IEC 61034-1:2005

IEC 61034-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 1: Test apparatus
Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 1: Appareillage d'essai

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IEC 61034-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –

Part 1: Test apparatus
Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des

conditions définies –
Partie 1: Appareillage d'essai

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0901-1

– 2 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5

1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Details of test enclosure . 6
5 Photometric system . 7
6 Standard fire source . 7
7 Smoke mixing . 8
8 Blank test . 8
8.1 Purpose . 8
8.2 Procedure . 8
9 Qualification of test apparatus . 8
10 Qualification burning test . 8
10.1 Purpose . 8
10.2 Preparation of cube . 9
10.3 Qualification fire sources . 9
10.4 Test procedure . 9
10.5 Calculation . 9
10.6 Requirements . 9

Annex A (informative) Guidance notes . 12

Bibliography . 14

Figure 1 – Plan view of test chamber . 10
Figure 2 – Photometric system . 11
Figure 3 – Metal tray . 11

61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 1: Test apparatus
FOREWORD
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This consolidated version of IEC 61034-1 consists of the third edition (2005) [documents
20/754/FDIS and 20/766/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2013) [documents 20/1428/FDIS and
20/1443/RVD]. It bears the edition number 3.1.

The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.

– 4 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
International Standard IEC 61034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20: Electric
cables.
The principal changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) closer definition of the draught screen and the chamber orifices;
b) closer definition of the support for the cable(s) under test;
c) removal of minor differences with equivalent CENELEC work to allow parallel voting with
that body.
It has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 61034 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of smoke
density of cables burning under defined conditions,
Part 1: Test apparatus
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
The measurement of smoke density is an important aspect in the evaluation of the burning
performance of cables as it is related to the evacuation of persons and accessibility for
firefighting.
IEC 61034 is published in two parts, which together specify a method of test for measurement
of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. Users of this test are reminded
that the configurations of cable in the test (i.e. as test pieces or bundles of test pieces) may not
represent actual installation conditions.
This Part 1 gives details of the test apparatus and verification procedure to be used for the
measurement of smoke density of the products of combustion of cables burnt under defined
conditions. It includes details of a test enclosure of 27m volume, a photometric system for
light measurement, the fire source, smoke mixing method and a qualification procedure. Annex
A gives guidance on various aspects of the test apparatus which may be useful when first
constructing the test enclosure.
Part 2 gives the test procedure, together with an informative annex giving recommended
requirements for compliance where no specified requirement is given in the particular cable
standard or specification.
– 6 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 1: Test apparatus
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61034 provides details of the test apparatus to be used for measuring smoke
emission when electric or optical fibre cables are burnt under defined conditions, for example,
a few cables burnt horizontally. The light transmittance (l ) under flaming combustion and
t
smouldering conditions can be used as a means of comparing different cables or complying
with specific requirements.
NOTE For the purposes of this standard, the term "electric cable" covers all insulated metallic conductor cables
used for the conveyance of energy or signals.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60695-4 apply, or if a term
is not defined in IEC 60695-4 then the definition in ISO/IEC 13943 applies.
4 Details of test enclosure
The equipment shall comprise a cubic enclosure with inside dimensions of 3 000 mm ± 30 mm
and constructed of a suitable material fixed on to a steel angle frame. One side shall have a
door, with a glass inspection window. Transparent sealed windows (minimum size
100 mm × 100 mm) shall be provided on two opposite sides to permit the transmission of a
beam of light from the horizontal photometric system. The distance from the floor to the centre
of these windows shall be 2 150 mm ± 100 mm (see Figure 1 for plan view).
The walls of the enclosure shall include orifices at ground level (i.e. not greater than 100 mm
above the level of the chamber floor) for the passage of cables, etc., and to permit the
enclosure to be at atmospheric pressure.
No orifice shall be directly behind the fire source or on the same wall. A minimum of two
orifices shall be provided and the total area of the orifices open during the test shall be
2 2
50 cm ± 10 cm .
NOTE 1 Two orifices, each with an area of 25 cm² ± 5 cm², and located on two opposite walls, one under the light
source and one under the receiver have been found to be suitable.

