CISPR 16-1-4:2019

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.1 2020-06
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
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CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.1 2020-06
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-8547-3

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.1 2020-06
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas
and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020 CSV
 IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 15
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Physical parameter (measurand) for radiated disturbance measurements . 16
4.3 Antennas for the frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz . 17
4.3.1 General. 17
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna . 17
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna . 17
4.4 Antennas for the frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz . 17
4.4.1 Electric field antenna . 17
4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna . 18
4.4.3 Balance and electric field discrimination of antennas . 18
4.5 Antennas for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 18
4.5.1 General. 18
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the electric disturbance field strength limit . 18
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics . 18
4.5.4 Balance of antenna . 20
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna . 22
4.6 Antennas for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 23
4.6.1 General. 23
4.6.2 Receive antenna . 23
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – large-loop antenna system . 25
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 26
6 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 OATS . 26
6.2.1 General. 26
6.2.2 Weather-protection enclosure . 26
6.2.3 Obstruction-free area . 26
6.2.4 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site . 28
6.2.5 Ground plane . 28
6.3 Suitability of other test sites . 28
6.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites . 28
6.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR) . 29
6.4 Test site validations . 29
6.4.1 General. 29
6.4.2 Overview of test site validations . 30
6.5 Basic parameters of the NSA method for OATS and SAC. 30

 IEC 2020
6.5.1 General equation and table of theoretical NSA values . 30
6.5.2 Antenna calibration . 34
6.6 Reference site method for OATS and SAC . 34
6.6.1 General. 34
6.6.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements . 35
6.6.3 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation on a
REFTS . 35
6.6.4 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation using an
averaging technique on a large OATS. 36
6.7 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method . 39
6.7.1 Discrete frequency method . 39
6.7.2 Swept frequency method . 40
6.8 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC . 41
6.9 Possible causes for exceeding site acceptability limits . 43
6.10 Site validation for FARs . 44
6.10.1 General. 44
6.10.2 RSM for FAR sites . 48
6.10.3 NSA method for FAR sites . 50
6.10.4 Site validation criteria for FAR sites . 52
6.11 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower . 52
6.11.1 General. 52
6.11.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences . 53
7 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 54
7.1 General . 54
7.2 Reference test site . 55
7.3 Test site validation . 55
7.3.1 General. 55
7.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation . 56
7.4 Antenna requirements for S standard test procedure . 56
VSWR
7.4.1 General. 56
7.4.2 Transmit antenna . 57
7.4.3 Antennas and test equipment for the S reciprocal test procedure . 59
VSWR
7.5 Required positions for site validation testing . 60
7.5.1 General. 60
7.5.2 Descriptions of S measurement positions in a horizontal plane
VSWR
(Figure 23) . 60
7.5.3 Descriptions of S additional measurement positions (Figure 24) . 61
VSWR
7.5.4 Summary of S measurement positions . 62
VSWR
7.6 S site validation – standard test procedure . 65
VSWR
7.7 S site validation – reciprocal test procedure using an isotropic field
VSWR
probe . 66
7.8 S conditional measurement position requirements . 67
VSWR
7.9 S site validation test report . 68
VSWR
7.10 Limitations of the S site validation method . 68
VSWR
7.11 Alternative test sites . 69
8 Common mode absorption devices . 69
8.1 General . 69
8.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements . 69
8.3 CMAD test jig . 69

