IEC 63145-10:2023

IEC 63145-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Eyewear display –
Part 10: Specifications
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IEC 63145-10 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Eyewear display –
Part 10: Specifications
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 31.120  ISBN 978-2-8322-7465-1

– 2 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
4 Specification tables . 7
4.1 Generic specification tables . 7
4.2 Basic specification tables . 9
5 Common conditions for basic specifications . 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Spectral directional transmittance . 11
5.2.1 Measurement methods . 11
5.2.2 Measurement conditions . 11
5.2.3 Calculation conditions . 11
5.3 Maximum centre luminance (full-screen white) . 11
5.3.1 Measurement methods . 11
5.3.2 Measurement conditions . 11
5.4 Minimum centre luminance (full-screen white) . 11
5.4.1 Measurement methods . 11
5.4.2 Measurement conditions . 12
5.5 Luminance uniformity (full-screen white) . 12
5.5.1 Measurement methods . 12
5.5.2 Measurement conditions . 12
5.5.3 Calculation conditions . 12
5.6 Centre contrast ratio . 12
5.6.1 Measurement methods . 12
5.6.2 Measurement conditions . 12
5.6.3 Calculation conditions . 13
5.7 Diagonal FOV . 13
5.7.1 Measurement methods . 13
5.7.2 Measurement conditions . 13
5.8 Number of electrically addressable pixels . 13
5.9 Eye-box width and height . 13
5.9.1 Measurement method . 13
5.9.2 Measurement conditions . 13
6 Specifications for AR displays . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Specification tables of transmittance and luminance (AR-type) . 14
6.3 Classification and applicable cases . 14
6.3.1 Spectral directional transmittance . 14
6.3.2 Luminance ratio of virtual image versus background . 17
7 Specifications for video see-through eyewear displays . 21
7.1 General . 21
7.2 Specification table to see the image . 21
7.3 Video see-through eyewear display – Luminance ratio . 21

Annex A (informative) Example of illuminance of a scene . 23
A.1 Illuminance of indoor scene . 23
A.2 Illuminance of outdoor scene . 23
Annex B (informative) Back side stray light . 24
Bibliography . 25

Figure 1 – Examples of ambient illuminations . 18
Figure 2 – Image in video see-through eyewear display . 21

Table 1 – Blank detail specification table of optical characteristics (applicable to AR
and VR) . 7
Table 2 – Blank detail specification table of optical characteristics (applicable to AR) . 9
Table 3 – Blank basic specification table (AR-type) . 10
Table 4 – Blank basic specification table (VR-type) . 10
Table 5 – Specification table of transmittance and luminance (AR-type) . 14
Table 6 – Classifications of transmittance . 15
Table 7 – Level of transmittance for applicable use cases and illuminance . 15
Table 8 – Range of luminance ratio . 19
Table 9 – Direction to automatic and manual luminance adjustments . 20
Table 10 – Specification table of luminance (for eyewear displays excluding optically
see-through displays) . 21

– 4 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
EYEWEAR DISPLAY –
Part 10: Specifications
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63145-10 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 110: Electronic displays. It is an
International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
110/1539/FDIS 110/1560/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.

A list of all parts in the IEC 63145 series, published under the general title Eyewear display,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
EYEWEAR DISPLAY –
Part 10: Specifications
1 Scope
This part of IEC 63145 establishes specifications and requirements for eyewear displays. This
document is applicable to virtual reality (VR)-type (non-see-through) and augmented reality
(AR)-type (see-through) eyewear displays using virtual image optics. The specifications and
requirements for prescription lenses are out of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 63145-1-2, Eyewear display – Part 1-2: Generic – Terminology
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, Eyewear display – Part 20-10: Fundamental measurement methods –
Optical properties
IEC 63145-20-20:2019, Eyewear display – Part 20-20: Fundamental measurement methods –
Image quality
IEC 63145-22-10:2020, Eyewear display – Part 22-10: Specific measurement methods for AR
type – Optical properties
IEC 63145-22-20 , Eyewear display – Part 22-20: Specific measurement methods for AR type
– Image quality
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 63145-1-2 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
___________
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC AFDIS 63145-22-20:2023.

