ISO/TR 16044:2004

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 16044
First edition
2004-06-01

Graphic technology — Database
architecture model and control parameter
coding for process control and workflow
(Database AMPAC)
Technologie graphique — Codage du modèle d'architecture de base de
données et des paramètres de commande pour le contrôle du procédé
et le déroulement des opérations (Database AMPAC)




Reference number
ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 References. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Database architecture and coding rules. 2
4.1 Layered structure for the architecture model .2
4.2 Definition of parameter code and coded parameter list . 3
5 Limitation on usage of the parameter list. 5
Annex A (informative) Example usage of parameters code in a description format. 6
Annex B (informative) Examples of a Database AMPAC common dictionary . 11
Annex C (informative) Defining the unit of a parameter — Example 1. 13
Annex D (informative) Defining the unit of a parameter — Example 2. 14

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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 16044 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.

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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
Introduction
The purpose of this Technical Report is to prepare a database architecture model and control parameter
coding that can be widely applied to design, process control and workflow management in manufacturing
processes focused on the graphic arts printing industry.
The proposed architecture model and parameter list with appropriate units and values will enable the
exchange of information on a global scale that can be accessed freely using world wide distributed database
approaches and can also be used effectively as part of process control techniques. Such enhancement of
information exchange offers the potential for significant cost reductions and/or efficiency improvements.
In the proposed architecture, all of the parameters impacting a manufacturing system are classified by using a
layer structure. The upper two layers categorize the systems and system elements and set the structure for
the process. The following layers characterize the details of the parameters used in the system.
For using the defined parameters effectively in the graphic arts industry, an example of a data coding method
is shown in Annex A. These may include
 standard formats that describe a variable and both the technical and functional relevancy to it of other
parameters in the database;
 requirements for describing a subset where a group of parameters are combined to give technical
information;
 any requirements relating to access and disclosure of a specific information item.
Such an architecture allows a well-defined complete set of unified parameters and thereby minimizes the
difficulties that frequently occur because of the mismatch and misunderstanding about the parameters among
different fields, different vendors and different countries. Using such an approach, each industrial field
involving multiple participants can create an appropriate database that has a unified and exchangeable coded
term, and communicates through a unified information transport system like the Internet.
In use in the graphic arts example, this architecture would tie the client, designer, material supplier, preprinting,
print shop, prepress operators, printing and post-printing machine operators, machine manufactures and
machine maintenance supporters together into a common communication database, making it much easier to
connect one production facility and system to another, and to exchange and share knowledge about process
operation and material usage between participants. Based on a unified code and composition, the necessary
databases can be generated independently in distributed computer files, even in different companies and yet
function together in an open printing production system.
It is envisioned that there would be two lines of communication in AMPAC. One consists of control parameters
used as an intelligent database open to all clients, printing manufactures and vendors in the world. The other
would restrict information to specific users as is commonly done on Internet websites.
Individual users could generate AMPAC-based databases at their sites for diverse applications including
 transmitting any material, machine and machine-element specifications to vendors, customers or other
manufacturers;
 automatic process specification and workflow selection based on customer requirements for adapting to
equipment and materials;
 search for common relationships among parameters such as the effect of temperature on the process;
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
 constructing simulated systems for process design and testing;
 troubleshooting using related parameters;
 maintaining compatibility of machines and systems.
Since the architecture and database model proposed in this Technical Report have the potential to create high
level intellectual databases, they can be easily joined with the Commerce at Light Speed (CALS) and
Intelligent Manufacturing System (IMS) concepts.
The development of a Technical Report of this type can also contribute to the establishment of other standards
such as standardized workflow-management systems and/or digital network-production systems.
Four data files are associated with this Technical Report: AMPAC_Parameter_list.csv, which provides a
lookup table for obtaining the code corresponding to the alphabet name of a parameter;
DatabaseAMPAC_PT.txt, which joins all named parameters to parameter codes; DatabaseAMPAC_VE.txt,
which provides a list of available values for non-physical parameters; and DatabaseAMPAC_DE.txt, which
provides the corresponding SI-base unit with a named unit.