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020 CSV
 IEC 2020
8.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration . 70
8.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD . 72
8.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and
tracking generator . 73
9 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement . 75
9.1 General . 75
9.2 Chamber . 75
9.2.1 Chamber size and shape . 75
9.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets . 75
9.2.3 Stirrers . 76
9.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers . 76
9.2.5 Coupling attenuation . 77
10 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement . 78
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas . 79
A.1 General . 79
A.2 Preferred antennas . 79
A.2.1 General. 79
A.2.2 Calculable antenna . 79
A.2.3 Low-uncertainty antennas . 79
A.3 Simple dipole antennas . 80
A.3.1 General. 80
A.3.2 Tuned dipole . 81
A.3.3 Shortened dipole . 81
A.4 Broadband antenna parameters . 82
A.4.1 General. 82
A.4.2 Antenna type . 83
A.4.3 Specification of the antenna . 83
A.4.4 Antenna calibration . 84
A.4.5 Antenna user information . 84
Annex B (XXX) (Void) . 85
Annex C (normative) Large-loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 86
C.1 General . 86
C.2 Construction of an LLAS . 86
C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA) . 86
C.4 Validation of an LLAS . 91
C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna. 94
C.6 Conversion factors . 96
C.6.1 General. 98
C.6.2 Current conversion factors for an LLAS with non-standard diameter . 99
C.6.3 Conversion of LLAS measured current to magnetic field strength . 100
C.7 Examples . 102
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 6) . 104
D.1 General . 104
D.2 Ground plane construction . 104
D.2.1 Material . 104
D.2.2 Roughness . 104
D.3 Services to EUT . 105

 IEC 2020
D.4 Weather-protection enclosure construction . 105
D.4.1 Materials and fasteners . 105
D.4.2 Internal arrangements . 106
D.4.3 Size . 106
D.4.4 Uniformity with time and weather . 106
D.5 Turntable and set-up table . 106
D.6 Receive antenna mast installation . 107
Annex E (xxx) (Void) . 108
Annex F (informative) Basis for ± 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 6) . 109
F.1 General . 109
F.2 Error analysis. 109
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS
using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair (see 6.6) . 111
G.1 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using the averaging technique . 111
G.2 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using a REFTS . 112
G.3 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using an antenna pair
reference site attenuation . 113
Annex H (informative) Definition of uncertainty in cross-polar response measurement . 114
H.1 General . 114
H.2 Example uncertainty estimate . 116
H.3 Rationale for the estimates of input quantities in Table H.1 and Table H.3 . 117
H.4 Measurement of XPR below 100 MHz at an OATS . 118
Bibliography . 120

Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflection at a 3 m site, showing the beamwidth half-angle, ϕ, at the
reflected ray. 19
Figure 2 – RX antenna E-plane radiation pattern example, with limit area shaded
for 3 m distance and 2 m EUT width. 24
Figure 3 – Determination of maximum useable EUT width using half-power beamwidth . 24
Figure 4 – Determination of maximum useable EUT height using half-power beamwidth . 25
Figure 5 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable . 27
Figure 6 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT . 27
Figure 7 – Test point locations for 3 m and 10 m test distances . 36
Figure 8 – Paired test point locations for all test distances . 38
Figure 9 – Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m . 38
Figure 10 – Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on A . 39
APR
Figure 11 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements . 42
Figure 12 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements . 42
Figure 13 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 43
Figure 14 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 43
Figure 15 – Measurement positions for FAR site validation . 46

– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020 CSV
 IEC 2020
Figure 16 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for FAR site
validation . 48
Figure 17 – Typical quasi free-space test site reference SA measurement set-up . 50
Figure 18 – Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different
measurement distances [see Equation (16)] . 52
Figure 19 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view) . 54
Figure 20 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) . 54
Figure 21 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example (this example is for
informative purposes only) . 58
Figure 22 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (this example is for informative
purposes only) . 59
Figure 23 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane (see 7.5.2 for
VSWR
description) . 60
Figure 24 – S positions (height requirements) . 62
VSWR
Figure 25 – S conditional measurement position requirements . 68
VSWR
Figure 26 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig . 70
Figure 27 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration . 72
Figure 28 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to the provisions of
8.1 to 8.3 . 73
Figure 29 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig . 74
Figure 30 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer . 74
Figure 31 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network . 75
Figure 32 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer . 76
Figure 33 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 32 . 77
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω. 82
L
Figure C.1 – The LLAS, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-loop antennas . 88
Figure C.2 – An LLA containing two opposite slits, positioned symmetrically with
respect to the current probe C . 89
Figure C.3 – Construction of an LLA slit . 89
Figure C.4 – Example of an LLA slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction . 90
Figure C.5 – Construction of the metal box containing the current probe . 90
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to minimize
capacitive coupling from the leads to the LLAS . 91
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole during validation
of an LLA . 92
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for an LLA of 2 m diameter Reference validation factors
for loops of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m diameters . 93
Figure C.9 – Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna . 96
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and C [for
dA dV
conversion into dB(µV/m)] for two standard measuring distances d .
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m .
Figure C.10 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D relative to an LLA with 2 m
D
diameter . 99

