IEC 62759-1:2015

IEC 62759-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic (PV) modules – Transportation testing –
Part 1: Transportation and shipping of module package units

Modules photovoltaïques (PV) – Essais de transport –
Partie 1: Transport et expédition d'unités d'emballage de modules

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IEC 62759-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2015-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic (PV) modules – Transportation testing –

Part 1: Transportation and shipping of module package units

Modules photovoltaïques (PV) – Essais de transport –

Partie 1: Transport et expédition d'unités d'emballage de modules

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322--2757-2

– 2 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 3
1 Scope and object . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Sampling . 7
5 Handling . 7
6 Testing procedures . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Measurements . 11
6.3 Transportation testing . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Random vibration testing . 11
6.3.3 Shock testing . 12
6.4 Environmental stress tests . 13
6.4.1 PV modules . 13
6.4.2 CPV modules and receivers . 14
7 Reporting . 14
Annex A (normative) Test profiles . 16
A.1 Overview . 16
A.2 Data points of appropriate PSD test profiles . 16

Figure 1 – Test sequences for PV modules . 9
Figure 2 – Test sequences for CPV modules . 10
Figure A.1 – Appropriate PSD test profile . 18

Table A.1 – Severity of common transport test profiles: complete and in range (5 Hz –
200 Hz) . 16
Table A.2 – Main reference ASTM D4169 (truck medium) . 17
Table A.3 – Grid points ISO 13355 . 17
Table A.4 – IEC 60068-2-64 / MIL STD 810G . 17
Table A.5 – ISTA 3E . 17

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
TRANSPORTATION TESTING –
Part 1: Transportation and shipping of module package units

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62759-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar
photovoltaic energy systems.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
82/962/FDIS 82/982/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
A list of all parts of IEC 62759 series, under the general title Photovoltaic (PV) modules –
Transportation testing, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
TRANSPORTATION TESTING –
Part 1: Transportation and shipping of module package units

1 Scope and object
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are electrical devices intended for continuous outdoor exposure
during their lifetime. Existing type approval standards do not consider mechanical stresses
that may occur during transportation to the PV installation destination.
This part of IEC 62759 describes methods for the simulation of transportation of complete
package units of modules and combined subsequent environmental impacts, it does however
not include pass/fail criteria.
This standard is designed so that its test sequence can co-ordinate with those of IEC 61215
or IEC 61646, so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the transportation
simulation and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic module design. This standard
applies to flat plate photovoltaic modules, but may also be used as a basis for testing of CPV
modules and assemblies.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance:
Shock
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance
IEC 61215:2005, Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design
qualification and type approval
IEC 61646:2008, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and
type approval
IEC 61730-2:2004, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 2: Requirements for
testing
IEC TS 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems – Terms, definitions and symbols
IEC 62108:2007, Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies – Design
qualification and type approval
IEC 62782, Dynamic mechanical load testing for photovoltaic (PV) modules (to be published)
ISO 13355, Packaging – Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads – Vertical random
vibration test
– 6 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
ASTM D880-92:2008, Standard Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and
Systems
ASTM D4169:2008, Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and
Systems
ASTM D4728:2006, Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping
Containers
ASTM D5277:1992, Test method for performing programmed horizontal impact using an
incline impact tester
ISTA 3E:2009, Unitized Loads of Same Product
MIL STD 810G, Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and
Laboratory Tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 61836:1999 and
the following apply.
3.1
bandwidth
difference in Hz between the upper and lower limits of a frequency band. For the purposes of
the described test method, the bandwidth may be considered equivalent to the frequency
resolution of a spectrum analysis
3.2
overall g
RMS
square root of the integral of power spectral density over the total frequency range. It
describes the severity or harshness of the testing grade
3.3
root mean square
r.m.s.
square root of the mean square value. In the exclusive case of a sine wave, the r.m.s. value is
0,707 times peak value
3.4
random vibration
oscillation whose instantaneous amplitude is not prescribed for any given instant in time. The
instantaneous amplitudes of a random vibration are prescribed by a probability distribution
function, the integral of which, over a given amplitude range, will give the probable
percentage of time that the amplitude will fall within that range. Random vibration contains no
periodic or quasi-periodic components
3.5
packaging
material and technology used to protect goods from transportation stresses and separate
individual units from each other
3.6
power spectral density
PSD
expression of random vibration in terms of mean-square acceleration per unit of frequency.
2 2
/Hz (g /cycles/s). Power spectral density is the limit of the mean square
The units are g
amplitude in a given rectangular waveband divided by the bandwidth, as the bandwidth
approaches zero
3.7
grade A PV modules
100 % functional modules without any visual or functional defects
3.8
grade B or lower PV modules
grade B or lower modules may have visual or functional defects. The modules should be
equivalent to grade A modules regarding their mass, size and mechanical behavior.
4 Sampling
As test samples for the basic transportation and shock test methods, a shipping unit of PV
modules shall be taken at random from a production batch or batches. The shipping unit shall
contain the usual amount of PV modules. This test procedure is however designed for
shipping units containing at least 10 modules. For further testing (path A and B for PV
modules) at least six grade A modules are needed from the shipping unit.
Further three grade A modules are to be taken from a separate shipping unit not undergoing
any transportation simulation.
Grade B or lower modules can be used to fill up the shipping system (uniform distribution) of
samples, completing it to a regular shipping unit. Each individual substitute shall cover the
same mass, size and bending stiffness as the modules to be tested in the subsequent
environmental impact tests.
The shipping unit shall contain at least 25 % grade A modules. If the shipping unit contains
less than 24 modules at least six grade A modules shall be provided.
In case of horizontal shipping the bottom and the top of the shipping unit shall be made up
with grade A modules and in case of vertical shipping the outer modules of the shipping unit
shall be made up with grade A modules.
Use the regular shipment packaging materials with the modules, as marketed and designed
by the manufacturer.
The modules shall have been manufactured from specified materials and components in
accordance with the relevant drawings and process sheets and shall have been subjected to
the manufacturer's normal inspection, quality control and production acceptance procedures.
The modules shall be complete in every detail, including a type label and shall be
accompanied by the manufacturer's handling, mounting, shipping/packaging and installation
instructions, including the information of the maximum permissible system voltage.
The shipping unit of test specimen shall be in accordance with the standard procedures used
to ship modules to customers.
NOTE For CPV modules the sample numbers may vary, as shipping units may be much larger.
5 Handling
The test samples shall be handled with suitable care prior to the application of the tests
described in this standard. It shall be ensured that the test samples are not exposed to
additional mechanical impacts in form of shocks, rough handling, dropping, etc.

