ISO 8124-1:2014

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8124-1
Fourth edition
2014-12-15
Safety of toys —
Part 1:
Safety aspects related to mechanical
and physical properties
Sécurité des jouets —
Partie 1: Aspects de sécurité relatifs aux propriétés mécaniques et
physiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 3
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Requirements .13
4.1 Normal use .13
4.2 Reasonably foreseeable abuse .13
4.3 Material .13
4.3.1 Material quality .13
4.3.2 Expanding materials .13
4.4 Small parts .13
4.4.1 For children under 36 months .14
4.4.2 For children 36 months and over but under 72 months .14
4.5 Shape, size and strength of certain toys .14
4.5.1 Squeeze toys, rattles, fasteners, and certain other toys and components of toys .14
4.5.2 Small balls .17
4.5.3 Pompoms .18
4.5.4 Pre-school play figures .18
4.5.5 Toy pacifiers .18
4.5.6 Balloons .19
4.5.7 Marbles .19
4.5.8 Hemispheric-shaped toys .19
4.6 Edges .22
4.6.1 Accessible sharp edges of glass or metal .22
4.6.2 Functional sharp edges .22
4.6.3 Edges on metal toys .23
4.6.4 Edges on moulded toys . . .23
4.6.5 Edges on exposed bolts or threaded rods .23
4.7 Points .23
4.7.1 Accessible sharp points .23
4.7.2 Functional sharp points .23
4.7.3 Wooden toys .24
4.8 Projections .24
4.8.1 General requirements .24
4.8.2 Special considerations for bath toy projections.24
4.9 Metal wires and rods .24
4.10 Plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys .25
4.11 Cords and elastics .26
4.11.1 Cords and elastics in toys intended for children under 18 months .26
4.11.2 Self-retracting pull cords in toys intended for children under 18 months .26
4.11.3 Cords for pull toys intended for children under 36 months.26
4.11.4 Cords on toy bags .26
4.11.5 Crib or playpen toys and mobiles .26
4.11.6 Crib gyms and similar toys .26
4.11.7 Cords, strings and lines for flying toys .26
4.12 Folding mechanisms .27
4.12.1 Toy pushchairs, perambulators and similar toys .27
4.12.2 Other toys with folding mechanisms .28
4.12.3 Hinge-line clearance .28
4.13 Holes, clearances and accessibility of mechanisms .28
4.13.1 Circular holes in rigid materials .28
4.13.2 Accessible clearances for movable segments .29
4.13.3 Chains or belts in ride-on toys .29
4.13.4 Other driving mechanisms .30
4.13.5 Winding keys .30
4.14 Springs .30
4.15 Stability and overload requirements .31
4.15.1 Stability of ride-on toys and seats .31
4.15.2 Overload requirements for ride-on toys and seats .31
4.15.3 Stability of stationary floor toys .31
4.16 Enclosures .32
4.16.1 Ventilation .32
4.16.2 Closures .32
4.16.3 Toys that enclose the head .33
4.17 Simulated protective equipment, such as helmets, hats and goggles .33
4.18 Projectile toys .33
4.18.1 General.33
4.18.2 Projectiles .34
4.18.3 Projectile toys with stored energy .36
4.18.4 Projectile toys without stored energy .38
4.19 Rotors and propellers .39
4.20 Aquatic toys .40
4.21 Braking .40
4.22 Toy bicycles .40
4.22.1 Instructions for use.41
4.22.2 Determination of maximum saddle height .41
4.22.3 Braking requirements .41
4.23 Speed limitation of electrically driven ride-on toys .42
4.24 Toys containing a heat source .42
4.25 Liquid-filled toys .42
4.26 Mouth-actuated toys .42
4.27 Toy roller skates, toy inline skates and toy skateboards .43
4.28 Percussion caps .43
4.29 Acoustic requirements .43
4.30 Toy scooters .44
4.30.1 General.44
4.30.2 Warnings and instructions for use .44
4.30.3 Strength .44
4.30.4 Stability .44
4.30.5 Adjustable and folding steering tubes and handlebars .44
4.30.6 Braking .45
4.30.7 Wheel size .45
4.30.8 Protruding parts .45
4.31 Magnets and magnetic components .45
4.31.1 Magnetic/electrical experimental sets intended for children 8 years and over .45
4.31.2 All other toys with magnets and magnetic components .45
5 Test methods .46
5.1 General .46
5.2 Small parts test .47
5.3 Test for shape and size of certain toys .48
5.4 Small balls test .49
5.5 Test for pompoms .50
5.6 Test for pre-school play figures .50
5.7 Accessibility of a part or component .50