3.1.1
number of electrically addressable pixels
total number of physical pixels which are electrically accessible and constitute the micro display
that is used to display the image
Note 1 to entry: It is described by H × V, where H and V are the numbers of horizontal and vertical pixels,
respectively.
Note 2 to entry: This term does not consider the kind of sub-pixel arrangement.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
AR augmented reality
DUT device under test
FOV field of view
LCD liquid crystal display
LMD light measuring device
VR virtual reality
4 Specification tables
4.1 Generic specification tables
Table 1 and Table 2 shall be applied as the generic specification tables of optical characteristics
of eyewear displays. These tables show the list of items which specifies the optical
characteristics of eyewear displays.
Table 1 – Blank detail specification table of optical characteristics
(applicable to AR and VR)
VR AR
Measurement
Characteristics Symbol Unit
methods
Min. Max. Min. Max.
Monocular characteristics
Maximum centre IEC 63145-20-
L
- -
cd/m
vCM
luminance 10:2019, 6.3
Minimum centre IEC 63145-20-
L
- -
cd/m
vCm
luminance 10:2019, 6.3
L
vi
IEC 63145-20-
Nine-point luminance
cd/m
10:2019, 6.3
(i = 0 to 8)
IEC 63145-20-
L
Average luminance
cd/m
va
10:2019, 6.3
IEC 63145-20-
Luminance uniformity U %
10:2019, 6.3
Luminance non- IEC 63145-20-
NU %
uniformity 10:2019, 6.3
(x , y ),
Chromaticity of white at W W IEC 63145-20-

the centre (u' , v' ) 10:2019, 6.4
W W
(x , y ),
Chromaticity of red at R R IEC 63145-20-

the centre (u ', v' ) 10:2019, 6.4
R R
(x , y ),
Chromaticity of green at G G IEC 63145-20-

the centre (u' , v' ) 10:2019, 6.4
G G
(x , y ),
Chromaticity of blue at B B IEC 63145-20-

the centre (u' , v' ) 10:2019, 6.4
B B
– 8 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
VR AR
Measurement
Characteristics Symbol Unit
methods
Min. Max. Min. Max.
IEC 63145-20-
GA
Chromaticity gamut %
u'v’
10:2019, 6.4
IEC 63145-20-
(Δu’v’)
Chromaticity uniformity
max
10:2019, 6.5
IEC 63145-20-
CR
Centre contrast ratio
C
10:2019, 6.6
Cr
i
IEC 63145-20-
Nine-point contrast ratio
10:2019, 6.6
(i = 0 to 8)
IEC 63145-20-
CR
Averaged contrast ratio
a
10:2019, 6.6
IEC 63145-20-
NU
Contrast non-uniformity %
CR
10:2019, 6.6
Diagonal FOV based on IEC 63145-20-
A
degree
d, I
luminance 10:2019, 6.7
Diagonal FOV based on IEC 63145-20-
A
degree
d, MC
Michelson contrast 20:2019, 6.7
Horizontal, vertical FOV IEC 63145-20-
A , A
degree
H, I V, I
based on luminance 10:2019, 6.7
Horizontal, vertical FOV
IEC 63145-20-
A , A
based on Michelson degree
H, MC V, MC
20:2019, 6.7
contrast
Eye-box width, height IEC 63145-20-
W , H
mm
BOX, I BOX, I
based on luminance 10:2019, 6.8
Eye-box width, height
W ,
IEC 63145-20-
BOX, MC
based on Michelson mm
H
20:2019, 6.8
BOX, MC
contrast
IEC 63145-20-
a
δ
%
Distortion
vh
20:2019, 6.3
Colour registration error IEC 63145-20-
ε
degree
vh, red
(red-green) 20:2019, 6.4
Colour registration error IEC 63145-20-
ε
degree
vh, blue
(blue-green) 20:2019, 6.4
C
M,i, freq
IEC 63145-20-
b
Michelson contrast
lp/degree
20:2019, 6.5
(i =0 to 8)
Centre focal distance IEC 63145-20-
-1
D
m
(dioptre) 20:2019, 6.6
Number of electrically
R , R
pixel
H V
addressable pixels
Eye relief ER mm
a 2
“Distortion” is referred to as “geometrical distortion” in ISO 9241-305 [1] .
b
”lp” stands for “line pair”.
NOTE “Number of electrically addressable pixels” and “Eye relief” are specified by the manufacturer or the supplier.