61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 7 –
The ambient temperature outside the enclosure shall be 20 °C ± 10 °C and the enclosure shall
not be directly exposed to sunlight or extreme climatic changes.
NOTE 2 It should normally be possible to extract fumes from the enclosure after each test through a duct
complete with valve which should be closed during the test. The duct may include a fan to increase the rate of
extraction. It is recommended that the door of the enclosure be opened to assist the extraction process.
A draught screen, 1 500 mm ± 50 mm long and 1 000 mm ± 50 mm high, shall be placed in the
enclosure, at the position shown in Figure 1. It shall abut on the back wall (with a maximum
gap of 10 mm) at a point 750 mm ± 25 mm from the side wall, and shall be curved to intersect
the centre line of the enclosure at a point 1 400 mm ± 25 mm from the point of abutment.
5 Photometric system
5.1 The photometric system is illustrated in Figure 2. The light source and the receiver shall
be placed externally in the centre of both windows in the two opposite walls of the cube without
making physical contact. The light beam shall traverse the cube through the glass windows in
the side walls.
The light source shall be a halogen lamp with a tungsten filament with a clear quartz bulb
5.2
having the following characteristics:
nominal power: 100 W;
nominal voltage: 12 V d.c.;
nominal luminous flux: 2 000 lm to 3 000 lm;
nominal colour temperature: 2 800 K to 3 200 K.
The bulb shall be supplied with a voltage of 12,0 V ± 0,1 V (mean value). During the test, the
voltage shall be stabilized to a range of ± 0,01 V (see A.2c) for additional guidance.) The lamp
shall be mounted in a housing and the beam adjusted by a lens system to give an evenly
illuminated circular area of 1,5 m ± 0,1 m diameter on the interior of the opposite wall.
5.3 The receptor photocell shall be of the selenium or silicon type with a spectral response
matching the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) photopic observer (equivalent to
the human eye). The photocell shall be mounted at the end of 150 mm ± 10 mm tube with a
dust protection window at the other end. The inside of the tube shall be matt black to prevent
reflections. The photocell shall be connected to a potentiometric recorder to produce a linear
proportional output. The cell shall be resistance-loaded to operate in its linear range and the
input impedance of the recorder shall be at least 10 times greater than the load resistance of
the cell which shall not exceed 100 Ω.
5.4 The photometric system shall be energized before the blank test. When stability has been
attained, the zero and full scale reading of the recorder shall be adjusted for light on the
detector corresponding to 0 % (absence of light) and 100 % luminous transmission.
NOTE 1 Periodically, for example at the beginning of a test series, the performance of the photocell should be
verified by placing standard neutral density filters in the light beam. It is essential that these filters cover the entire
optical port of the photocell and the values of transmittance measured by the photocell give a value of parameter A
within ± 5 % of the calibrated value of the filter. The filters should also permit the verification of the linearity of
response of the detector which should be proportional to the transmittance of light in the range used.
NOTE 2 Most neutral density filters are designated according to a parameter defined as absorbance which is the
same as the parameter A defined in 10.5 which may be used to convert measured transmittance.
6 Standard fire source
The standard fire source shall be 1,00 l ± 0,01 l of alcohol having the following composition by
volume:
ethanol: 90 % ± 1 %
methanol: 4 % ± 1 %
– 8 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
water: 6 % ± 1 %.
When a denaturing agent is added to the alcohol, it shall have no effect on the smoke emission
of any cable under test.
The alcohol shall be contained in a tray made from galvanized or stainless steel with jointed
sealed edges, a trapezoidal trunk section and the following interior dimensions (see Figure 3):
bottom base: (210 ± 2) mm × (110 ± 2) mm;
top base: (240 ± 2) mm × (140 ± 2) mm;
height: (80 ± 2) mm;
thickness of tray: (1,0 ± 0,1) mm.
The tray shall be supported at a height of 100 mm ± 10 mm from the floor on an open sided
framework to permit air circulation around and beneath the tray.
7 Smoke mixing
In order to ensure uniform distribution of the smoke, a table-type fan shall be placed on the
floor of the cube as shown in Figure 1, the fan axis being between 200 mm and 300 mm from
the floor and the distance from the wall being 500 mm ± 50 mm. The fan shall have a blade
3 3
sweep of 300 mm ± 60 mm and a flow rate of 7 m /min to 15 m /min. Air shall then be blown
horizontally by the fan during the tests but the ignition source shall be protected by the screen
as shown.
NOTE Suitable fans may be found by reference to IEC 60879: 1986.
8 Blank test
8.1 Purpose
The purpose of the blank test is to condition the interior of the cube to the specified
temperature range, when necessary, prior to carrying out tests.
8.2 Procedure
8.2.1 Burn approximately 1 l of alcohol as detailed in Clause 6, in order to preheat the test
enclosure.
8.2.2 Purge the inside of the cube of all combustion products by operating the extraction
system.
9 Qualification of test apparatus
In order to ensure that the combination of the test cube and the optical system produce results
consistent with other test cubes when identical cables are burnt under the same conditions, the
test apparatus shall be subject to qualification. Qualification shall be achieved by carrying out
the qualification burning test (see Clause 10). The test apparatus shall meet the stated
requirements.
10 Qualification burning test
10.1 Purpose
The purpose of the qualification burning test is to verify that the smoke produced in the cube
gives A values within the limits quoted in 10.6 for both of the alcohol/ toluene fire sources
C
described in 10.3.
61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 9 –
10.2 Preparation of cube
Clean the windows of the photometric system to regain 100 % transmission after stabilization
of the voltage.
Immediately before commencing the test, the temperature inside the cube shall be within the
range 25 °C ± 5 °C when measured at the internal door surface at a height of 1,5 m to 2,0 m
and a minimum of 0,2 m from the walls. If necessary, carry out a blank test in order to
condition the interior of the cube to the specific temperature range.
10.3 Qualification fire sources
Two mixtures, a) and b), of PA (pro analysis) toluene and alcohol (as defined in Clause 6) shall
be made up in the following proportions by volume as follows:
a) 4 parts toluene to 96 parts alcohol,
b) 10 parts toluene to 90 parts alcohol,
using a pipette and volumetric flask for accuracy of measurement.
The two mixtures shall be prepared by measuring the required quantity of toluene, 40 ml for a)
or 100 ml for b), into a 1,0 l volumetric flask using a pipette and adding alcohol up to the 1,0 l
calibration mark.
NOTE PA toluene has a purity greater than 99,5 %.
The mixtures shall be contained in a tray as described in Clause 6.
10.4 Test procedure
Burn 1 l ± 0,01 l of the test solutions specified in 10.3. Record the minimum of the measured
transmittance level I during the test.
t
10.5 Calculation
Calculate the measured parameter (A ) as follows:
m
I
I
A =lg A =lg
m 10 m
I I
t t(min)
“where I is the initial transmittance level of incident light and I is the minimum of the