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)

Graphic technology — Database architecture model and control
parameter coding for process control and workflow (Database
AMPAC)
1 Scope
This Technical Report specifies a basic standard architecture model and parameters used in a database for
printing-process control and workflow description. It defines how all of the parameters impacting a
manufacturing system are classified by using a layer structure. The upper two layers categorize the systems
and system elements and set the structure for the process. The following third and fourth layers characterize
all details of the parameters used in the printing system, including standard coding rules.
2 References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1000:1992, SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interexchange
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ASCII
graphic character codes as defined in ISO/IEC 646
3.2
parameter
variable that specifies the state of an object
NOTE Two types of parameter are used in this Technical Report. One is the physical parameter, and the other is the
non-physical parameter. The physical parameter is a variable that has a numeric value following its physical dimension
given in SI units. The non-physical parameter is also a variable, but this one specifies the state of the object by using a
non-numeric value that is assigned from a term or symbol list.
3.3
related parameter
another parameter that directly or indirectly affects the use of a required parameter
3.4
subset
set of parameters, selected from the Database AMPAC parameter list, to explain an object
EXAMPLE Objects may be machines, machine elements, materials or even concepts.
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
3.5
workflow
organizational scheme that gives the time schedules and relationships of all factors (operations, materials,
process control elements and locations) in the process
4 Database architecture and coding rules
4.1 Layered structure for the architecture model
The architecture model shall contain all relevant process parameters such as the parameters relating to
design specification, manufacturing process control measurements, material characteristics and specifications
for machine and machine elements. These parameters shall be organized in a layered structure with four
levels for classification (see Figure 1).
Each classification level shall be internally consistent with the broadest categories of the process workflow in
the first level and increasing detail and specifics concerning the manufacturing process, materials and related
parameters in levels two to four. The parameter shall appear in the 4th layer, and shall have a clear physical
meaning and/or SI unit as defined in ISO 1000.
The values for a given parameter, listed in level four, or a function name (pointer) for getting the value of the
parameter may be described by using the methods as shown in Annex A. The relationship of other
parameters to that parameter can also be described. They give perspective to the function and are used to
obtain the calculated resultant value of the parameter in the 4th the layer.
Any type of algorithm can be selected in this way, such as a numeric value, table, analytic function or
membership function, since the description is only a pointer which points to the file location of the algorithm.
The combination of appropriate parameters defines a process that is a subset of the whole system (see
Annex B). A factory or machine element may be a subset. In some cases, the parameter set used for
describing a product may also be a subset, extracted from the parameter set contained in this architecture
model.
Subsets may be constructed in all cases by using the basic architecture and parameters described here in
order that subsets can be easily combined. To start and operate a production process, the value of all
parameters in this subset shall be previously set or defined. A part of the production process may also be
used as a subset, as long as the architecture and all relevant parameters are included.
Each conceptual element and parameter in each layer shall have a corresponding decimal numeric code. The
code of each successive layer shall be combined in successive series in order to identify the parameter. The
details of the combination and how it is used are shown in 4.2 and Annex A.
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
1st layer Dictionary Design Production process Material/Machine
Specification for Kind of specification Name of
2nd layer
0
products for each process material/machine
Element of Element of
3rd layer 0 Functional classification
specification specification
0: reference
4th layer
Parameter Parameter Parameter
word (code)
 List of units and values, if necessary
Figure 1 — Architecture model for classification of parameters
4.2 Definition of parameter code and coded parameter list
In the database constructed on each site, each parameter shall be indicated by using a code number or a
corresponding alphabet name as defined in this Technical Report.
When parameters use a written name, they shall be transferred to code for the convenience of data exchange
in linguistic independency before being sent to another site. The graphic-arts table for obtaining the code
corresponding to the alphabet name is given in File AMPAC_Parameter_list.csv. For reader convenience,
Table 1 provides a listing of the names used in layers 1 and 2.
Code numbers shall consist of a combination of four blocks of decimal numeric characters, each of which shall
uniquely designate the item in sequential layers. Four sets of decimal code numbers shall be joined serially in
the order of the layer, followed by a “period” (character at position 2/E of ISO/IEC 646) as a separator, as
follows:
“1st layer code. 2nd layer code. 3rd layer code. 4th layer code”
EXAMPLE “10.2.6.16” means: specification for design (1st layer). Information for placing and receiving order
(2nd layer). Information about products (3rd layer). Number of products (4th layer).
(See Annex A and File AMPAC_Parameter_list.csv.)
NOTE In Annex A, the parameter having the code [0.0.0.0] is assigned as the dictionary and is used for defining in
terms other than the numeric values or contents of the special parameters defined. The parameter name (code) of this
category shall be given as “reference” in the data format and the specification of values associated with this parameter is
given as a group of non-numeric terms (see Annex B). Individual Database AMPAC databases can prepare their
dictionary as a specified dictionary and it shall have highest priority, although the standard common dictionary will be
prepared in the common Database AMPAC for convenience. The defined values of parameters may be chosen from the
common dictionary in the subset for each user.
The unit accompanying the parameter is also defined in the dictionary in a similar way to the assignment of
values just mentioned above (see Annexes A and C). Each subset can define its own unit, although it should
contain an explanatory note about the unit, except in the case where the meaning is given in ISO 1000.
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
Table 1 — First two layers of AMPAC architecture as applied to the printing industry
1st layer 2nd layer 1st layer 2nd layer
D  Film
I 0 0 Printing materials Printing plate
C
(Dictionary)  Photo-polymer relief plate
Information for placing and Blanket
Specification for design Receiving order Ink
Specification for rough design Fountain solution
Instruction for layout Gravure cylinder
D
Page contents of product .
E
Instruction for plate making Phototypesetting
S
Instruction for proof Prepress systems Word processor
I
Instruction for printing Composing system
G
Instruction for bookbinding Drum scanner
N
Instruction for slitter Flat-bed scanner
Instruction for bag making Digital camera
Instruction for sack Image processing system
. Line art processing system
Character input Page layout system
Prepress process Character composing DTP system
Image input Imposition system
Image processing / edit RIP
Line-art image input Proof printing
Assembling / Markup Film composing printer
Imposition Platesetter
Colour and text proof Imagesetter
Proof Developer
Film output Composer
Press plate output CTP
M
Common CTC (Computer To Cylinder)
A
. Inspection
T
Process management Data server
E
Printing process Sheet-fed offset press Cylinder polisher
R
Web offset Cylinder plating
P
I
Sheet letter press .
R
A
Web letter press Sheet-fed offset press
O
L
Gravure sheet printing Printing machine systems Web offset press
D
/
Gravure web printing Sheet-fed letter press
U
M
Flexographic printing Web gravure
C
A
Screen printing Sheet fed gravure
T
C
I Thermal transfer Web gravure
H
O Electrostatic printing Web flexographic press
I
N
Magnetographic printing Screen printing
N

