IEC 60705:2024

IEC 60705 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance

Fours à micro-ondes à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à
la fonction
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IEC 60705 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance

Fours à micro-ondes à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à

la fonction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 97.040.20  ISBN 978-2-8327-0016-7

– 2 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Classification . 9
4.1 According to type . 9
4.2 According to characteristics . 9
5 List of measurements . 9
6 General conditions for measurements . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Supply voltage . 11
6.3 Test room . 11
6.4 Water . 11
6.5 Initial condition of the appliance . 11
6.6 Control setting . 11
6.7 Instruments and measurements . 11
6.8 Positioning the appliance . 12
7 Dimensions and volume . 12
7.1 External dimensions . 12
7.2 Internal dimensions and calculated volume . 13
7.2.1 General . 13
7.2.2 Internal height . 14
7.2.3 Internal width . 15
7.2.4 Internal depth . 15
7.2.5 Reciprocating tray . 15
7.2.6 Calculated volume . 15
7.3 Dimensions of accessories . 16
7.3.1 Dimensions of food support . 16
7.3.2 Dimensions of grill grids . 16
7.4 Overall internal dimensions and overall volume . 17
7.4.1 General . 17
7.4.2 Overall height (H) . 17
7.4.3 Overall width (W) . 17
7.4.4 Overall depth (D) . 18
7.4.5 Overall volume of rectangular cavities . 18
7.4.6 Overall volume of non-rectangular cavities . 18
8 Determination of microwave power output . 18
9 Efficiency . 19
10 Energy consumption for the microwave function . 19
10.1 Purpose . 19
10.2 Test load . 20
10.3 Preparation . 20
10.4 Positioning the load in the appliance . 20
10.5 Measurement of energy consumption for a cooking cycle . 20
10.6 Calculation for the energy consumption of a cooking cycle . 21
10.7 Final result . 23

10.8 Reporting of test results . 23
11 Consumption measurement of low-power modes . 23
12 Technical tests for performance . 23
12.1 Purpose . 23
12.2 Square tank test. 24
12.2.1 Procedure . 24
12.2.2 Assessment . 24
12.3 Multiple beakers test . 24
12.3.1 Procedure . 24
12.3.2 Assessment . 27
13 Heating beverages . 27
13.1 Purpose . 27
13.2 Procedure . 27
13.3 Assessment . 28
14 Cooking performance . 28
14.1 General . 28
14.2 Assessment . 28
14.3 Tests . 29
14.3.1 Egg custard . 29
14.3.2 Sponge cake. 29
14.3.3 Meatloaf . 30
14.3.4 Potato gratin . 31
14.3.5 Cake . 32
14.3.6 Chicken . 33
15 Defrosting performance . 33
15.1 Purpose . 33
15.2 Assessment . 33
15.3 Measurement . 34
15.3.1 Container . 34
15.3.2 Ingredients . 35
15.3.3 Procedure . 35
Annex A (informative) Defrosting raspberries . 36
A.1 Purpose . 36
A.2 Test method – Raspberries . 36
A.2.1 Container . 36
A.2.2 Ingredients . 36
A.2.3 Procedure . 36
Annex B (informative) Stirrer . 37
Annex C (informative) Glass container for Clause 8 and Clause 10 . 38
Bibliography . 39

Figure 1 – External dimensions of the microwave oven . 13
Figure 2 – Gauge for measuring these dimensions. 14
Figure 3 – Internal dimensions . 14
Figure 4 – Turntable . 16
Figure 5 – Examples for determining the entire area and usable area of a grill grid . 17
Figure 6 – Square tank . 24

– 4 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
Figure 7 – Beaker . 25
Figure 8 – Position of beakers on rectangular food supports . 26
Figure 9 – Position of beakers on the turntable . 26
Figure 10 – Beaker position for the test of heating beverages . 27
Figure 11 – Shallow dish . 35
Figure B.1 – Plastic stirring adapter . 37
Figure B.2 – Example stirrer . 37
Figure C.1 – Example: small beaker (600 ml) . 38

Table 1 – List of measurements . 10
Table 2 – Instruments . 12
Table 3 – Measurements . 12
Table 4 – Test loads for measuring the energy consumption . 20
Table C.1 – Specification – Glass containers . 38

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD MICROWAVE OVENS –
METHODS FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60705 has been prepared by subcommittee 59K: Performance of household and similar
cooking appliances, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household and similar
electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010, Amendment 1: 2014
and Amendment 2: 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) thematically ordered new sequence of the clauses;
b) updated normative references;
c) introduced a new definition for microwave generator to open the standard for microwave
ovens with one or more magnetrons or solid-state components;
d) aligned with IEC 60350-1:2023 regarding the definitions and references;