0 t(min)
measured transmittance level during the qualification test.”
Calculate the standard parameter (A ):
C
A
Volume of cube (m )
m
A = ×
C
% toluene Optical light path (m)
10.6 Requirements
The calculated values of A shall fall between the following limits:
C
2 2
4 % toluene: 0,18 m to 0,26 m ;
2 2
10 % toluene: 0,80 m to 1,20 m .
Dimensions in millimetres
– 10 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
3 000 ± 30
1 500 ± 25
750 ± 25
1 400 ± 25
1 500 ± 50
IEC  547/05
Key
1 light source 6 optical path height 2 150 ± 100
3 3
2 draught screen (height 1 000 ± 50) 7 fan flow 7 m /min to 15 m /min
3 direction of air flow from fan 8 photocell
4 cable support 9 door
5 alcohol tray
Figure 1 – Plan view of test chamber
500 ± 50
500 ± 25
1 500 ± 25
3 000 ± 30
61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 11 –
Dimensions in millimetres
5 +
−
3 000
IEC  548/05
Key
1 reflector 5 light beam
2 voltage supply 12,0 V ± 0,1 V(stabilized range ± 0,01 V) 6 windows of the cube
3 quartz/halogen bulb 7 window for dust protection
4 lens system 8 tube, matt finished inside
9 photocell
The light source and the photocell shall be physically isolated from the walls of the cube.
The diameter of the cone of light on the opposite face from the source is approximately 1,5 m.