 IEC 2020
Figure C.11 – Conversion factor C [for conversion into dB(μA/m)] for three standard
dA
measurement distances d . 101
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane . 105

Table 1 – Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC, and FAR

site types . 30
Table 2 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – recommended geometries for
N
a
broadband antennas (1 of 2) . 32
Table 3 – Example template for A data sets . 35
APR
Table 4 – RSM frequency steps . 35
Table 5 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 44
Table 6 – Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation . 48
Table 7 – S measurement position designations (1 of 3). 63
VSWR
Table 8 – S reporting requirements . 68
VSWR
Table C.1 – Reference validation factors of Figure C.8 for loops of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m
diameters . 94
Table C.2 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D relative to an LLA with 2 m
D
diameter (Figure C.10) . 100
Table C.3 – Magnetic field strength conversion factor C for three measurement
dA
distances (Figure C.11) . 102
Table D.1 – Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances . 105
Table F.1 – Error budget . 109
Table G.1 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the large-OATS
averaging technique. 111
Table G.2 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS . 112
Table G.3 – COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation . 113
Table H.1 – Example uncertainty estimate for XPR measurement in a FAR and
assumed a = 22 dB, a = 34 dB . 117
xpT xpR
Table H.2 – Uncertainties depending on other values of A (other assumptions as in
xpT
Table H.1) . 118
Table H.3 – Example uncertainty estimate for XPR measurement at an OATS and
assumed a = 22 dB, a = 34 dB . 119
xpT xpR
– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020 CSV
 IEC 2020
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND
IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

FOREWORD
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This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been
prepared for user convenience.
CISPR 16-1-4 edition 4.1 contains the fourth edition (2019-01) [documents
CIS/A/1262/FDIS and CIS/A/1275/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2020-06) [documents
CIS/A/1316/FDIS and CIS/A/1320/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough
red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
 IEC 2020
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• provisions are added to address test site validation in the frequency range from 30 MHz to
1000 MHz using the reference site method, to take into account the receive antenna
radiation pattern in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz, and further details on test
site validation using the NSA method with broadband antennas in the frequency range
from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,
Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility
publications.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020 CSV
 IEC 2020
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND
IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
...

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

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CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-6846-9

CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.2 2023-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements

Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées

– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020
+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 13
3.1 Terms and definitions . 13
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 18
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance . 19
4.1 General . 19
4.2 Physical parameter (measurand) for radiated disturbance measurements . 19
4.3 Antennas for the frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz . 19
4.3.1 General. 19
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna . 20
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna . 22
4.4 Antennas for the frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz . 22
4.4.1 Electric field antenna . 22
4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna . 22
4.4.3 Balance and electric field discrimination of antennas . 22
4.5 Antennas for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 22
4.5.1 General. 22
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the electric disturbance field strength limit . 23
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics . 23
4.5.4 Balance of antenna . 25
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna . 26
4.6 Antennas for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 27
4.6.1 General. 27
4.6.2 Receive antenna . 28
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – large-loop antenna system . 29
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 30
5.1 General . 30
5.2 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site . 30
5.3 Measurement distance and test volume . 31
5.4 Set-up table and antenna positioner . 31
5.5 Validation procedure of test site . 31
5.5.1 General. 31
5.5.2 Normalized site insertion loss (NSIL) . 35
5.5.3 Reference site method . 35
5.5.4 Acceptance criterion . 36
6 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 36
6.1 General . 36
6.2 OATS . 36
6.2.1 General. 36
6.2.2 Weather-protection enclosure . 37
6.2.3 Obstruction-free area . 37
6.2.4 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site . 38