– 6 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
e) aligned preparation of water load for Clause 8 and Clause 10;
f) removed the definitions for set to off mode and set to standby mode ;
g) added new definitions regarding low power modes;
h) aligned the low power mode measurement, Clause 11, to IEC 60350-1:2023;
i) revised square tank tests to one new 12.2;
j) revised the dishes used for Clause 12, Clause 13 and Clause 14 and removal of Annex B;
k) removed A.3.3;
l) removed Annex F for measuring the energy consumption of the cooling down period;
m) former Annex E will be substituted by a supporting document located on the IEC's website.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
59K/400/FDIS 59K/404/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

HOUSEHOLD MICROWAVE OVENS –
METHODS FOR MEASURING PERFORMANCE

1 Scope
This document applies to microwave ovens for household and similar use, it also applies to
microwave ovens with grills and combination microwave ovens.
This document defines the main performance characteristics of these appliances, which are of
interest to the user, and it specifies methods for measuring these characteristics.
The manufacturer defines the primary cooking function of the appliance, microwave function
or thermal heat. The primary cooking function will be measured with an existing method
according to energy consumption.
If the primary cooking function is declared as a microwave function, IEC 60705 will be applied
for energy consumption measurement. If the primary cooking function is declared as a thermal
heat, IEC 60350-1 will be applied for energy consumption measurement. If the manufacturer
does not declare the primary function, the performance of the microwave function and thermal
heat is measured as far as it is possible.
NOTE 1 There is currently no measurement method for the energy consumption for grilling and steam functions.
NOTE 2 This document does not deal with safety requirements (see IEC 60335-2-25 [1] ).
NOTE 3 This document does not apply to appliances incorporating thermal heat, steam function or hot steam
function only. These appliances are covered by IEC 60350-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60350-1:2023, Household electric cooking appliances – Part 1: Ranges, ovens, steam
ovens and grills – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specification and tolerances
ISO 80000-1:2022, Quantities and units – Part 1: General
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.

– 8 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
combination microwave function
heat transfer by electromagnetic energy simultaneously or consecutively with energy transfer
by a heating function, by hot steam or by steam
Note 1 to entry: For definitions of a heating function, hot steam function and steam function, IEC 60350-1 is
relevant.
3.2
combination microwave oven
appliance which can be operated by microwave function, combination microwave function
and heating function
Note 1 to entry: For the definition of a heating function, IEC 60350-1 is relevant.
3.3
food support
horizontal support in the cavity on which the load is placed
Note 1 to entry: If the appliance is fitted with a turntable, the turntable is the food support. The food support can
also be a shelf or a reciprocating tray. If recommended by manufacturer's instruction, also the cavity bottom can be
the food support.
3.4
microwave function
function using only electromagnetic energy in one or several of the ISM frequency bands
between 300 MHz and 30 GHz for heating food and beverages in a cavity
3.5
microwave function with grill
heat transmission by electromagnetic energy simultaneously or consecutively with energy
transfer by radiant heat typically from the top of the cavity
3.6
microwave oven with grill
microwave oven in which microwave energy is combined with grill
3.7
microwave generator
device in an appliance for generating microwave energy, i.e. one or more magnetrons or solid-
state components
3.8
microwave oven
appliance using only electromagnetic energy in one or several of the ISM frequency bands
between 300 MHz and 30 GHz, for heating food and beverages in a cavity
Note 1 to entry: ISM frequency bands are the electromagnetic frequencies established by the ITU and reproduced
in CISPR 11 [2].
3.9
microwave transparent
property of a material with microwaves passing through, having negligible absorption and
reflection
Note 1 to entry: The relative permittivity of a microwave transparent material is less than 7 and the relative loss
factor is less than 0,015.
3.10
rated voltage
voltage assigned to the appliance by the manufacturer
4 Classification
4.1 According to type
Appliances are classified according to their type:
– microwave oven,
– combination microwave oven,
– microwave oven with grill.
The type shall be reported.
4.2 According to characteristics
Appliances are classified according to their characteristics:
– cavity dimensions,
– dimensions of shelves,
– moved food support, e.g. reciprocating tray, turntable,
– possible thermal heating modes (grilling, heating function, steam function etc.), combination
modes.
The characteristics shall be reported.
5 List of measurements
Table 1 shows which measurement shall be applied for the relevant function.

– 10 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
Table 1 – List of measurements
Measurements Clause or Applicable to
subclause
microwave microwave microwave microwave microwave
function function function in function in function in
with grill combination combination combination
with heating with hot with steam
function steam
Dimensions
7 Applicable to all appliances which are under the scope.
and volume
Microwave
8 x - - - -
power output
Efficiency 9 x - - - -
Energy
10 x - - - -
consumption
Consumption
measurement
11 Applicable to all appliances which are under the scope.
of low power
modes
Square tank 12.2 x - - - -
Multiple
12.3 x - - - -
beakers
Heating
13 x - - - -
beverages
Egg custard 14.3.1 x - - - x
Sponge cake 14.3.2 x - - - x
Meatloaf 14.3.3 x - - - x
Potato gratin 14.3.4 - x x x -
Cake 14.3.5 - x x x -
Chicken 14.3.6 - x x x -
Meat defrosting 15 x - - - x
For definition of grill, heating function, hot steam function and steam function, IEC 60350-1 is relevant.