Figure 2 – Photometric system
Dimensions in millimetres
IEC  549/05
Height: 80
Thickness: 1 ± 0,1
Other tolerances: ±2
Figure 3 – Metal tray
– 12 – 61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013
Annex A
(informative)
Guidance notes
A.1 The chamber environment and ignition source
a) Early test chamber requirements included a specification for the walls to ensure that the
heat loss was uniform, for example similar to 2 mm of steel. This has lost its significance
now that the toluene verification procedure has been introduced.
b) It is important to provide for pressure equalization and suitable arrangements should be
made.
c) Condensation at the lower end of the operating temperature range can cause anomalous
results; for example, 15 °C is unacceptable, 18 °C is the minimum, and 20 °C (as specified)
the safe minimum.
d) The tray containing the toluene mixture should be raised above floor level to permit air
circulation.
e) The water content in the alcohol can significantly affect values of smoke production. Thus,
for the calibration test it is important to take into account the water content in the ethanol to
ensure that the percentage is within the defined limits, and to carry out the test within 2 h of
mixing.
f) The fan throughput should either be certified or checked by a suitable means, for example
using an anemometer at the end of a tube having a diameter of the blade sweep and of
sufficient length, i.e. 1,0 m.
A.2 Optical system
a) There is no reason to verify the output of the light source as the actual power plays no part
in the accuracy of the test and the bulbs may be operated until failure; this is because all
measurements of l I are relative to the initial I .
t t 0
b) The effect of the colour temperature and the emissivity of the bulbs at various wavelengths
are also minimal, particularly when the fact that the receptor is weighted for human eye
response is considered. Loss of some intensity at the "blue" end or gain of intensity at the
"red" end of the spectrum due to the normal ageing of these bulbs, is irrelevant because
these wavelengths contribute very little when "weighted" by the receptor.
c) The above effects also make the precision of the initial d.c. voltage applied across the bulb
of little importance. Thus, if 12,1 V or 11,9 V is used instead of 12,0 V d.c. the effect is
merely to change the absolute intensity and also to alter the colour temperature. These two
effects, as stated above, have minimal effects on the results. The crucial feature of the
voltage applied to the bulb is that it be kept stable to a very close tolerance. Thus, it is ideal
to maintain the voltage at ±0,01 V for the duration of the test but it is largely irrelevant
whether the absolute voltage is stablized at 11,9 V, 12,0 V or 12,1 V.
d) The receptor cell is designed to operate well within its linear range. For example, the
selenium cell Megatron MF45 becomes non-linear at an output voltage of 40 mV. The
actual output under the illumination conditions in the cube is about 3,5 mV.
e) The use of standard neutral density filters is needed to determine that the relative response
of the system stays in the same order on a month-by-month basis.
Before the calibration of the photometric system, it is desirable that the filters are calibrated
to confirm the specified nominal values.
___________
Megatron MF45 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by the IEC of this product.

61034-1  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 13 –
When any change is made to the intensity of the light beam after calibration, confirmation of
linear response to the filters should be obtained, for example by using a suitable light
meter.
f) The relative nature of the I /I measurement means that, in theory, there is little or no need
0 t
to clean the windows of the optical system prior to use. In practice, there is a reason for
cleaning after each test. The reason is related to the reflection from the detector window
which varies considerably with small amounts of deposited smoke. It is possible to have
more light transmitted after some smoke has been deposited because of the reduction in
reflection qu
...

IEC 61034-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 1: Test apparatus
Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 1: Appareillage d'essai

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IEC 61034-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –

Part 1: Test apparatus
Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des

conditions définies –
Partie 1: Appareillage d'essai

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-7653-2

IEC 61034-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 1: Test apparatus
Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 1: Appareillage d'essai

– 2 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Details of test enclosure . 6
5 Photometric system . 7
6 Standard fire source . 7
7 Smoke mixing . 8
8 Blank test . 8
8.1 Purpose . 8
8.2 Procedure . 8
9 Qualification of test apparatus . 8
10 Qualification burning test . 8
10.1 Purpose . 8
10.2 Preparation of cube . 9
10.3 Qualification fire sources . 9
10.4 Test procedure . 9
10.5 Calculation . 9
10.6 Requirements . 9
Annex A (informative) Guidance notes . 12
Bibliography . 14

Figure 1 – Plan view of test chamber . 10
Figure 2 – Photometric system . 11
Figure 3 – Metal tray . 11