5.7.1 Principle .50
5.7.2 Apparatus .51
5.7.3 Procedure .51
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

5.8 Sharp-edge test .52
5.8.1 Principle .52
5.8.2 Apparatus .52
5.8.3 Procedure .53
5.9 Sharp-point test.54
5.9.1 Principle .54
5.9.2 Apparatus .54
5.9.3 Procedure .55
5.10 Determination of thickness of plastic film and sheeting .55
5.10.1 General.55
5.10.2 Apparatus .55
5.10.3 Procedure .55
5.11 Test for cords .56
5.11.1 Determination of cord thickness.56
5.11.2 Self-retracting pull cords .56
5.11.3 Electric resistance of cords .56
5.12 Stability and overload tests .56
5.12.1 General.56
5.12.2 Sideways stability test, feet available for stabilization .56
5.12.3 Sideways stability test, feet unavailable for stabilization .57
5.12.4 Fore and aft stability test .57
5.12.5 Overload test for ride-on toys and seats.58
5.12.6 Stability test of stationary floor toys .58
5.13 Test for closures and toy chest lids .58
5.13.1 Closures .58
5.13.2 Toy chest lids .58
5.14 Impact test for toys that cover the face .59
5.15 Kinetic energy and wall impact test.59
5.15.1 Kinetic energy of projectiles .59
5.15.2 Wall impact test for projectiles .62
5.16 Free-wheeling facility and brake performance test .62
5.16.1 Determination of free-wheeling facility .62
5.16.2 Brake performance for mechanically or electrically powered ride-on toys
other than toy bicycles .63
5.16.3 Brake performance for toy bicycles .63
5.17 Determination of speed of electrically driven ride-on toys .63
5.18 Determination of temperature increases .64
5.19 Leakage of liquid-filled toys .64
5.20 Durability of mouth-actuated toys .64
5.21 Expanding materials .64
5.22 Folding or sliding mechanisms .65
5.22.1 Loads .65
5.22.2 Toy pushchairs and perambulators .65
5.22.3 Other toys with folding mechanisms .66
5.23 Washable toys .66
5.24 Reasonably foreseeable abuse tests .66
5.24.1 General.66
5.24.2 Drop test .67
5.24.3 Tip-over test for large and bulky toys.67
5.24.4 Dynamic strength test for wheeled ride-on toys other than toy scooters .67
5.24.5 Torque test .67
5.24.6 Tension test .68
5.24.7 Compression test .71
5.24.8 Flexure test .71
5.25 Determination of sound pressure levels .72
5.25.1 Installation and mounting conditions .72
5.25.2 Measurement procedure .73
5.26 Static strength for toy scooters .77
5.27 Dynamic strength for toy scooters .78
5.27.1 Principle .78
5.27.2 Load . .78
5.27.3 Procedure .79
5.28 Brake performance for toy scooters .80
5.28.1 Toy scooters with handbrake .80
5.28.2 Toy scooters with foot brake .81
5.29 Strength of toy scooter steering tubes .81
5.29.1 Resistance to downward forces .81
5.29.2 Resistance to upward forces .82
5.30 Resistance to separation of handlebar .82
5.31 Tension test for magnets .83
5.31.1 Principle .83
5.31.2 Toys with magnets or magnetic components .83
5.31.3 Toys that contain one magnet only and a mating metal component .84
5.31.4 Toys that contain one magnet only and no mating metal component .84
5.32 Magnetic flux index .84
5.32.1 General.84
5.32.2 Principle .84
5.32.3 Apparatus .84
5.32.4 Procedure .84
5.32.5 Calculation of magnetic flux index.85
5.33 Impact test for magnets .85
5.34 Soaking test for magnets .85
5.35 Determination of projectile range .86
5.36 Tip assessment of rigid projectiles .87
5.37 Length of suction cup projectiles .87
Annex A (informative) Age-grading guidelines .89
Annex B (informative) Safety-labelling guidelines and manufacturer’s markings .92
Annex C (informative) Design guidelines for toys attached to cribs or playpens .98
Annex D (informative) Toy gun marking .99
Annex E (informative) Rationale .100
Annex F (informative) Bath toy projection design guidelines .119
Bibliography .120
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 8124-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 181, Safety of toys.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 8124-1:2012), of which it constitutes
a minor revision. It also incorporates the amendments ISO 8124-1:2012/Amd.1:2014 and
ISO 8124-1:2012/Amd.2:2014.
