within the port or by the terminal
Multiple MARPOL waste reception facilities may be required. Ports or terminals that receive ships with
diverse cargoes that could produce cargo residues, such as oil and noxious liquid substances, would
create unique waste handling challenges.
5.2.3 PRF service providers
Companies that are licensed or otherwise certified or approved to provide waste handling services
should be identified and verified by the port administration or port authority. Effective port waste
management goes beyond the act of receiving waste from ships. Good downstream waste management
supports the intent and purpose of having PRFs.
5.2.4 External factors
Extreme weather conditions or extreme tidal cycles may make it difficult to access PRF services or
hinder the operation of traditional waste handling equipment.
4) International Maritime Organization, 1999
4 Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
5.3 Types
5.3.1 General
The type of PRF can vary between ports and terminals and is determined after assessing the
different options.
5.3.2 Floating
The use of barges may have distinct advantages, as they are relatively mobile, typically have sufficient
capacity to service multiple ships, and can receive most wastes. Their shallow draught allows for access
in most port and terminal areas. However, sea state limitations may prevent floating reception facilities
from operating at all times. Additionally, there is an added element of risk when transferring waste to
a floating PRF, especially those containing oily or noxious liquid mixtures, or in ports and terminals
where ship traffic is heavy and continuous in volume.
5.3.3 Mobile
Vehicle-borne PRFs offer speed and flexibility, particularly with respect to smaller ports, terminals or
marinas. However, the capacity of vehicles such as tank trucks and traditional over-the-road garbage
collection trucks may be a limiting factor when servicing large ships. This may mean a smaller number
of ships can be serviced before the vehicle is full. This can cause delays and increase congestion in the
already very busy ports and terminals. Furthermore, certain areas may be off limits to third party waste
collection organizations due to either safety and/or security concerns, or both.
5.3.3.1 Other considerations
Temporary placement of containers or collection bins that are dropped off via truck and picked up at a
later date, after the container/bin is full, may be an option.
5.3.4 Fixed
The use of fixed PRFs might be the preferred route for locations where terminals operate their PRFs
independently. Centralized PRF arrangements (e.g. at or near frequently used locks) may be considered,
however, it should be recognized that such arrangements could increase the burden on ships due to
scheduling requirements. In cases where specialized PRFs are needed, such as those for oily or noxious
liquid mixtures, having distinct and separate PRFs at each terminal might be the best option. This
arrangement will ensure that the ships having business with those terminals are provided with the
appropriate type of reception facility services.
5.4 Waste characteristics
5.4.1 General
All types of ship generated waste that will be received and handled at the port or terminal must be
determined. Failure to consider certain waste streams may limit the future potential of the port or
terminal. Wastes may be delivered by ships in many different forms, from single compound waste
streams such as oil, sewage or segregated waste, to mixed waste streams such as garbage. Ship generated
wastes are discussed in 6.7.
NOTE See Table A.1 for a listing of waste streams and treatment options.
5.4.2 Other considerations
a) Not all waste streams will necessarily be produced by every ship or be discharged in every port.
Additionally, in some circumstances ships may need or wish to discharge waste, such as food
waste and non-harmful cargo residues that could be discharges into the sea under the provisions
of MARPOL but due to operations, company policy, or other considerations, the master of the ship
chooses to discharge these wastes ashore. Therefore, the PRF should consider these additional
waste streams.
b) Ports may also have to take into account any local, national or regional legislation and guidance that
requires vessels to deliver all of their waste, or part of their waste prior to departure.
c) Special national legislative considerations may have to be taken into account when receiving ships
on international voyages as opposed to domestic voyages (such as food waste or quarantine waste).
d) Where applicable, in cases where ship generated wastes and cargo residues are considered βhazardous
wastesβ or βother wastesβ under the Basel Convention, the requirement for environmentally sound
management should be taken into account.
5.5 Design capacity
5.5.1 General
The design of a PRF should be based on the number and types of ships calling on the port. The basic PRF
capacity needed in the port or terminal, per waste stream or per ship type, can be calculated based on
the expected or most probable level of traffic in the port.
5.5.2 Existing ports
For existing ports and terminals the level/quantities of waste received in previous years can be used to
determine PRF capacity. Additionally, if there is any anticipated change in traffic, legislation or waste
management technology, then the initial figures may have to be modified.