For multi-point measurement such as that of nine-point luminance, the positions of
measurement points shall be reported.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

For FOV measurements, several measurement methods based on luminance (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), chromaticity (see IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), contrast ratio (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7) and Michelson contrast (see IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.7) are
proposed. The type of FOV measurement method which was used for evaluation shall be
reported.
For eye-box measurements, several measurement methods based on luminance
(IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.8) and Michelson contrast (IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.8) are
proposed. The type of eye-box measurement method which was used for evaluation shall be
reported.
NOTE 1 Table 1 and Table 2 show the list of optical characteristics of eyewear displays. For example, when
presenting product specifications in a catalogue, etc., one or more items in Table 1 and Table 2 will be filled. Not
necessarily all items will be shown in the product specifications. The table shows the range of performance of
characteristic items for multiple eyewear displays with a specific model number.
NOTE 2 For characterizing and reporting characteristics of eyewear display devices, it is useful to consider that
performance can be affected by body temperature as well as ambient conditions.
Table 2 – Blank detail specification table
of optical characteristics (applicable to AR)
AR
Characteristics Symbol Unit Measurement methods
Min. Max.
Monocular characteristics
T
Directional transmittance %  IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1
0/0
Chromaticity difference
∆u'v'
IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.2
0/0
through DUT
H
Front side stray light %  IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.3
de/0
Contrast modulation
C
(Michelson contrast) through %  IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.4
CM
DUT
4.2 Basic specification tables
Subclause 4.2 contains requirements for style and layout of basic specification tables. These
requirements are applicable when the detail specification is published.
Table 3 and Table 4, which are subsets of Table 1 and Table 2, shall be applied as the basic
specification tables of AR-type and VR-type eyewear displays, respectively. These tables show
the minimum required optical items for users to know the basic characteristics of AR-type and
VR-type eyewear displays. When presenting product specifications in a catalogue, etc., all items
should be filled.
All of the parameters in Table 3 or Table 4 shall be shown in the detail specification. Any
additional values shall be given at the appropriate place, but without subclause number(s).
For FOV measurements, several measurement methods based on luminance (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), chromaticity (see IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), contrast ratio (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7) and Michelson contrast (see IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.7) are
proposed. The supplier or the manufacturer can pick either method. The type of FOV
measurement method which was used for evaluation shall be reported.

– 10 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
For eye-box measurements, several measurement methods based on luminance
(IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.8) and Michelson contrast (IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.8) are
proposed. The supplier or the manufacturer can pick either method. The type of eye-box
measurement method which was used for evaluation shall be reported.
NOTE Table 3 and Table 4 show the list of basic optical characteristics of eyewear displays. For example, when
presenting product specifications in a catalogue, etc., all items in Table 3 and Table 4 will be filled.
Table 3 – Blank basic specification table (AR-type)
Subclause Parameters Symbol Unit Value Measurement methods
T
5.2 Directional transmittance % IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1
0/0
Maximum centre luminance
L
5.3 IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
cd/m
vCM
(full-screen white)
Minimum centre luminance
L
5.4 IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
cd/m
vCm
(full-screen white)
Luminance uniformity (full-
5.5 U % IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
screen white)
CR
5.6 Centre contrast ratio  IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.6
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7
A
5.7 Diagonal FOV degree
d
IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.7
Number of electrically
R , R
5.8 pixel
H V
addressable pixels
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.8
W ,
BOX
5.9 Eye-box width and height mm
H
BOX IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.8
Table 4 – Blank basic specification table (VR-type)
Subclause Parameters Symbol Unit Value Measurement methods
Maximum centre luminance
L
5.3 cd/m IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
vCM
(full-screen white)
Minimum centre luminance
L
5.4 IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
cd/m
vCm
(full-screen white)
Luminance uniformity (full-
5.5 U % IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3
screen white)
CR
5.6 Centre contrast ratio  IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.6
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7
A
5.7 Diagonal FOV degree
d
IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.7
Number of electrically
R , R
5.8 pixel
H V
addressable pixels
W , IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.8
BOX
5.9 Eye-box width and height mm
H
BOX IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.8
5 Common conditions for basic specifications
5.1 General
Clause 5 provides the common conditions for basic specifications defined in 4.2. When
presenting product specifications in a catalogue, etc., all items shall follow the conditions
specified in Clause 5.
NOTE When a user compares different products, an accurate comparison cannot be achieved unless the
specifications are described under unified conditions. In Clause 5, the unified conditions are defined for users’
convenience.
5.2 Spectral directional transmittance
5.2.1 Measurement methods
The measurement methods specified in IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1, shall be applied.
5.2.2 Measurement conditions
The measurement conditions specified in IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1, shall be applied.
5.2.3 Calculation conditions
The definition of transmittance T specified by Formula (1) in IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1.4,
0/0
shall be applied.
The following calculation conditions shall be applied: the wavelength range shall be at least
from 380 nm to 780 nm.
NOTE The integral range is not determined in IEC 63145-22-10:2020, 6.1. In order to evaluate transmittance in the
visible spectrum range, the integral is carried out for sufficient wavelength range.
5.3 Maximum centre luminance (full-screen white)
5.3.1 Measurement methods
The measurement method specified in IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.
5.3.2 Measurement conditions
The following measurement conditions based on IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.
– If the DUT has a functionality to adjust luminance, it shall be set to its maximum level.
– The display image is the full-screen white pattern.
– The measuring point of the image is P .
NOTE The multi-point luminance measurement method is specified in IEC 63145-20-10. The centre point P is
utilized as the representative point for the centre of the virtual image.
5.4 Minimum centre luminance (full-screen white)
5.4.1 Measurement methods
The measurement methods specified in IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.