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –
Part 1: Test apparatus
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendments has been
prepared for user convenience.
IEC 61034-1 edition 3.2 contains the third edition (2005-04) [documents 20/754/FDIS and
20/766/RVD], its amendment 1 (2013-06) [documents 20/1428/FDIS and 20/1443/RVD] and
its amendment 2 (2019-11) [documents 20/1885/FDIS and 20/1893/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available
in this publication.
– 4 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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International Standard IEC 61034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20:
Electric cables.
The principal changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) closer definition of the draught screen and the chamber orifices;
b) closer definition of the support for the cable(s) under test;
c) removal of minor differences with equivalent CENELEC work to allow parallel voting with
that body.
It has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 61034 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of smoke
density of cables burning under defined conditions,
Part 1: Test apparatus
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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INTRODUCTION
The measurement of smoke density is an important aspect in the evaluation of the burning
performance of cables as it is related to the evacuation of persons and accessibility for
firefighting.
IEC 61034 is published in two parts, which together specify a method of test for measurement
of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. Users of this test are reminded
that the configurations of cable in the test (i.e. as test pieces or bundles of test pieces) may
not represent actual installation conditions.
This Part 1 gives details of the test apparatus and verification procedure to be used for the
measurement of smoke density of the products of combustion of cables burnt under defined
conditions. It includes details of a test enclosure of 27m volume, a photometric system for
light measurement, the fire source, smoke mixing method and a qualification procedure.
Annex A gives guidance on various aspects of the test apparatus which may be useful when
first constructing the test enclosure.
Part 2 gives the test procedure, together with an informative annex giving recommended
requirements for compliance where no specified requirement is given in the particular cable
standard or specification.
– 6 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 1: Test apparatus
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61034 provides details of the test apparatus to be used for measuring smoke
emission when electric or optical fibre cables are burnt under defined conditions, for example,
a few cables burnt horizontally. The light transmittance (l ) under flaming combustion and
t
smouldering conditions can be used as a means of comparing different cables or complying
with specific requirements.
NOTE For the purposes of this standard, the term "electric cable" covers all insulated metallic conductor cables
used for the conveyance of energy or signals.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60695-4 apply, or if a
term is not defined in IEC 60695-4 then the definition in ISO/IEC 13943 applies.
4 Details of test enclosure
The equipment shall comprise a cubic enclosure with inside dimensions of 3 000 mm ± 30 mm
and constructed of a suitable material fixed on to a steel angle frame. One side shall have a
door, with a glass inspection window. Transparent sealed windows (minimum size
100 mm × 100 mm) shall be provided on two opposite sides to permit the transmission of a
beam of light from the horizontal photometric system. The distance from the floor to the centre
of these windows shall be 2 150 mm ± 100 mm (see Figure 1 for plan view).
The walls of the enclosure shall include orifices at ground level (i.e. not greater than 100 mm
above the level of the chamber floor) for the passage of cables, etc., and to permit the
enclosure to be at atmospheric pressure.
No orifice shall be directly behind the fire source or on the same wall. A minimum of two
orifices shall be provided and the total area of the orifices open during the test shall be
2 2
50 cm ± 10 cm .
NOTE 1 Two orifices, each with an area of 25 cm² ± 5 cm², and located on two opposite walls, one under the light
source and one under the receiver have been found to be suitable.