5.5.3 New ports or terminals
When designing a new port or terminal or redesigning an existing port to handle new business, or
larger or different types of ships, a calculation of waste reception facility capacity must be made using
estimates of the expected vessel traffic. Calculations should take into consideration the number and
frequency of port calls for each type of vessel and the expected wastes that are generated aboard those
vessels based on the type and size of vessel and cargo(es) handed (volumes or tonnes), the crew size, the
number of passengers (if any), the average length of the voyages for inbound ships, and whether the port
is a loading or unloading port or a combination.
If no data are available for a new port, the information could be obtained from other ports with
similar traffic.
NOTE Annex A of ISO 21070:2011 provides information on calculation of the expected amounts of
(Annex V) wastes.
5.6 Waste handling capabilities
5.6.1 Adequacy
A fundamental consideration is to determine the waste handling capabilities needed in order to be
considered adequate (see 3.1.).
5.6.2 Accessibility and suitability
Suitable PRF equipment for all waste streams must be easily accessible by the ship. PRF equipment that
is difficult to use and poorly arranged may create a disincentive for ships to properly dispose of their
waste while at the port or terminal.
6 Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
5.6.3 Waste handling equipment
There is a variety of equipment that can be used to collect, store and in some cases, treat the different
waste streams collected at ports and terminals. The equipment selected must be suitable for the type
and quantity of waste.
Inadequate space at the berth to support waste handling equipment and its use must be avoided as
it may compromise the safety of the PRF and ship personnel, create the risk for discharges into the
environment and possibly create a disincentive for proper waste disposal.
5.6.4 Storage
Consideration must also be given to the period of time the port or terminal could store the ship generated
waste on-site. Lengthy storage of waste should be avoided, as it can create stress on the supporting
infrastructure and impact the waste handling services for future ships. It may also affect the health and
safety of workers and the environment if stored waste quantities exceed storage capacities. PRFs that
do not plan to arrange for routine waste removal services must ensure that waste storage receptacles
of sufficient capacity and quantity are provided. Conversely, PRFs that are serviced frequently may not
need to have large capacity waste storage receptacles.
5.7 Participation in segregation, recycling or disposal programs
5.7.1 General
The provision for waste segregation may lead to increased participation in recycling programs. In order
for this to be successful, segregated waste should remain segregated until the final treatment. Many
PRFs can be conveniently arranged to accommodate recycling and other waste management services.
Additionally, ships that implement ISO 21070 will have waste segregation procedures that will make
operations at the PRF and downstream waste management easier.
5.7.2 Recycling capabilities
Recycling is a process where materials, which are otherwise destined for final disposal, are collected,
processed or reprocessed, and then reused. These materials all have useful chemical or physical
properties after having served their original purpose.
5.7.3 Final disposal
Final disposal of wastes should be viewed as a last option to be exercised only after alternatives have
been exploited, including energy recovery from wastes, and deemed unattainable. Several options for
final disposal exist, and the benefits and drawbacks should be considered and documented in the port
or terminalβs waste management strategy.
6 Port waste management plan (PWMP)
Ports and terminals must, at a minimum provide PRFs for MARPOL wastes (see 3.11). As such, the
PWMP takes into account the national waste management strategy and defines how and by whom waste
is collected at a port and/or terminal. This is necessary as waste streams received from ships calling
on ports and terminals must be dealt with in an environmentally and economically sound manner.
Developing and following a reasonable waste management strategy will ensure that all parties involved
in the generation, reception and transfer of waste abide by practices and standards that not only serve
to protect the health and quality of the environment and public, but also ensure compliance with local,
national and international laws and treaties.
6.1 Key elements in the development of a PWMP
There are five major elements to consider in the provision of PWMP. They are:
β’ The development,
β’ Its publication,
β’ Its implementation,
β’ Enforcement of delivery of ship-generated waste and cargo residues by competent authorities, and
β’ Monitoring of the plan to ensure that all parties, including ships and facility providers are adhering
to the plan, the plan is and remains fit for use and the reception facilities are adequate.