+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
6.2.5 Ground plane . 39
6.3 Suitability of other test sites . 39
6.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites . 39
6.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR) . 39
6.4 Test site validations . 40
6.4.1 General. 40
6.4.2 Overview of test site validations . 40
6.5 Basic parameters of the NSA method for OATS and SAC. 41
6.5.1 General equation and table of theoretical NSA values . 41
6.5.2 Antenna calibration . 45
6.6 Reference site method for OATS and SAC . 45
6.6.1 General. 45
6.6.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements . 46
6.6.3 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation on a
REFTS . 46
6.6.4 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation using an
averaging technique on a large OATS. 47
6.7 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method . 50
6.7.1 Discrete frequency method . 50
6.7.2 Swept frequency method . 51
6.8 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC . 52
6.9 Possible causes for exceeding site acceptability limits . 54
6.10 Site validation for FARs . 55
6.10.1 General. 55
6.10.2 RSM for FAR sites . 59
6.10.3 NSA method for FAR sites . 61
6.10.4 Site validation criteria for FAR sites . 63
6.11 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower . 63
6.11.1 General. 63
6.11.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences . 64
7 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 65
7.1 General . 65
7.2 Reference test site . 66
7.3 Test site validation . 66
7.3.1 General. 66
7.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation . 67
7.4 Antenna requirements for S standard test procedure . 67
VSWR
7.4.1 General. 67
7.4.2 Transmit antenna . 68
7.4.3 Antennas and test equipment for the S reciprocal test procedure . 70
VSWR
7.5 Required positions for site validation testing . 71
7.5.1 General. 71
7.5.2 Descriptions of S measurement positions in a horizontal plane
VSWR
(Figure 23) . 71
7.5.3 Descriptions of S additional measurement positions (Figure 24) . 72
VSWR
7.5.4 Summary of S measurement positions . 73
VSWR
7.6 S site validation – standard test procedure . 76
VSWR
7.7 S site validation – reciprocal test procedure using an isotropic field
VSWR
probe . 77

– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019+AMD1:2020
+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
7.8 S conditional measurement position requirements . 78
VSWR
7.9 S site validation test report . 79
VSWR
7.10 Limitations of the S site validation method . 79
VSWR
7.11 Alternative test sites . 80
8 Common mode absorption devices . 80
8.1 General . 80
8.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements . 80
8.3 CMAD test jig . 80
8.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration . 81
8.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD . 83
8.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and
tracking generator . 84
9 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement . 86
9.1 General .
9.2 Chamber .
9.2.1 Chamber size and shape .
9.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets .
9.2.3 Stirrers .
9.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers .
9.2.5 Coupling attenuation .
10 TEM cells waveguides for immunity to radiated disturbance measurements . 89
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas . 90
A.1 General . 90
A.2 Preferred antennas . 90
A.2.1 General. 90
A.2.2 Calculable antenna . 90
A.2.3 Low-uncertainty antennas . 90
A.3 Simple dipole antennas . 91
A.3.1 General. 91
A.3.2 Tuned dipole . 92
A.3.3 Shortened dipole . 92
A.4 Broadband antenna parameters . 93
A.4.1 General. 93
A.4.2 Antenna type . 94
A.4.3 Specification of the antenna . 94
A.4.4 Antenna calibration . 95
A.4.5 Antenna user information . 95
Annex B (XXX) (Void) . 96
Annex C (normative) Large-loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 97
C.1 General . 97
C.2 Construction of an LLAS . 97
C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA) . 97
C.4 Validation of an LLAS . 102
C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna. 105
C.6 Conversion factors . 107
C.6.1 General. 109
C.6.2 Current conversion factors for an LLAS with non-standard diameter . 110
C.6.3 Conversion of LLAS measured current to magnetic field strength . 111