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The ambient temperature outside the enclosure shall be 20 °C ± 10 °C and the enclosure
shall not be directly exposed to sunlight or extreme climatic changes.
NOTE 2 It should normally be possible to extract fumes from the enclosure after each test through a duct
complete with valve which should be closed during the test. The duct may include a fan to increase the rate of
extraction. It is recommended that the door of the enclosure be opened to assist the extraction process.
A draught screen, 1 500 mm ± 50 mm long and 1 000 mm ± 50 mm high, shall be placed in
the enclosure, at the position shown in Figure 1. It shall abut on the back wall (with a
maximum gap of 10 mm) at a point 750 mm ± 25 mm from the side wall, and shall be curved
to intersect the centre line of the enclosure at a point 1 400 mm ± 25 mm from the point of
abutment.
5 Photometric system
5.1 The photometric system is illustrated in Figure 2. The light source and the receiver shall
be placed opposite each other externally, in the centre of both windows in the two opposite
walls of the cube without making physical contact, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The light
beam shall traverse the cube through the glass windows in the side walls.
5.2 The light source shall be a halogen lamp with a tungsten filament with a clear quartz
bulb having the following characteristics:
nominal power: 100 W;
nominal voltage: 12 V d.c.;
nominal luminous flux: 2 000 lm to 3 000 lm;
nominal colour temperature: 2 800 K to 3 200 K.
The bulb shall be supplied with a voltage of 12,0 V ± 0,1 V (mean value). During the test, the
voltage shall be stabilized to a range of ± 0,01 V (see A.2c) for additional guidance.) The
lamp shall be mounted in a housing and the beam adjusted by a lens system to give an evenly
illuminated circular area of 1,5 m ± 0,1 m diameter on the interior of the opposite wall.
5.3 The receptor photocell shall be of the selenium or silicon type with a spectral response
matching the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) photopic observer (equivalent to
the human eye). The photocell shall be mounted at the end of 150 mm ± 10 mm tube with a
dust protection window at the other end. The inside of the tube shall be matt black to prevent
reflections. The photocell shall be connected to a potentiometric recorder to produce a linear
proportional output. The cell shall be resistance-loaded to operate in its linear range and the
input impedance of the recorder shall be at least 10 times greater than the load resistance of
the cell which shall not exceed 100 Ω.
5.4 The photometric system shall be energized before the blank test. When stability has
been attained, the zero and full scale reading of the recorder shall be adjusted for light on the
detector corresponding to 0 % (absence of light) and 100 % luminous transmission.
NOTE 1 Periodically, for example at the beginning of a test series, the performance of the photocell should be
verified by placing standard neutral density filters in the light beam. It is essential that these filters cover the entire
optical port of the photocell and the values of transmittance measured by the photocell give a value of parameter A
A (defined in 10.5) within ± 5 % of the calibrated value of the filter. The filters should also permit the verification
m
of the linearity of response of the detector which should be proportional to the transmittance of light in the range
used.
NOTE 2 Most neutral density filters are designated according to a parameter defined as absorbance which is the
same as the parameter A defined in 10.5 which may be used to convert measured transmittance.
6 Standard fire source
The standard fire source shall be 1,00 l ± 0,01 l of alcohol having the following composition by
volume:
ethanol: 90 % ± 1 %
– 8 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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methanol: 4 % ± 1 %
water: 6 % ± 1 %.
When a denaturing agent is added to the alcohol, it shall have no effect on the smoke
emission of any cable under test.
The alcohol shall be contained in a tray made from galvanized or stainless steel with jointed
sealed edges, a trapezoidal trunk section and the following interior dimensions (see Figure 3):
bottom base: (210 ± 2) mm × (110 ± 2) mm;
top base: (240 ± 2) mm × (140 ± 2) mm;
height: (80 ± 2) mm;
thickness of tray: (1,0 ± 0,1) mm.
The tray shall be supported at a height of 100 mm ± 10 mm from the floor on an open sided
framework to permit air circulation around and beneath the tray.
7 Smoke mixing
In order to ensure uniform distribution of the smoke, a table-type fan shall be placed on the
floor of the cube as shown in Figure 1, the fan axis being between 200 mm and 300 mm from
the floor and the distance from the wall being 500 mm ± 50 mm. The fan shall have a blade
3 3
sweep of 300 mm ± 60 mm and a flow rate of 7 m /min to 15 m /min. Air shall then be blown
horizontally by the fan during the tests but the ignition source shall be protected by the screen
as shown.
NOTE Suitable fans may be found by reference to IEC 60879: 1986.
8 Blank test
8.1 Purpose
The purpose of the blank test is to condition the interior of the cube to the specified
temperature range, when necessary, prior to carrying out tests.
8.2 Procedure
8.2.1 Burn approximately 1 l of alcohol as detailed in Clause 6, in order to preheat the test
enclosure.
8.2.2 Purge the inside of the cube of all combustion products by operating the extraction
system.
9 Qualification of test apparatus
In order to ensure that the combination of the test cube and the optical system produce
results consistent with other test cubes when identical cables are burnt under the same
conditions, the test apparatus shall be subject to qualification. Qualification shall be achieved
by carrying out the qualification burning test (see Clause 10). The test apparatus shall meet
the stated requirements.
10 Qualification burning test
10.1 Purpose
The purpose of the qualification burning test is to verify that the smoke produced in the cube
gives AC values within the limits quoted in 10.6 for both of the alcohol/ toluene fire sources
described in 10.3.
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10.2 Preparation of cube
Clean the windows of the photometric system to regain 100 % transmission after stabilization
of the voltage.
Immediately before commencing the test, the temperature inside the cube shall be within the
range 25 °C ± 5 °C when measured at the internal door surface at a height of 1,5 m to 2,0 m
and a minimum of 0,2 m from the walls. If necessary, carry out a the blank test in accordance
with Clause 8 in order to condition the interior of the cube to the specific temperature range.
10.3 Qualification fire sources
Two mixtures, a) and b), of PA (pro analysis) toluene and alcohol (as defined in Clause 6)
shall be made up in the following proportions by volume as follows:
a) 4 parts toluene to 96 parts alcohol,
b) 10 parts toluene to 90 parts alcohol,
using a pipette and volumetric flask for accuracy of measurement.
The two mixtures shall be prepared by measuring the required quantity of toluene, 40 ml for a)
or 100 ml for b), into a 1,0 l volumetric flask using a pipette and adding alcohol up to the 1,0 l
calibration mark.
NOTE 1 PA toluene has a purity greater than 99,5 %.
The mixtures shall be contained in a tray as described in Clause 6.
NOTE 2 The type of material of the tray (galvanized steel or stainless steel) in combination with the condition of
the tray can have an impact on the results of the qualification burning test. Experience has shown that galvanized
steel results in higher values of the standard parameter A and stainless steel in lower values. Ageing of the
C
galvanized tray results in lower values of the standard parameter A .
C
10.4 Test procedure
Burn 1 l ± 0,01 l of the test solutions specified in 10.3. Record the minimum of the measured
transmittance level I during the test.
t
10.5 Calculation
Calculate the measured parameter (A ) as follows:
m
I I
0 0
A =lg A =lg
m 10 m
I I
t t(min)
“where I is the initial transmittance level of incident light and I is the minimum of the
0 t(min)
measured transmittance level during the qualification test.”
Calculate the standard parameter (A ):
C
A Volume of cube (m )
m
A = ×
C
% toluene Optical light path (m)
10.6 Requirements
The calculated values of A shall fall between the following limits:
C
2 2
4 % toluene: 0,18 m to 0,26 m ;
2 2
10 % toluene: 0,80 m to 1,20 m .