– 8 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
For the transportation from the manufacturer to the test laboratory special care should be
taken to avoid any kind of damage. A special packaging concept may be considered for this
particular shipping route (manufacturer – test site). Testing shall be carried out without
additional packaging.
6 Testing procedures
6.1 General
Performance measurements, insulation and wet leakage current testing shall be performed in
accordance with IEC 61215:2005 respectively IEC 61646:2008, 10.2, 10.3 and 10.15 as
relative initial and control measurements. Electroluminescence or thermal images can be
used to support the evaluation of the samples initial and intermediate status (e. g. micro
cracks, defects, etc.).
The initial and visual inspection in accordance with IEC 61215:2005, 10.1 or IEC 61646:2008,
10.1 for PV modules and IEC 62108:2007, 10.1 for CPV modules shall also be part of the
assessment.
The actual transportation test is shown in Figure 1 for PV modules; Figure 2 shows a possible
test sequence for CPV modules. The sequences of combined transportation stress testing and
the possible effects of these impacts on the PV modules shall detect early failures in regards
to future life-time stresses.
If a manufacturer wishes to combine the testing to this standard with type approval testing,
sequence A of Figure 1 can also be used in conjunction with IEC 61215 respectively
IEC 61646 testing. Combined testing will increase the risk of failure in type approval testing,
as the transportation testing will pose additional stress to the samples.
Sequence B of Figure 1 could be extended with the UV preconditioning test and then also be
coordinated with IEC 61215 respectively IEC 61646.
The proposed test sequence in Figure 2 for CPV modules can also be adjusted to coordinate
with IEC 62108. The sequence shall be adjusted depending on whether receivers or modules
are tested. For receivers, instead of the pre-thermal cycling and humidity freeze test, the
thermal cycling test according to IEC 62108:2007, 10.8 may be performed.
Separate modules, that have not undergone any transportation testing, are also subjected to
the stress tests in sequences A and B. Failures induced by the transportation simulation and
potentially worsen defects due to the environmental stress tests shall be identified in
comparison to the modules tested without any transportation pre-damages.