– 12 – IEC 63145-10:2023 © IEC 2023
5.4.2 Measurement conditions
The following measurement conditions based on IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.
– If the DUT has a functionality to adjust luminance, it shall be set to its minimum level but
not zero.
– The display image is the full-screen white pattern.
.
– The measuring point of image is P
NOTE In some displays, it can be possible to change the luminance even if the RGB signals are the same, for
example by changing the current to the backlight. The item in 5.4.2 is the minimum centre luminance with full-screen
white input signal. Thus, reducing the luminance adjustment setting of the DUT with full white image at maximum
signal input is intended. Tonal adjustments of RGB signals, such as setting them to the minimum level, are not
intended.
5.5 Luminance uniformity (full-screen white)
5.5.1 Measurement methods
The measurement methods specified in IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.
5.5.2 Measurement conditions
The following measurement conditions based on IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.3, shall be applied.
– If the DUT has a functionality to adjust luminance, it shall be set to its maximum level.
– The display image is the full-screen white pattern.
5.5.3 Calculation conditions
The uniformity U is defined as
min Li= 0 to 8
{ }
vi
U ×100
(1)
max Li= 0 to 8
{ }
vi
where
U is the uniformity, expressed in %;
L is the luminance value of the measurement at the position P (i = 0 to 8) specified in
vi i
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 5.4, expressed in cd/m .
NOTE The definition of uniformity U, whose range is 0 % ≤ U ≤ 100 %, and which is specified in IEC 62977-2-1:2021,
[2], 6.5 is applied.
5.6 Centre contrast ratio
5.6.1 Measurement methods
The measurement methods specified in IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.6, shall be applied.
5.6.2 Measurement conditions
The following measurement conditions based on IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.6, shall be applied.
– If the DUT has a functionality to adjust luminance, it shall be set to its maximum level.
– The measuring point of the image is P .
=
5.6.3 Calculation conditions
The definition of contrast ratio CR specified by Formula (7) in IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.6,shall
be applied as the centre contrast ratio.
5.7 Diagonal FOV
5.7.1 Measurement methods
For FOV measurements, several measurement methods based on luminance (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), chromaticity (see IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7), contrast ratio (see
IEC 63145-20-10:2019, 6.7) and Michelson contrast (see IEC 63145-20-20:2019, 6.7) are
proposed. The supplier or the manufacturer can pick either method. One of the measurement
methods above shall be applied. The type of FOV measurement method which was used for
evaluation shall be reported.
5.7.2 Measurement conditions
The following measurement conditions shall be applied.
– If the DUT has a functionality to adjust luminance, it shall be set to its maximum level.
NOTE FOV is mainly determined by luminance (edge of bright image) in the industry. FOV can also be determined
in terms of contrast modulation and spatial resolution.
...