The development of a PWMP is the planning stage for the eventual provision of a PRF and is the most
crucial and time consuming part of the process. First, the port should consider what waste reception
services they should provide and exactly how they can provide them. The PWMP needs to be developed
to manage the different waste streams generated onboard a ship in an efficient and environmentally
sound manner without causing undue delay to ships or cause disincentives to shipping. A PWMP can
be developed in-house, or by a consultant, but nevertheless it has to be transparent, auditable, include
provisions for consultation with the stakeholders and fulfil all legal requirements within the national
legislation of the port. It should identify the major principles of waste minimization, management and
disposal, while ensuring the health, safety and security concerns of the port or terminal user. The
PWMP should also result in the development of a formal plan that must be consulted upon, approved (if
necessary) and used as the day to day manual for the management and operation of the PRF.
The PWMP should include relevant information on the following key areas outlining pertinent procedures
and management measures, as appropriate:
β’ An analysis of the relevant legislation, the international, regional, national and local waste
management structure that the PWMP fits into, including the official responsibilities of the
port owners/operators and other relevant parties under national waste laws and the different
governmental administrations involved in controlling the management of ship generated waste;
β’ Geographical and administrative scope of the PWMP;
β’ Official responsibilities within the management and operation of the PRF within the port;
β’ An assessment of the need for PRFs (see 5.1);
β’ A description of the cost recovery system;
5)
β’ Procedures for how to report and take action on alleged inadequacies of PRFs;
6)
β’ Explanation of reporting and notification procedures for ship generated waste;
β’ A description of the method for recording the amounts of wastes received;
β’ Procedures for ongoing consultations with organisations representing the port or terminal users;
waste contractors, and other stakeholders, including a description of how the essential information
will be made available to the public (e.g. shipping agents and other relevant stakeholders);
β’ Review, refinement (corrective and preventive) actions and/or auditing; and
β’ Enforcement measures.
5) International Maritime Organization, 2007
6) International Maritime Organization, 2007
8 Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
Each plan will take into account the specific nature of the port or terminal and its users. This is then
7)
outlined in a formal plan which is implemented after consultation with the users of the port.
6.2 Legislation and regulatory considerations
6.2.1 Applicable laws and regulations
Before any PWMP or PRF can be developed or established, there needs to be an analysis of the
international, regional, national and local legislation that controls waste and waste generated on ships,
and that analysis should be included in the PWMP. National legislation will, at a minimum, reflect
the international requirements of MARPPOL. However, this legislation is also likely to set out the
responsibilities, legal processes, waste management options and procedures that the port will have to
comply with. Issues to specifically note include, but are not limited to:
β’ Responsibility for developing a PWMP;
β’ The procedure for approval of the PWMP;
β’ The procedures to keep the plan up-to-date and valid;
β’ The duty of care responsibilities for the port with respect to waste management, waste transfer and
waste handling;
β’ Recovery and disposal regulations for different waste types;
β’ Licensing and other requirements for the transfer, storage and the disposal of the waste; and
β’ Requirements for the payment of fees, if applicable.
Strict compliance with local and national legislation is critical when considering the design of PRFs
to ensure that they are both adequate and legally sufficient. The design of PRFs must be based in part
on the principle that ships using PRFs will not be subject to disincentives to properly dispose of their
wastes. The following areas should also be examined:
β’ The existence of a waste management strategy for the port or terminal;
β’ Special rules regarding health, safety, security and the environment; and
β’ The port or terminalβs experience with waste management.
Parties to MARPOL have a responsibility to ensure the provision of port reception facilities at their
8)
ports and terminals, depending on the nature of their operation. Prospective wastes, as defined in the
Annexes to MARPOL include:
β Oily wastes
β Noxious liquid substances in bulk
β Sewage
β Garbage
β Residues from exhaust gas cleaning systems and ozone depleting substances
7) International Maritime Organization, 2009
8) Refer to the MARPOL Annexes for regulations pertaining to each waste type.
6.3 Port structure and administration
The first issue to consider is the scope of the PWMP and what it will cover. Ports or terminals may
join together in one plan to provide more efficient waste management services. The scope of the plan
depends on the following factors:
β’ The official responsibilities placed on the ports or terminals;
β’ The type and size of the port;
β’ The geographical spread of these facilities and the geographical layout of the port;
β’ Types of facilities within the port;
β’ If, in terms of cost to shipping and economies of scale, whether or not these port facilities should
have their own PWMP; and
β’ Relationships and interfaces with, and agreements between, adjacent and nearby ports and port
facilities.