IEC
* See 6.2 for details on measurements.
Figure 1 – Test sequences for PV modules

– 10 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015

IEC
* See 6.2 for details on measurements.
Figure 2 – Test sequences for CPV modules

6.2 Measurements
Each initial, intermediate and final measurement shall characterize the electrical performance
of the PV modules and document the influence of the stress tests. The initial, intermediate
and final measurements are:
• Visual inspection according to IEC 61215:2005, IEC 61646:2008, respectively
IEC 62108:2007, 10.1
• Maximum power determination according to IEC 61215:2005, IEC 61646:2008,
respectively IEC 62108:2007, 10.2
• Insulation test according to IEC 61215:2005, IEC 61646:2008, 10.3 respectively
IEC 62108:2007, 10.4
• Ground continuity test according to IEC 61730-2:2004,10.4 respectively IEC 62108, 10.3
• Wet leakage current test according to IEC 61215:2005, IEC 61646:2008, 10.15
respectively IEC 62108, 10.5
• Optionally electroluminescence (only for PV modules) or infrared imaging can be used for
analysing modules for cracked or broken solar cells, etc.
While the maximum power determination is only a relative measurement, some PV
technologies may require preconditioning according to their respective type approval standard
to arrive at meaningful data.
6.3 Transportation testing
6.3.1 General
Performing tests of random vibration and various shock tests on the complete package
system of modules simulates road transportation and the related mechanical impacts on
shipping units and the (C)PV modules that are contained within.
NOTE Sequence B of Figure 1 can be extended by the UV preconditioning test to be able to coordinate with
IEC 61215 or IEC 61646 if desired.
While the (C)PV modules are carefully unpacked, the modules shall be marked: the original
packaging situation and the module position within the package shall be adequately
documented.
After the initial measurements described in 6.2, the modules shall be restored to their original
packaged condition in order to perform the tests described under 6.3.2 and 6.3.3.
6.3.2 Random vibration testing
6.3.2.1 Purpose
Transportation simulation is achieved through a random vibration test. Truck transportation is
considered to be the most severe method of long distance transportation for shipping goods.
The truck transportation test therefore covers most other means of transportation.
6.3.2.2 Apparatus
Test equipment as described in ASTM D4728:2006, section 5 – Apparatus, shall be used.
6.3.2.3 Procedure
The transportation simulation shall be performed in accordance with ASTM D4169 with one
complete stack of modules:
The applied test profile shall meet the following requirements:

– 12 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
a) A frequency range of within 5 Hz to 200 Hz.
b) A test severity not below 0,49 g as described in Annex A.
RMS
c) The test duration shall last at least 180 min.
d) Excitation axis: vertical.
Following the random vibration test, a series of shock tests shall be carried out on the
shipping unit.
6.3.3 Shock testing
6.3.3.1 Vertical shock test
6.3.3.1.1 Purpose
A shock test according to IEC 60068-2-27 shall be performed. This test procedure simulates
stresses as may be caused by potholes or sidewalk edges which are not covered by the
random vibration test.
6.3.3.1.2 Apparatus
Test equipment as described in IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Clause 4 shall be used.
The following deviations will be tolerated, if the applied variations are explained and clearly
documented in the report:
• Extension of the mounting table in order to fit larger package units in an appropriate way.
6.3.3.1.3 Procedure
100 half sinusoidal shocks with duration of 11 ms shall be applied vertically (z direction).
6.3.3.2 Incline impact test
6.3.3.2.1 Purpose
The incline impact test shall be performed to simulate stress potentially caused by forklift
transportation.
6.3.3.2.2 Apparatus
Test equipment as described in ASTM D880 shall be used.
6.3.3.2.3 Procedure
The procedure as described in ISTA 3E, Test Block, 2 shall be followed.
6.3.3.3 Horizontal impact test
6.3.3.3.1 Purpose
For testing the integrity of the shipping unit regarding internal displacements or displacements
of the shipping goods against the palette, an incline impact test shall be performed in
accordance with ASTM D5277. This test simulates sudden deceleration and sideward
acceleration in curves during truck transportation.
6.3.3.3.2 Apparatus
Test equipment as described in ASTM D5277 shall be used.