– 10 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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Dimensions in millimetres
3 000 ± 30
1 500 ± 25
750 ± 25
1 400 ± 25
1 500 ± 50
IEC  547/05
Key
1 light source 6 optical path height 2 150 ± 100
3 3
2 draught screen (height 1 000 ± 50) 7 fan flow 7 m /min to 15 m /min
3 direction of air flow from fan 8 photocell
4 cable support 9 door
5 alcohol tray
Figure 1 – Plan view of test chamber
500 ± 50
500 ± 25
1 500 ± 25
3 000 ± 30
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
Dimensions in millimetres
3 150
+
−
3 000
IEC  548/05
Key
1 reflector 5 light beam
2 voltage supply 12,0 V ± 0,1 V(stabilized range ± 0,01 V) 6 windows of the cube
3 quartz/halogen bulb 7 window for dust protection
4 lens system 8 tube, matt finished inside
9 photocell
The light source and the photocell shall be physically isolated from the walls of the cube.
The diameter of the cone of light on the opposite face from the source is approximately 1,5 m.

Figure 2 – Photometric system
Dimensions in millimetres
IEC  549/05
Height: 80
Thickness: 1 ± 0,1
Other tolerances: ±2
Figure 3 – Metal tray
– 12 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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Annex A
(informative)
Guidance notes
A.1 The chamber environment and ignition source
a) Early test chamber requirements included a specification for the walls to ensure that the
heat loss was uniform, for example similar to 2 mm of steel. This has lost its significance
now that the toluene verification procedure has been introduced.
b) It is important to provide for pressure equalization and suitable arrangements should be
made.
c) Condensation at the lower end of the operating temperature range can cause anomalous
results; for example, 15 °C is unacceptable, 18 °C is the minimum, and 20 °C (as
specified) the safe minimum.
d) The tray containing the toluene mixture should be raised above floor level to permit air
circulation.
e) The water content in the alcohol can significantly affect values of smoke production. Thus,
for the calibration test it is important to take into account the water content in the ethanol
to ensure that the percentage is within the defined limits, and to carry out the test within
2 h of mixing.
f) The fan throughput should either be certified or checked by a suitable means, for example
using an anemometer at the end of a tube having a diameter of the blade sweep and of
sufficient length, i.e. 1,0 m.
A.2 Optical system
a) There is no reason to verify the output of the light source as the actual power plays no
part in the accuracy of the test and the bulbs may be operated until failure; this is because
all measurements of l I are relative to the initial I .
t t 0
b) The effect of the colour temperature and the emissivity of the bulbs at various
wavelengths are also minimal, particularly when the fact that the receptor is weighted for
human eye response is considered. Loss of some intensity at the "blue" end or gain of
intensity at the "red" end of the spectrum due to the normal ageing of these bulbs, is
irrelevant because these wavelengths contribute very little when "weighted" by the
receptor.
c) The above effects also make the precision of the initial d.c. voltage applied across the
bulb of little importance. Thus, if 12,1 V or 11,9 V is used instead of 12,0 V d.c. the effect
is merely to change the absolute intensity and also to alter the colour temperature. These
two effects, as stated above, have minimal effects on the results. The crucial feature of
the voltage applied to the bulb is that it be kept stable to a very close tolerance. Thus, it is
ideal to maintain the voltage at ±0,01 V for the duration of the test but it is largely
irrelevant whether the absolute voltage is stablized at 11,9 V, 12,0 V or 12,1 V.
d) The receptor cell is designed to operate well within its linear range. For example, the
selenium cell Megatron MF45 becomes non-linear at an output voltage of 40 mV. The
actual output under the illumination conditions in the cube is about 3,5 mV.
e) The use of standard neutral density filters is needed to determine that the relative
response of the system stays in the same order on a month-by-month basis.
___________
Megatron MF45 is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this standard and does not constitute an endorsement by the IEC of this product.

