ISO/IEC 14496-12:2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-12
Fourth edition
2012-07-15
Corrected version
2012-09-15
Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 12:
ISO base media file format
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 12: Format ISO de base pour les fichiers médias

Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2012
©  ISO/IEC 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .ix
Introduction.xi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms.2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Abbreviated terms.4
4 Object-structured File Organization.4
4.1 File Structure .4
4.2 Object Structure .4
4.3 File Type Box .5
4.3.1 Definition .5
5 Design Considerations .6
5.1 Usage.6
5.1.1 Introduction.6
5.1.2 Interchange .6
5.1.3 Content Creation .8
5.1.4 Preparation for streaming .8
5.1.5 Local presentation.8
5.1.6 Streamed presentation.9
5.2 Design principles.9
6 ISO Base Media File organization.10
6.1 Presentation structure .10
6.1.1 File Structure .10
6.1.2 Object Structure .10
6.1.3 Meta Data and Media Data .10
6.1.4 Track Identifiers.10
6.2 Metadata Structure (Objects) .10
6.2.1 Box.10
6.2.2 Data Types and fields.11
6.2.3 Box Order .12
6.2.4 URIs as type indicators.14
6.3 Brand Identification.14
7 Streaming Support .15
7.1 Handling of Streaming Protocols .15
7.2 Protocol ‘hint’ tracks.15
7.3 Hint Track Format.16
8 Box Structures.17
8.1 File Structure and general boxes.17
8.1.1 Media Data Box.17
8.1.2 Free Space Box.17
8.1.3 Progressive Download Information Box.18
8.2 Movie Structure .18
8.2.1 Movie Box.18
8.2.2 Movie Header Box .19
8.3 Track Structure .20
8.3.1 Track Box .20
8.3.2 Track Header Box.20
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved iii

8.3.3 Track Reference Box .22
8.3.4 Track Group Box.23
8.4 Track Media Structure .24
8.4.1 Media Box.24
8.4.2 Media Header Box.24
8.4.3 Handler Reference Box .25
8.4.4 Media Information Box .26
8.4.5 Media Information Header Boxes.26
8.5 Sample Tables.28
8.5.1 Sample Table Box.28
8.5.2 Sample Description Box .28
8.5.3 Degradation Priority Box .34
8.5.4 Sample Scale Box.35
8.6 Track Time Structures.35
8.6.1 Time to Sample Boxes .35
8.6.2 Sync Sample Box.39
8.6.3 Shadow Sync Sample Box.40
8.6.4 Independent and Disposable Samples Box .41
8.6.5 Edit Box .42
8.6.6 Edit List Box .42
8.7 Track Data Layout Structures.44
8.7.1 Data Information Box .44
8.7.2 Data Reference Box.44
8.7.3 Sample Size Boxes .45
8.7.4 Sample To Chunk Box.46
8.7.5 Chunk Offset Box.47
8.7.6 Padding Bits Box .48
8.7.7 Sub-Sample Information Box .49
8.7.8 Sample Auxiliary Information Sizes Box.50
8.7.9 Sample Auxiliary Information Offsets Box.51
8.8 Movie Fragments .52
8.8.1 Movie Extends Box.52
8.8.2 Movie Extends Header Box.53
8.8.3 Track Extends Box.53
8.8.4 Movie Fragment Box .54
8.8.5 Movie Fragment Header Box .54
8.8.6 Track Fragment Box .55
8.8.7 Track Fragment Header Box.55
8.8.8 Track Fragment Run Box .56
8.8.9 Movie Fragment Random Access Box .57
8.8.10 Track Fragment Random Access Box.58
8.8.11 Movie Fragment Random Access Offset Box.59
8.8.12 Track fragment decode time.59
8.8.13 Level Assignment Box .60
8.8.14 Sample Auxiliary Information in Movie Fragments.62
8.9 Sample Group Structures .62
8.9.1 Introduction.62
8.9.2 Sample to Group Box .63
8.9.3 Sample Group Description Box.64
8.9.4 Representation of group structures in Movie Fragments .65
8.10 User Data .66
8.10.1 User Data Box .66
8.10.2 Copyright Box .66
8.10.3 Track Selection Box .67
8.11 Metadata Support.69
8.11.1 The Meta box.69
8.11.2 XML Boxes.70
8.11.3 The Item Location Box .70
8.11.4 Primary Item Box .72
8.11.5 Item Protection Box.73
iv © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