6.3.3.3.3 Procedure
A test according to ASTM D5277 – “test method for performing programmed horizontal impact
using an incline impact tester” shall be performed. The difference to the incline impact test is
that the shipping unit is decelerated on the transport sledge / transport vehicle.
The characteristic of this impact shall be half sinusoidal shock like. The half sine shock shall
have a deceleration of 1 g and a length of 350 ms and shall be applied on each horizontal
side.
It is common to start with an initial value of 0,3 g and increase the deceleration stepwise till
the integrity of the shipping unit is damaged or the end value of 1 g is reached.
6.3.3.4 Rotational edge drop test
6.3.3.4.1 Purpose
A rotational edge drop test shall be performed to test the integrity of the shipping supporting
units pallet.
6.3.3.4.2 Apparatus
Test equipment as described in ISTA 3E, Test Block 3, shall be used.
6.3.3.4.3 Procedure
The procedure as described in ISTA 3E, Test Block 3, shall be followed.
6.4 Environmental stress tests
6.4.1 PV modules
6.4.1.1 Path A
The transportation test is followed by a thermal cycling test in accordance with
IEC 61215:2005 respectively IEC 61646:2008, 10.11 for 200 cycles. During this thermal cycle
test no current flow is required unless this test protocol is combined with an IEC 61215
respectively IEC 61646 type approval. Continuity of the circuit through the module shall still
be measured using a current flow of less than 0,5 % of short circuit current of the module
under test.
Sample allocation for path A:
a) 1 × module (highest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
b) 1 × module (lowest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
c) 1 × module from separate shipping unit.
NOTE The thermal cycling test represents the worst case variability of temperature in temperate climates. In
general, PV modules are multilayer products. Each material (layer) has a different thermal expansion. This causes
stress between the layers while thermal cycling. The cells, the joints and cell/string connectors may be especially
prone to strains.
6.4.1.2 Path B
The transportation test is followed by a dynamic mechanical load test according to IEC 62782,
a thermal cycling test according to IEC 61215 respectively IEC 61646, 10.11 with 50 cycles
and a humidity freeze test according to IEC 61215 respectively IEC 61646, 10.12. The
sequence concludes with a mechanical load test according to IEC 61215 respectively
IEC 61646, 10.16.
– 14 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
The dynamic mechanical load test for photovoltaic modules is described in IEC 62782. The
module shall be installed according to the installation manual of the manufacturer. If different
mounting techniques are possible, the worst case mounting situation shall be applied.
Sample allocation for path B:
a) 1 × module (highest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
b) 1 × module (lowest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
c) 1 × module from separate shipping unit.
6.4.2 CPV modules and receivers
The transportation test is followed by a dynamic mechanical load test acc. to IEC 62782, a
pre-thermal cycle test and a humidity freeze test according to IEC 62108:2007, 10.8. The
sequence concludes with a mechanical load test according to IEC 62108:2007, 10.13.
The dynamic mechanical load test for photovoltaic modules is described in IEC 62782. The
CPV module shall be installed according to the installation manual of the manufacturer. If
different mounting techniques are possible, the worst case mounting situation shall be
applied.
Sample allocation for CPV modules and receivers
a) 1 × module (highest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
b) 1 × module (lowest power loss relative to initial measurement after transport simulation);
c) 1 × modules from separate shipping unit.
7 Reporting
Each test report shall include at least the following information:
a) a title;
b) name and address of the test laboratory and location where the tests were carried out;
c) unique identification of the report and of each page;
d) name and address of client, where appropriate;
e) description and identification of the item tested;
f) characterization and condition of the test item;
g) date of receipt of test item and date(s) of test, where appropriate;
h) identification of test method used;
i) reference to sampling procedure, where relevant;
j) the applied standard for transportation testing and the used test profile. Any deviations
from, additions to or exclusions from the test method, and any other information relevant
to a specific tests, such as environmental conditions;
k) measurements, examinations and derived results supported by tables, graphs, sketches
and photographs respectively electroluminescence or thermal images. Of particular
importance are results indicating power loss or damages caused by the testing;
l) camera properties of electroluminescence and thermal imaging devices as well as the
used current on the PV module and the exposure time;
m) a statement of the estimated uncertainty of the test results (where relevant);
n) a signature and title, or equivalent identification of the person(s) accepting responsibility
for the content of the certificate or report, and the date of issue;
o) where relevant, a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the items tested;

p) a statement that the report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written
approval of the laboratory.
A copy of this report shall be kept by the manufacturer for reference purposes.