+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
C.7 Examples . 113
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 6) . 115
D.1 General . 115
D.2 Ground plane construction . 115
D.2.1 Material . 115
D.2.2 Roughness . 115
D.3 Services to EUT . 116
D.4 Weather-protection enclosure construction . 116
D.4.1 Materials and fasteners . 116
D.4.2 Internal arrangements . 117
D.4.3 Size . 117
D.4.4 Uniformity with time and weather . 117
D.5 Turntable and set-up table . 117
D.6 Receive antenna mast installation . 118
Annex E (xxx) (Void) . 119
Annex F (informative) Basis for ± 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 6) . 120
F.1 General . 120
F.2 Error analysis. 120
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS
using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair (see 6.6) . 122
G.1 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using the averaging technique . 122
G.2 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using a REFTS . 123
G.3 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using an antenna pair
reference site attenuation . 124
Annex H (informative) Definition of uncertainty in cross-polar response measurement . 125
H.1 General . 125
H.2 Example uncertainty estimate . 127
H.3 Rationale for the estimates of input quantities in Table H.1 and Table H.3 . 128
H.4 Measurement of XPR below 100 MHz at an OATS . 129
Annex I (informative) Measurement uncertainties of COMTS validation results in the
frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 131
I.1 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using the NSIL method . 131
I.2 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using the RSM method . 133
Annex J (normative) Derivation of NSIL values in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30
MHz . 135
J.1 General . 135
J.2 Magnetic field antenna factor . 135
J.3 Site insertion loss . 137
J.4 Normalized site insertion loss . 138
J.5 NSIL tables . 142
Annex K (informative) Recommendations for the design of test sites in the frequency
range 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 147
K.1 General . 147
K.2 Dimensions and quality of the ground plane . 147
K.3 Obstruction free area . 148
K.4 Resonance-free area . 148

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+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
Annex L (informative) Accuracy of NSIL values in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30
MHz . 150
L.1 General . 150
L.2 Cross check of NEC with analytic formulas . 150
L.3 Recommended NEC versions . 151
L.4 Instabilities at the lower frequency end . 152
L.5 Extrapolation methods to solve instabilities . 152
L.6 Reducing the number of segments to solve instabilities . 152
Annex M (informative) Example calculation for 10 m SACs that do not fulfil the ±4 dB
criterion within 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 153
Annex N (normative) Calibration of the sum of magnetic field antenna factors in the
frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 156
N.1 General . 156
N.2 Calibration procedure . 156
N.3 Measurement uncertainties . 157
Bibliography . 159

Figure 34 – Example of size-compliant loop antenna. 21
Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflection at a 3 m site, showing the beamwidth half-angle, ϕ,
at the reflected ray . 24
Figure 2 – RX antenna E-plane radiation pattern example, with limit area shaded for 3
m distance and 2 m EUT width . 28
Figure 3 – Determination of maximum useable EUT width using half-power beamwidth . 29
Figure 4 – Determination of maximum useable EUT height using half-power beamwidth . 29
Figure 35 – General arrangement of the three measurement orientations H , H and
x y
H , where d is the measurement distance and h is the height of the reference point . 32
z
Figure 36 – Antenna positions. 33
Figure 37 – Antenna positions. 34
Figure 38 – Test set-up for V with power amplifier and attenuator . 35
DIRECT
Figure 5 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable . 38
Figure 6 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT . 38
Figure 7 – Test point locations for 3 m and 10 m test distances . 47
Figure 8 – Paired test point locations for all test distances . 49
Figure 9 – Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m . 49
Figure 10 – Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on A . 50
APR
Figure 11 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements . 53
Figure 12 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements . 53
Figure 13 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 54
Figure 14 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 54
Figure 15 – Measurement positions for FAR site validation . 57
Figure 16 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for FAR site
validation . 59
Figure 17 – Typical quasi free-space test site reference SA measurement set-up . 61