+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
Before the calibration of the photometric system, it is desirable that the filters are
calibrated to confirm the specified nominal values.
When any change is made to the intensity of the light beam after calibration, confirmation
of linear response to the filters should be obtained, for example by using a suitable light
meter.
f) The relative nature of the I /I measurement means that, in theory, there is little or no
0 t
need to clean the windows of the optical system prior to use. In practice, there is a reason
for cleaning after each test. The reason is related to the reflection from the detector
window which varies considerably with small amounts of deposited smoke. It is possible to
have more light transmitted after some smoke has been deposited because of the
reduction in reflection quality of the surface. Cleaning the windows after each test or
series of tests ensures more consistency.
Alternatively, a continuous flow of air having a maximum flow rate of 2 l/min may be
permitted to sweep the window surfaces during the test.
g) The light source is set up to give a diffuse and defocused area for two reasons. One has
already been described, but the main one is to allow the photocell to sample a small part
of a large, evenly illuminated area. This will prevent the situation where, for example, a
bright patch exists just outside of the area monitored by the cell which then, when some
smoke is produced, scatters light into the cell giving a false reading.
For this reason, the diameter of the light area should not be too small and should conform
to the specified limits.
– 14 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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Bibliography
IEC 60879:1986, Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators

__________
– 16 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 17
INTRODUCTION . 19
1 Domaine d'application . 20
2 Références normatives . 20
3 Termes et définitions . 20
4 Détails de l'enceinte d'essai . 20
5 Système photométrique . 21
6 Source de chaleur normalisée . 22
7 Homogénéisation des fumées . 22
8 Essai à blanc . 22
8.1 Objet . 22
8.2 Procédure . 22
9 Qualification de l'appareil d'essai . 22
10 Essai de combustion de qualification . 23
10.1 Objet . 23
10.2 Préparation du caisson . 23
10.3 Sources de combustion de qualification . 23
10.4 Procédure d'essai . 23
10.5 Calcul . 23
10.6 Exigences . 24
Annexe A (informative) Guide pour la procédure d'essai . 26
A.1 Environnement de la chambre et source d'inflammation . 26
A.2 Système optique . 26
Bibliographie . 28

Figure 1 – Vue en plan de l'enceinte d'essai . 24
Figure 2 – Système photométrique . 25
Figure 3 – Bac métallique . 25

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COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
_____________
MESURE DE LA DENSITÉ DE FUMÉES DEGAGÉES PAR DES CÂBLES
BRÛLANT DANS DES CONDITIONS DÉFINIES –
Partie 1: Appareillage d’essai
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l'IEC). L'IEC a pour
objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines
de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, l'IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes
internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au
public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l'IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des
comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'IEC, participent
également aux travaux. L'IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l'IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l'IEC
intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l'IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l'IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l'IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l'IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l'IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l'IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l'IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L'IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l'IEC. L'IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à l'IEC, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou
mandataires, y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités
nationaux de l'IEC, pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre
dommage de quelque nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais
de justice) et les dépenses découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de l'IEC ou de
toute autre Publication de l'IEC, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de l'IEC peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de brevet. L'IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits
de brevets et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
Cette version consolidée de la Norme IEC officielle et de ses amendements a été
préparée pour la commodité de l'utilisateur.
L'IEC 61034-1 édition 3.2 contient la troisième édition (2005-04) [documents 20/754/FDIS
et 20/766/RVD], son amendement 1 (2013-06) [documents 20/1428/FDIS et 20/1443/RVD]
et son amendement 2 (2019-11) [documents 20/1885/FDIS et 20/1893/RVD].
Dans cette version Redline, une ligne verticale dans la marge indique où le contenu
technique est modifié par les amendements 1 et 2. Les ajouts sont en vert, les
suppressions sont en rouge, barrées. Une version Finale avec toutes les
modifications acceptées est disponible dans cette publication.

– 18 – IEC 61034-1:2005+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
La Norme internationale IEC 61034-1 a été établie par le comité d’études 20 de l'IEC: Câbles
électriques.
Les principaux changements par rapport à l’édition précédente sont:
a) une définition plus précise de l’écran et des orifices;
b) une définition plus précise du support pour les câbles essayés;
c) la suppression des petites différences par rapport aux travaux du CENELEC pour obtenir
un vote parallèle sur le contenu du texte.
Elle a le statut de publication groupée de sécurité, conformément au Guide 104 de l'IEC.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2.
L'IEC 61034 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Mesure de la
densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des conditions définies,
Partie 1: Appareillage d’essai
Partie 2: Procédure d’essai et exigences
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de ses amendements ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de l’IEC sous
"http://webstore.iec.ch" dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date,
la publication sera
• reconduite,
• supprimée,
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
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