– 16 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
Annex A
(normative)
Test profiles
A.1 Overview
For informative purposes, the following PSD test profiles are shown and analyzed according
to the criteria defined in Clause 6.The main reference for transport testing is the PSD profile
out of the standard ASTM D4169. Other PSD profiles also fulfill the transportation testing
requirements. The relevant frequency range for examination is between 5 Hz and 200 Hz. The
result of the analysis is shown in Table A.1. The listed test profiles fulfill the requirements
which are defined in Clause 6. The listed test profiles pass the requirements which are
defined in Clause 6.
Table A.1 – Severity of common transport test profiles:
complete and in range (5 Hz – 200 Hz)
Name of test profile g (5 Hz – 200 Hz) g complete profile
RMS RMS
Main reference: ASTM D4169 (truck medium) 0,499 0,520
ISTA 3 E 0,504 0,540
MIL STD 810G / IEC 60064-2-64 0,950 1,040
ISO 13355 0,583 0,590
The resonance of PV modules depends on the construction: including mass, size and
stiffness. Tests have shown that the slowest fundamental resonance of a PV module is ~5 Hz.
Most transportation test profiles have the majority of the energy between the frequencies of
5 Hz and 200 Hz. A reasonable benchmark for different transportation test profiles for PV
modules should therefore only include vibrations between 5 Hz and 200 Hz.
A.2 Data points of appropriate PSD test profiles
The following Tables A.2 to A.5 identify the profile boundaries of the PSD excitation profiles
analysed and shown in Table A.1 and Figure A.1.

Table A.2 – Main reference ASTM D4169 Table A.5 – ISTA 3E
(truck medium)
Frequency
g /Hz
Frequency
Hz
g /Hz
Hz
1 0,0072
1 0,00005
3 0,018
4 0,01
4 0,0018
16 0,01
6 0,00072
40 0,001
12 0,00072
80 0,001
16 0,0036
200 0,00001
25 0,0036
0,520 g 30 0,00072
RMS
40 0,0036
Table A.3 – Grid points ISO 13355
80 0,0036
100 0,00036
Frequency
g /Hz
200 0,000018
Hz
3 0,0005 0,540 g
RMS
6 0,012
18 0,012
40 0,001
200 0,0005
0,590 g
RMS
Table A.4 – IEC 60068-2-64 /
MIL STD 810G
Frequency
/Hz
g
Hz
5 0,015
40 0,015
500 0,00015
1,040 g
RMS
– 18 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015

IEC
Figure A.1 – Appropriate PSD test profile
______________
– 20 – IEC 62759-1:2015  IEC 2015
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 21
1 Domaine d’application et objet . 23
2 Références normatives . 23
3 Termes et définitions . 24
4 Echantillonnage . 25
5 Manipulation . 26
6 Procédures d’essai . 26
6.1 Généralités . 26
6.2 Mesures . 30
6.3 Essais de transport . 31
6.3.1 Généralités . 31
6.3.2 Essais de vibration aléatoire . 31
6.3.3 Essais de chocs . 31
6.4 Essais de contrainte environnementale . 33
6.4.1 Modules PV . 33
6.4.2 Modules et récepteurs CPV . 34
7 Rapport . 34
Annexe A (normative) Profils d'essai . 35
A.1 Vue d'ensemble . 35
A.2 Points de données des profils d’essai PSD appropriés . 35

Figure 1 – Séquences d’essai pour modules PV . 28
Figure 2 – Séquences d’essai pour modules CPV . 30
Figure A.1 – Profil d’essai PSD approprié . 37

Tableau A.1 – Sévérité des profils d’essai de transport communs: complets et dans la
plage (5 Hz – 200 Hz) . 35
Tableau A.2 – Référence principale ASTM D4169 (par camion) . 36
Tableau A.3 – Points de grille ISO 13355 . 36
Tableau A.4 – IEC 60068-2-64 / MIL STD 810G . 36
Tableau A.5 – ISTA 3E . 36

COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
MODULES PHOTOVOLTAÏQUES (PV) –
ESSAIS DE TRANSPORT –
Partie 1: Transport et expédition d'unités d'emballage de modules

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