+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
Figure 18 – Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different
measurement distances [see Equation (16)] . 63
Figure 19 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view) . 65
Figure 20 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) . 65
Figure 21 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example (this example is for
informative purposes only) . 69
Figure 22 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (this example is for informative
purposes only) . 70
Figure 23 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane (see 7.5.2 for
VSWR
description) . 71
Figure 24 – S positions (height requirements) . 73
VSWR
Figure 25 – S conditional measurement position requirements . 79
VSWR
Figure 26 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig . 81
Figure 27 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration . 83
Figure 28 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to the provisions of
8.1 to 8.3 . 84
Figure 29 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig . 85
Figure 30 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer . 85
Figure 31 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network . 86
Figure 32 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer .
Figure 33 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 32 .
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω. 93
L
Figure C.1 – The LLAS, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-loop antennas . 99
Figure C.2 – An LLA containing two opposite slits, positioned symmetrically with

respect to the current probe C . 100
Figure C.3 – Construction of an LLA slit . 100
Figure C.4 – Example of an LLA slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board
to obtain a rigid construction . 101
Figure C.5 – Construction of the metal box containing the current probe . 101
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to minimize
capacitive coupling from the leads to the LLAS . 102
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole during validation

of an LLA . 103
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for an LLA of 2 m diameter Reference validation factors
for loops of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m diameters . 104
Figure C.9 – Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna . 107
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and C [for
dA dV
conversion into dB(µV/m)] for two standard measuring distances d .
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m .
Figure C.10 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D relative to an LLA with 2 m
D
diameter . 110
Figure C.11 – Conversion factor C [for conversion into dB(μA/m)] for three standard
dA
measurement distances d . 112
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane . 116
Figure J.1 – Investigation of wire radius, normalized to 0,001 m . 139

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+AMD2:2023 CSV  IEC 2023
Figure J.2 – Investigation of feed point location (not to scale) . 140
Figure J.3 − Variation of NSIL values for various set-ups, for a distance
of 3 m, h = 1,3 m . 142
Figure J.4 − Specification of feed point location for tabular values (not to scale) . 143
Figure J.5 − Calculation examples, loop diameter 60 cm, feed point location
per Figure J.4 . 145
Figure K.1 − Recommended minimum dimensions of the ground plane (top view) . 147
Figure K.2 − Recommended obstruction free area (top view) . 148
Figure L.1 – Comparison of NSIL values by analytic formulas and computer simulation . 151
Figure M.1 – Example site validation result . 154
Figure M.2 – U calculated from site validation result. 155
lab
Figure M.3 – Frequency-dependent correction factor . 155
Figure N.1 – Antenna arrangement for the sum of antenna factors method . 157

Table 9 – Maximum frequency step size . 32
Table 10 – Acceptance criterion . 36
Table 1 – Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC, and FAR
site types . 40
Table 2 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – recommended geometries for
N
a
broadband antennas (1 of 2) . 43
Table 3 – Example template for A data sets . 46
APR
Table 4 – RSM frequency steps . 46
Table 5 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 55
Table 6 – Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation . 59
Table 7 – S measurement position designations (1 of 3). 74
VSWR
Table 8 – S reporting requirements . 79
VSWR
Table C.1 – Reference validation factors of Figure C.8 for loops of 2 m, 3 m, and 4 m
diameters . 105
Table C.2 – Sensitivity S of an LLA with diameter D relative to an LLA with 2 m
D
diameter (Figure C.10) . 111
Table C.3 – Magnetic field strength conversion factor C for three measurement
dA
distances (Figure C.11) . 113
Table D.1 – Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances . 116
Table F.1 – Error budget . 120
Table G.1 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the large-OATS
averaging technique. 122
Table G.2 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS . 123
Table G.3
...