The port owner/management must analyse the makeup of the port or terminal and decide on the most
appropriate way to handle ship generated waste. A port may decide that certain terminals must have
their own PWMP, include all terminals in one PWMP or have a hybrid system. This may depend on the
relevant national legislation which may identify the responsible party for creating and running a PWMP
and depending on this, the PWMP developed may have many options as outlined in Table 1.
10 Β© ISO 2013 β All rights reserved
Table 1 β Examples of different options in PWMP planning
Potential PWMP
Port structure Comments
The PWMP covers all PRF in all port facilities
One port One PWMP
throughout the port.
One port with discrete terminals/
port facilities contracted to other
The PWMP brings together independently devel-
companies (container, bulk, oil,
One PWMP oped and run plans for each terminal/port facility
cruise, etc.) or forming port facilities
in one volume.
for one type of ship (fishing vessel
berths or marinas)
One port with discrete terminals/
port facilities contracted to other Each discrete terminal or port facility has an inde-
companies (container, bulk, oil, pendently developed and run PWMP. Efficiency of
Many PWMPs
cruise, etc.) or forming port facilities size and economies of scale depend on the size of
for one type of ship (fishing vessel the port facility and the traffic visiting it.
berths or marinas)
The PWMP brings together any independently run
One port with one or two discrete
plans for each terminal as a discrete section in the
terminals contracted to other compa- One PWMP
PWMP, and also provides an overarching PWMP
nies (container, bulk, oil, etc.)
for the other port facilities in the port.
Each discrete terminal has an independently
One port with one or two discrete
developed and run PWMP, with the other port
terminals contracted to other compa- Many PWMPs
facilities in the port covered by a separate over-
nies (container, bulk, oil, etc.)
arching PWMP.
One PWMP is produced to cover two ports or port
facilities that are inherently linked by trade or
One PWMP
geographic proximity to provide efficiency of size
and economies of sc
...
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π ISO
Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ 16304
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
2013-03-15
Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Ships and marine technology β Marine environment protection β
Arrangement and management of port waste reception facilities
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ GOST R
(Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ) Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΉ 18.1 Π£ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ISO
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Β©
ISO 2013
ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠ©ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ
Β© ISO 2013
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ISO ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ISO Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅
Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 β’ CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ii Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ .iv
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ .v
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ .2
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ .2
4 ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².4
4.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ .4
4.2 ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.4
4.3 Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ .4
4.4 ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ.4
5 ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.4
5.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ .4
5.2 Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° .5
5.3 Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ.6
5.4 Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² .6
5.5 ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.7
5.6 ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ .7
5.7 Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² .8
6 ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP) .9
6.1 ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP).9
6.2 ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ .10
6.3 Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°.11
6.4 ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.13
6.5 ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² .13
6.6 Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ. Π€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ.14
6.7 Π‘Π±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³.16
6.8 ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ .17
6.9 Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ .17
6.10 ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.17
7 ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.18
7.1 ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.18
7.2 ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP .19
7.3 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ.19
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A (Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² .20
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ B (Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅) ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² .24
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.25
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½, Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ
ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. Π§ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ISO
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC).
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ
Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ISO/IEC, Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. Π ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ISO Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ISO/IEC,
Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. www.iso.org/directives
ΠΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°. ISO Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π², ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ISO. www.iso.org/patents
ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ.
ΠΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ISO/TC 8, Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ SC 2, ΠΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
iv Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (PRFs) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², 1973 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
(MARPOL), ΠΈΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΉ 1978 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ 1 ΠΏΠΎ VI Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°
ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ III (ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ·Ρ). ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ MARPOL ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ
Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
, Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
,
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΠΠ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π°Π³Π° (FSI) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅,
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ.
ΠΠ½ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°:
β’ ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°:
βΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈβ
β’ ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°Π· Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³:
βΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈβ
Π‘ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. Π ΠΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π½Π°
Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ°Π·Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π‘Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ISO Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°Π·Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ.
ISO ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ISO 21070, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ "ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π° 2000/59/EC ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΎΡ 27 Π½ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡ 2000 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²". Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ FSI, Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 3.2 "ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅/Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ β
Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ².'
ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ISO 21070 Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ISO 14001. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° ISO 14001, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ISO 14001 Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ½
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ, Π³Π°Π²Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠ± Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ISO 14001 Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ISO 14001,
Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP),
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ.
vi Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ ISO 16304:2013(R)
Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.
Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²
ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (PRFs) Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ MARPOL Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ.
ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ MARPOL, ΠΠΠ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ MARPOL, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ½ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP), Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ:
β’ Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ;
β’ ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
β’ Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP; ΠΈ
β’ ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±, ΡΡΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ,
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π», Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π», ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΡΠΎ-ΡΠΎ, ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π», ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π», ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» Π½Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»). ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ,
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ
Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ
Π½Π΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ).