Electronic printing E Thermal transfer
P
. Electrostatic printing
R
Cutting Magnetographic
O
Postprinting Web folding Electronic printing
C
Sheet folding .
E
Web stacker bundler Cutting machine
S
Gluing Finishing/Converting Folding machine for sheet
S
Gathering Folding machine for web
Saddle stitcher Gluing machine
Adhesive binder Web stacker bundler
Tipping (tip-in) Gathering machine
Collator Saddle stitcher
Laminate Adhesive side stitcher
Extrusion laminate Tipping (tip-in) machine
Unwind / wind Collator
Flexible packaging slitter Laminator
Bag making Extrusion laminator
Carton diecutting and creasing Unwind / winder
Box forming Slitter
Sack Enveloping machine
Embossing Carton die cutter
Coating Box forming machine
. Sacker
Paper Embossing machine
Printed material Cloth Coater
(substrate) Metal sheet .
Plastic sheet
.
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ISO/TR 16044:2004(E)
The following are three additional files associated with this Technical Report:
 DatabaseAMPAC_PT.txt The dictionary joins all of named parameters to a parameter code.
Each parameter shall be coded by using the rule specified in
A.3.1.
 DatabaseAMPAC_VE.txt Available-values list for non-physical parameter (see Annex B).
This record is written by the format described in Annex A. The
parameter name code of this record is 0.0.0.0:parameter name
(code) and Q(name) is replaced by CDIC(name).
 DatabaseAMPAC_DE.txt Corresponding to SI basic unit with named unit (see Annex C).
When the parameter name is 0.0.0.2:parameter name (code), the
list of available units for the parameter name (code) is given in
Data of the format described in Annex A (see Annex D).
NOTE The data in files named DatabaseAMPAC_VE and DatabaseAMPAC_DE may be imported by using
conven
...