ISO 8124 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of toys:
— Part 1: Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
— Part 2: Flammability
— Part 3: Migration of certain elements
— Part 4: Swings, slides and similar activity toys for indoor and outdoor family domestic use
— Part 6: Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products
— Part 8: Age determination guidelines (Technical Report)
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 5: Determination of total concentration of certain elements in toys
— Part 7: Finger paints – Requirements and test methods
Introduction
This part of ISO 8124 is largely based upon existing standards in the European Union (EN 71-1 and in the
United States of America (ASTM F963).
However, it should not be construed that a toy manufactured in compliance with this part of ISO 8124
will be in full compliance with relevant national toy safety requirements in the market where the
product is intended to be distributed. The user of this part of ISO 8124 is therefore advised to be aware
of relevant national requirements.
Compliance with the requirements of this part of ISO 8124 will minimize potential hazards associated
with toys resulting from their use in their intended play modes (normal use) as well as unintended play
modes (reasonably foreseeable abuse).
This part of ISO 8124 will not, nor is it intended to, eliminate parental responsibility in the appropriate
selection of toys. In addition, this part of ISO 8124 will not eliminate the need for parental supervision
in situations where children of various ages may have access to the same toy(s).
Although Annexes A, B, C, D, E and F are for information purposes only, they are crucial for the correct
interpretation of this part of ISO 8124.
The safety of electric toys is described in IEC 62115.
When age indications are required for safety labelling purposes, they may be given in either months or years.
viii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8124-1:2014(E)
Safety of toys —
Part 1:
Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical properties
1 Scope
The requirements in this part of ISO 8124 apply to all toys, i.e. any product or material designed or
clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. They are applicable to a toy as it is
initially received by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably
foreseeable conditions of normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise.
The requirements of this part of ISO 8124 specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of
toys, such as shape, size, contour, spacing (e.g. rattles, small parts, sharp points and edges, and hinge-
line clearances) as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy (e.g.
maximum kinetic energy values for non-resilient-tipped projectiles and minimum tip angles for certain
ride-on toys).
This part of ISO 8124 specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in
various age groups from birth to 14 years. The requirements vary according to the age group for which a
particular toy is intended. The requirements for a particular age group reflect the nature of the hazards
and the expected mental and/or physical abilities of a child to cope with them.
This part of ISO 8124 also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on
certain toys or their packaging. Due to linguistic problems which may occur in different countries, the
wording of these warnings and instructions is not specified but given as general information in Annex B.
It should be noted that different legal requirements exist in many countries with regard to such marking.
This part of ISO 8124 does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a
particular toy or toy category. Except for labelling requirements indicating the functional hazards
and the age range for which the toy is intended, this part of ISO 8124 has no requirements for those
characteristics of toys which represent an inherent and recognized hazard which is integral to the
function of the toy.
EXAMPLE 1 An example of such a hazard is the sharp point necessary for the proper function of a needle. The
needle is a hazard which is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and the functional sharp-point
hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process of learning to sew as well as at the
point of purchase by means of cautionary labelling on the product’s packaging.
EXAMPLE 2 As a further example, a two-wheeled toy scooter has inherent and recognized hazards associated
with its use (e.g. instability during use, especially while learning). The potential hazards associated with
its structural characteristics (sharp edges, pinch hazards, etc.) will be minimized by compliance with the
requirements of this part of ISO 8124.
Products not included within the scope of this part of ISO 8124 are:
a) bicycles, except for those considered to be toys, i.e. those having a maximum saddle height of 435 mm
(see E.1, general);
b) slingshots;
NOTE “Slingshots” are also known as “catapults” and are usually held in the hand; examples are given in
Figure 1. Toy versions of medieval catapults and trebuchets are not exempt from this part of ISO 8124; an example
is given in Figure 2.
Figure 1 — Examples of slingshots (not within the scope of this part of ISO 8124)
Figure 2 — Medieval toy catapult (within the scope of this part of ISO 8124)
c) darts with metal points;
d) home and public playground equipment;
e) compressed air- and gas-operated guns and pistols (see E.1);
f) kites (except for the electric resistance of their strings, which is included);
g) model kits, hobby and craft items, in which the finished item is not primarily of play value;
h) sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments and
furniture; however, toys which are their counterparts are included.
It is recognized that there is often a fine distinction between, for example a musical instrument or
a sporting item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the manufacturer or distributor, as well as
normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a toy cou
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