ISO 21070:2011, Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π£ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ°
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ISO 9000:2005, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅.
3.1
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
adequacy
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ
[Π¦ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡ IMO 671]
3.2
Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
cargo residues
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π° Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: ΠΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ»Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°.
3.3
ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
energy recovery
ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
3.4
ΠΏΠΎΡΡ
port
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²,
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
3.5
Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
port administration
Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
3.6
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
port authority
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°.
2 Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
3.7
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
port reception facility
PRF
Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ,
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ
3.8
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
quarantine waste
Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
3.9
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ
recreational craft
Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΡ
Π°
3.10
ΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ
ship
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡ
, Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΊΠ΅,
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ
[MARPOL ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ V]
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: Π‘ΡΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ.
3.11
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ
ship generated waste and residue
Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ I, II, IV, V ΠΈ VI ΠΊ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅: ΠΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°
ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ III.
3.12
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»
terminal
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
3.13
ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
waste recovery
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
4 ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
4.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠ±Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°: Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ.
4.2 ΠΠ΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ
ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
4.3 Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠΌ. 6.5). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π°
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ.
4.4 ΠΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ
Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ± Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ,
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ
Π²Π½Π΅ Π΅Π΅. Π‘ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
5 ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
5.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ
Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Ρ ΠΈ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π°
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² PWMP ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΠΠ, 1999
4 Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ.
5.2 Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
5.2.1 Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ βΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌβ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°.
Π‘ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ,
Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°.
ΠΠ΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ. Π ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π² ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°ΡΠΆΠΈ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» Π½Π°
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠ·Π°.
ΠΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ,
ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°.
5.2.2 ΠΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅
ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ MARPOL ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
5.2.3 ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
5.2.4 ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, 1999
5.3 Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ
5.3.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π’ΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
5.3.2 ΠΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠΈΠ΅
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΠΆ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ,
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡ
Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ,
ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²
Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅.
5.3.3 ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²,
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
.
5.3.3.1 ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
5.3.4 Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π³Π΄Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ,
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
5.4 Π₯Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
5.4.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΡΡΠΎΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² 6.7.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΌ. Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΡ A.1, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ.
6 Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
5.4.2 ΠΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ
a) ΠΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ
Π±Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌ MARPOL, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
b) ΠΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π° ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°.
c) ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ).
d) ΠΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ βΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈβ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ βΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈβ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π·Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ
Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
5.5 ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
5.5.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ.
5.5.2 Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ/ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ.
5.5.3 ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°,
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠ·Π°(ΠΎΠ²) (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ), ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΆΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ),
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° (ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ,
ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ).
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A ISO 21070:2011 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ V).
5.6 ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
5.6.1 Π‘ΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
Π€ΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠΌ. 3.1).
5.6.2 ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°.
5.6.3 ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ, Π²
Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π½Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ
Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
5.6.4 Π₯ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅. Π‘
Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
5.7 Π£ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
5.7.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΡΠΎ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ
ISO 21070, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
5.7.2 ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°.
5.7.3 ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°.
8 Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
6 ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP)
ΠΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²,
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ MARPOL (ΡΠΌ. 3.11). ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅. ΠΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ,
Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ.
6.1 ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (PWMP)
Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP.
ΠΡΠΎ:
β’ Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°,
β’ ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅,
β’ ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅,
β’ Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈ
β’ ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½
Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ. Π‘Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π² Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°,
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ,
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π²
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅. ΠΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½, ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ (ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ) ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠΌ,
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°:
β’ ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²/ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²;
β’ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP;
β’ ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡ;
β’ ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
(ΡΠΌ. 5.1);
β’ ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ;
β’ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ;
β’ Π Π°Π·ΡΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²;
β’ ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²;
β’ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ,
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ);
β’ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅) Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ; ΠΈ
β’ ΠΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°.
6.2 ΠΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
6.2.1 ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅,
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½
ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ:
β’ ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP;
β’ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP;
β’ ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅;
β’ ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°,
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ;
β’ Π Π΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²;
β’ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²; ΠΈ
β’ Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½
Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Π°, ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ:
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, 2007
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, 2007
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, 2009
10 Β© ISO 2013 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
β’ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°;
β’ Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ; ΠΈ
β’ ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ MARPOL Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ:
β ΠΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
β Π’ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
β Π‘ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
β ΠΡΡΠΎΡ
β ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°.
6.3 Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP. ΠΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²:
β’ ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
;
β’ Π’ΠΈΠΏ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°;
β’ ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°;
β’ Π’ΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°;
β’ ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP; ΠΈ
β’ Π‘Π²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Ρ/ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ,
ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ Π²
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° PWMP ΠΈ, Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ PWMP ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 1.
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ MARPOL Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...