IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015

IEC TS 62607-4-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-08
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics –
Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage – Contact and coating
resistivity measurements for nanomaterials
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IEC TS 62607-4-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-08
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics –

Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage – Contact and coating

resistivity measurements for nanomaterials

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 07.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-2851-7

– 2 – IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 8
4 Sample preparation methods . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Reagents . 9
4.2.1 Casting slurry. 9
4.2.2 Isolator substrates . 9
4.2.3 Metal collector strips and sample layout . 9
4.3 Preparation of the electrode nanomaterial test samples . 9
5 Measurement of electric properties . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Coating resistivity . 10
5.2.1 Demarcation of method . 10
5.2.2 Measurement of the sample thickness . 10
5.2.3 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10
5.3 Contact resistivity . 11
5.3.1 Demarcation of method . 11
5.3.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 11
6 Data analysis / interpretation of results . 11
6.1 Coating resistivity . 11
6.2 Contact resistivity . 12
Annex A (informative) Case study . 13
A.1 Sample preparation . 13
A.2 Results for a supercap EDLC-electrode and a lithium-ion battery NCM-
cathode . 15
A.2.1 Linear correlation between current and voltage of the electrode coating
resistance of a supercap electrode (ohmic behaviour) . 15
A.2.2 Results for coating resistivity . 16
A.2.3 Results of measurement of contact resistivity . 17
Bibliography . 18

Figure 1 – Layout of the coating (left) and contact (right) resistivity measurement . 9
Figure A.1 – Sample preparation . 13
Figure A.2 – Construction steps . 15
Figure A.3 – Correlation between current and voltage of the coating resistance of
various supercap EDLC-electrodes (variation in amount of carbon black additive in the
electrode recipe) . 15
Figure A.4 – Coating resistivity of supercap electrodes with variation in the amount of
carbon black in the electrode composite recipe and sample thickness. . 16
Figure A.5 – Coating resistivity of NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode with variation
in the amount of NCM, binder to carbon black value and sample thickness . 16

Figure A.6 – Contact resistivity of a supercap electrode in the state “as cast” and
“densified” . 17
Figure A.7 – Contact resistivity of a NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode
(81,3 vol.-% NCM) in the state “as cast” and “as densified” . 17

– 4 – IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 © IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
NANOMANUFACTURING – KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS –

Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage –
Contact and coating resistivity measurements for nanomaterials

FOREWORD
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Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.
IEC 62607-4-3, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 113: Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and
systems.
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
113/239/DTS 113/263A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title
Nanomanufacturing – Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• transformed into an International Standard,
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

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– 6 – IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 © IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
The future utilization of renewable energy technologies including e-mobility for individual
transportation significantly depends on the development of efficient systems for energy
storage. From today's perspective, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and their derivative
concepts are regarded as the most promising innovative candidates.
A high energy density for the desired power and a long life time (recharge characteristics) are
the two most important criteria for electrode materials. Because many electrochemically active
materials such as metal oxides show an inherently lower and insufficient conductivity for the
electron transport, composite materials with carbon nanomaterial content are used for
optimization of the current flow in the electrodes of a battery. The electrochemical reactions
and the ensuing energy density of the battery cells are influenced by the movement of
electrons in a composite. Furthermore, the electronic contact resistivity between the electrode
material and the metal collector is important to realize a low ohmic internal resistance of the
battery or capacitor device.
This part of IEC 62607 provides standard methods to measure coating and contact resistivity
of nano-enabled electrode materials and to evaluate the best combinations of the composite
material recipes and fabrication technologies for carbon containing coatings of such nano-
enabled electrodes. Following this method will allow comparison of the results of different
research groups.
This standardized method is intended for comparing the contact and coating resistivity of
composite materials with carbon nanomaterial content in the study stage, not for evaluating
the electrode in end products.
The method is applicable for nano-enabled materials exhibiting function or performance only
possible with nanotechnology, intentionally added to composite materials for measurable and
significant improvement of the current flow in the electrodes of electrical energy storage
devices.
In this context it is important to note that the percentage content of nanomaterial of the device
in question has no direct relation to the applicability of this part of IEC 62607, because minute
quantities of nanomaterial are frequently sufficient to improve the performance significantly.
The fraction of nanomaterials in electrodes, electrode coatings, separators or electrolyte is
not of relevance for using this method.

NANOMANUFACTURING – KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS –

Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage –
Contact and coating resistivity measurements for nanomaterials

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62607 provides a standardized test method for the measurement of contact
and coating resistivity of nano-enabled electrode materials. This method will enable a
customer to:
a) decide whether or not a coating composite material is usable, and
b) select best combinations of coating composite material with fabrication technologies
suitable for their application.
This part of IEC 62607 includes:
– definitions of terminology used in this part of IEC 62607,
– recommendations for sample preparation,
– outlines of the experimental procedures used to measure and calculate the contact and
coating resistivity,
– methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis, and
– a case study.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies – Vocabulary – Part 1: Core terms
3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and the
following apply.
3.1.1
electrode nanomaterial
material used in nano-enabled energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries or super-
capacitors which contains a fraction o
...