8.11.6 Item Information Box.73
8.11.7 Additional Metadata Container Box.75
8.11.8 Metabox Relation Box.76
8.11.9 URL Forms for meta boxes .76
8.11.10 Static Metadata .77
8.11.11 Item Data Box.78
8.11.12 Item Reference Box.78
8.11.13 Auxiliary video metadata .79
8.12 Support for Protected Streams .79
8.12.1 Protection Scheme Information Box .80
8.12.2 Original Format Box.81
8.12.3 IPMPInfoBox .81
8.12.4 IPMP Control Box .81
8.12.5 Scheme Type Box.81
8.12.6 Scheme Information Box .82
8.13 File Delivery Format Support .82
8.13.1 Introduction.82
8.13.2 FD Item Information Box.83
8.13.3 File Partition Box .83
8.13.4 FEC Reservoir Box.85
8.13.5 FD Session Group Box .85
8.13.6 Group ID to Name Box .86
8.13.7 File Reservoir Box.87
8.14 Sub tracks .87
8.14.1 Introduction.87
8.14.2 Backward compatibility .88
8.14.3 Sub Track box.88
8.14.4 Sub Track Information box.88
8.14.5 Sub Track Definition box .89
8.14.6 Sub Track Sample Group box.90
8.15 Post-decoder requirements on media.90
8.15.1 General .90
8.15.2 Transformation .90
8.15.3 Restricted Scheme Information box.91
8.15.4 Scheme for stereoscopic video arrangements .91
8.16 Segments .93
8.16.1 Introduction.93
8.16.2 Segment Type Box .93
8.16.3 Segment Index Box .94
8.16.4 Subsegment Index Box.97
8.16.5 Producer Reference Time Box .99
9 Hint Track Formats.100
9.1 RTP and SRTP Hint Track Format .100
9.1.1 Introduction.100
9.1.2 Sample Description Format.100
9.1.3 Sample Format.102
9.1.4 SDP Information .105
9.1.5 Statistical Information.105
9.2 ALC/LCT and FLUTE Hint Track Format .106
9.2.1 Introduction.106
9.2.2 Design principles.107
9.2.3 Sample Description Format.108
9.2.4 Sample Format.109
9.3 MPEG-2 Transport Hint Track Format.112
9.3.1 Introduction.112
9.3.2 Design Principles .112
9.3.3 Sample Description Format.114
9.3.4 Sample Format.116
9.3.5 Protected MPEG 2 Transport Stream Hint Track .118
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved v

9.4 RTP, RTCP, SRTP and SRTCP Reception Hint Tracks .118
9.4.1 RTP Reception Hint Track.118
9.4.2 RTCP Reception Hint Track .122
9.4.3 SRTP Reception Hint Track .123
9.4.4 SRTCP Reception Hint Tracks.125
9.4.5 Protected RTP Reception Hint Track.126
9.4.6 Recording Procedure .126
9.4.7 Parsing Procedure.126
10 Sample Groups .126
10.1 Random Access Recovery Points.126
10.2 Rate Share Groups .127
10.2.1 Introduction.127
10.2.2 Rate Share Sample Group Entry .128
10.2.3 Relationship between tracks .129
10.2.4 Bitrate allocation.130
10.3 Alternative Startup Sequences.130
10.3.1 Definition .130
10.3.2 Syntax .131
10.3.3 Semantics .131
10.3.4 Examples .131
10.4 Random Access Point (RAP) Sample Grouping.133
10.4.1 Definition .133
10.4.2 Syntax .133
10.4.3 Semantics .133
10.5 Temporal level sample grouping.133
10.5.1 Definition .133
10.5.2 Syntax .134
10.5.3 Semantics .134
11 Extensibility.134
11.1 Objects.134
11.2 Storage formats .135
11.3 Derived File formats .135
Annex A (informative) Overview and Introduction.136
A.1 Section Overview.136
A.2 Core Concepts .136
A.3 Physical structure of the media .136
A.4 Temporal structure of the media.137
A.5 Interleave .137
A.6 Composition.137
A.7 Random access.138
A.8 Fragmented movie files.138
Annex B (informative) Patent Statements.140
Annex C (informative) Guidelines on deriving from this specification.141
C.1 Introduction.141
C.2 General Principles .141
C.2.1 General.141
C.2.2 Base layer operations .141
C.3 Boxes .142
C.4 Brand Identifiers .142
C.4.1 Introduction.142
C.4.2 Usage of the Brand.143
C.4.3 Introduction of a new brand .143
C.4.4 Player Guideline.143
C.4.5 Authoring Guideline .144
C.4.6 Example .144
C.5 Storage of new media types .144
C.6 Use of Template fields.145
vi © ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved

C.7 Tracks .145
C.7.1 Data Location.145
C.7.2 Time .145
C.7.3 Media Types .146
C.7.4 Coding Types.146
C.7.5 Sub-sample information .146
C.7.6 Sample Dependency .146
C.7.7 Sample Groups .146
C.7.8 Track-level.146
C.7.9 Protection.147
C.8 Construction of fragmented movies.147
C.9 Meta-data.148
C.10 Registration.148
C.11 Guidelines on the use of sample groups, timed metadata tracks, and sample auxiliary
information.148
Annex D (informative) Registration Authority.150
D.1 Code points to be registered.150
D.2 Procedure for the request of an MPEG-4 registered identifier value.150
D.3 Responsibilities of the Registration Authority.151
D.4 Contact information for the Registration Authority.151
D.5 Responsibilities of Parties Requesting a RID .151
D.6 Appeal Procedure for Denied Applications .152
D.7 Registration Application Form.152
D.7.1 Contact Information of organization requesting a RID.152
D.7.2 Request for a specific RID.152
D.7.3 Short description of RID that is in use and date system was implemented .153
D.7.4 Statement of an intention to apply the assigned RID .153
D.7.5 Date of intended implementation of the RID.153
D.7.6 Authorized representative .153
D.7.7 For official use of the Registration Authority.153
Annex E (normative) File format brands .154
E.1 Introduction.154
E.2 The ‘isom’ brand .155
E.3 The ‘avc1’ brand .156
E.4 The ‘iso2’ brand .156
E.5 The ‘mp71’ brand .157
E.6 The ‘iso3’ brand .157
E.7 The ‘iso4’ brand .157
E.8 The ‘iso5’ brand .158
E.9 The ‘iso6’ brand .158
Annex F (informative) Document Cross-Reference.159
Annex G (informative) URI-labelled metadata forms.161
G.1 UUID-labelled metadata .161
G.2 ISO OID-labelled metadata .161
G.3 SMPTE-labelled metadata.161
Annex H (informative) Processing of RTP streams and reception hint tracks.163
H.1 Introduction.163
H.1.1 Overview.163
H.1.2 Structure.163
H.1.3 Terms and definitions .163
H.2 Synchronization of RTP streams .163
H.3 Recording of RTP streams .164
H.3.1 Introduction.164
H.3.2 Compensation for unequal starting for position of received RTP streams .166
H.3.3 Recording of SDP.167
H.3.4 Creation of a sample within an RTP reception hint track.167
H.3.5 Representation of RTP timestamps.168
© ISO/IEC 2012 – All rights reserved vii

H.3.6 Recording operations to facilitate inter-stream synchronization in playback .171
H.3.7 Representation of reception times.172
H.3.8 Creation of media samples .173
H.3.9 Creation of hint samples referring to media samples.173
H.4 Playing of recorded RTP streams .173
H.4.1 Introduction.173
H.4.2 Preparation for the playback .
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