ISO 23806:2022

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23806
First edition
2022-11
Ships and marine technology — Cyber
safety
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Context of the company. 2
4.1 Understanding the company . 2
4.2 Understanding interested parties . 2
4.3 Determining the scope of the cyber safety risk assessment . 3
5 Management . 3
5.1 Commitment . 3
5.2 Cyber risk management in the company safety and environmental protection
policy . 3
5.3 Company roles, responsibilities and authorities . 4
6 Cyber risk exposure . 4
6.1 General . 4
6.2 Actions to identify cyber hazards and risks . 4
7 Ongoing effectiveness of cyber risk assessment . 4
8 Control of documented information . 5
9 Implementation of protective measures . 5
Bibliography . 6
iii
Foreword
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iv
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide requirements for identification and assessment of cyber
hazards and risks affecting the safe and environmentally sound operation of ships throughout their
operational life. This document provides specifications for procedures designed to be included or
referenced in the company safety management system (SMS) in order to support effective cyber risk
[1]
management as defined in MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3 on Guidelines for Maritime Cyber Risk Management , as
well as any additional requirements of the company or other identified stakeholder.
Operational technology (OT) includes devices, sensors, software and associated networking that
monitor and control onboard systems required to safely and efficiently operate the ship. OT includes,
but is not limited to, navigation, main and auxiliary machinery, propulsion management and cargo
management systems.
The risks associated with OT differ from those associated with information technology (IT). In general,
the risks associated with OT have the potential for physical impacts affecting the safety of the ship,
the personnel and cargo onboard, and the marine environment. The risks associated with IT generally
relate to business and other non-physical impacts which are not safety-critical. Where IT and OT
systems are integrated for particular functions, there is a potential for IT to contribute to safety-critical
impacts.
The information security management system (ISMS) recommended by ISO/IEC 27000 addresses
the preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of information and data stored
and processed by IT systems. This document uses CIA but focuses on risks associated with the loss of
availability or integrity of OT systems and data which are necessary for the safe and environmentally
sound operation of a ship.
[3]
The objective of the company security management system (SMS) required by SOLAS chapter IX and
[4]
the ISM Code is to provide a safe working environment by establishing appropriate safe practices and
procedures based on an assessment of all identified risks to the ship, personnel and the environment.
The loss of availability or integrity of safety critical systems and data, and disruption of safety related
operational technology (OT) is expected to have physical consequences for the safe operation of ships
and prevention of pollution. Consequently, it is essential that cyber risk management be incorporated
into the company’s overall approach to safety management and compliance with the requirements
[5]
of SOLAS chapter IX and the ISM Code, and as required by resolution MSC.428(98) . The IMO has
recognized that aspects of cyber risk management, including physical security aspects of cyber
[6]
security, should be addressed in ship security plans under the ISPS Code ; however, this should not
be considered as requiring a company to establish a separate cyber security management system
operating in parallel with the company safety management system.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23806:2022(E)
Ships and marine technology — Cyber safety
1 Scope
This document gives requirements and recommendations for establishing, implementing, maintaining
and continually improving a cyber risk assessment system within the context of a company’s security
management system (SMS).
All the elements for compliance with this document can therefore be traceable within the SMS by direct
inclusion or reference.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
company
owner of the ship or any other organization or person such as the manager, or the bareboat charterer,
who has assumed the responsibility for operation of the ship from the shipowner and, who on assuming
such responsibility, has agreed to take over all the duties and responsibility imposed by the International
Safety Management Code (3.3)
3.2
cyber incident
occurrence which potentially results in adverse consequences to an onboard system, network and
computer or the information that they process, store or transmit, and which may require a response
action to mitigate the consequences
3.3
International Safety Management Code
ISM Code
code providing an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for
pollution prevention, drafted by the International Maritime Organization
Note 1 to entry: This Code is mandatory for all ships under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at
Sea (SOLAS), chapter IX, Management for the Safe Operation of Ships.
3.4
operational technology
OT
hardware and software used to manage physical processes through monitoring and/or control of
physical devices
Note 1 to entry: These may be items like pumps, valves, engines, machinery or systems such as bridge, cargo
handling and management, machinery management, propulsion and power management, safety systems, access
control passenger serving and management, passenger facing public networks, administration and crew welfare,
communications and navigation systems.
3.5
safety management system
SMS
procedures and processes which document and implement how a company (3.1) approaches all elements
of safety
Note 1 to entry: See also 4.1 below.
4 Context of the company
4.1 Understanding the company
The company is required to incorporate cyber risk management into their security management system
(SMS). An SMS is one which conforms to the requirements of the ISM Code and ensures:
— consideration of rules and regulations;
— consideration of applicable codes, guidelines (such as Reference [7]) and standards recommended
by the IMO, administrations, classification societies, maritime industry organizations and other
items to which the company subscribes.
The company shall determine how cyber risk management is incorporated into an SMS. Administrations,
recognized organizations or other bodies carry out verification audits of the company SMS. These
include verification that the company has identified and assessed cyber safety risks to its ships,
personnel and the environment, and established appropriate safeguards.
The cyber safety risk profile of a company is specific to:
— the company;
— the types of ship operated by the company, taking into account the OT installed and the degree of
integration and connectivity of OT systems and between OT and IT onboard.
4.2 Understanding interested parties
It is expected that companies consider rules and regulations, applicable recommended codes, guidelines
and standards, as well as obligations for cyber risk management imposed by contractual obligations
with interested parties.
Company procedures should also identify third parties with relevant information on the OT systems
onboard and their integration. This should include information on flows of data between OT and other
systems, including systems ashore.
4.3
...