6 General conditions for measurements
6.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, the measurements are made under the following conditions.
When a metal food support is provided and used for the measurements, the load position and
the corresponding shape of the metal food support shall be reported.
If not otherwise specified, the food support is placed in the cavity in its lowest position.
NOTE The positioning influences the repeatability of the test results.
If numbers shall be rounded, they shall be rounded according to ISO 80000-1:2022, Clause B.3
Rule B. If the rounding takes place to the right of the comma, the omitted places shall not be
filled with zeros.
6.2 Supply voltage
The supply voltage shall be maintained at the main terminal at rated voltage ±1 %, while the
microwave operation is switched on. If the appliance has a rated voltage range, the tests are
carried out at the nominal voltage of the country where the appliance is intended to be used.
The supply frequency shall be at the rated frequency ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency
range is indicated, then the test frequency shall be the nominal frequency of the country in
which the appliance is intended to be used.
The supply voltage measured during the tests shall be recorded.
The supply voltage shall be essentially sinusoidal.
NOTE 1 For recording the supply voltage, only the power on period is relevant.
NOTE 2 In the case of a fixed cable, the plug (or the end of the cable furthest from the appliance) is the reference
point to maintain the voltage.
6.3 Test room
For the tests in Clause 8, Clause 10 and Clause 11, the temperature shall be 23 °C ± 2 °C
during the entire test.
The measurement of the ambient temperature shall not be influenced by the appliance itself or
by any other appliance.
The other tests are carried out in a substantially draught-free room in which the ambient
temperature is maintained at 20 °C ± 5 °C.
6.4 Water
Potable water is used for the tests.
6.5 Initial condition of the appliance
At the beginning of each test, the appliance has not been operated for a period of at least 6 h.
NOTE 1 The period of at least 6 h can be reduced if it can be demonstrated that the temperature of the microwave
generator and the power supply is within 5 K of the ambient temperature and 2 K of the ambient temperature for
tests Clause 8 and Clause 10.
Forced cooling can be used to assist in reducing the appliance temperature.
6.6 Control setting
The tests are carried out with the controls set to give the highest power output. Unless otherwise
specified, the measurements are made with boost function, if available.
6.7 Instruments and measurements
Instruments used and measurements made for this document shall comply with the following
specifications detailed in Table 2 and Table 3.

– 12 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
Table 2 – Instruments
Parameter Unit Minimum Maximum Additional requirements
resolution permissible error
Mass g 0,5 g ± 1 g
Temperature
– ambient temperature °C 0,1 °C ± 1 K
– water load °C 0,1 °C ± 1,5 K 1 mm steel tube
diameter, class 1
according to IEC 60584-1
Time s 1 s ± 1 s
Energy Wh – ± 1 %
≤ 1 mm or 0,5 %
Dimensions mm 1 mm 1 mm
whatever is the greater
Table 3 – Measurements
Parameter Unit Minimum Maximum Additional requirements
resolution permissible error
Electrical energy Wh ± 1,0 %
Voltage V ± 0,5 %
Temperature and energy Sampling rate ≤ 1 s

consumption measurement
6.8 Positioning the appliance
Freestanding appliances are placed with their back against a wall and positioned away from
sidewalls, unless otherwise specified in the instructions. Other appliances are installed in
accordance with the instructions for installation.
7 Dimensions and volume
7.1 External dimensions
For free-standing appliances or appliances placed on a surface, the overall height, width and
depth of the appliance, excluding any knobs and handles on the front surface, are measured.
The depth is also measured with the door fully open. The dimensions are shown in Figure 1. If
adjustable feet are provided, the height of the appliance is determined with the feet in their
minimum and maximum positions.
The dimensions are stated in millimetres.

Key
h height
w width
d depth
d depth with the door open
Figure 1 – External dimensions of the microwave oven
For built-in appliances, IEC 60350-1:2023, Figure 3, is applicable.
7.2 Internal dimensions and calculated volume
7.2.1 General
The measurement of the calculated volume is to be carried out at ambient temperature.
For verification purposes, a gauge, as shown in Figure 2, shall be used to determine all of the
three dimensions. The gauge shall be used without appreciable force. Dimensions are stated
in millimetres.
The height, width and depth of the calculated volume in the cavity shall be measured according
to 7.2.2 to 7.2.4. The measurements are shown in Figure 3.
The turntable is essential for the operation of the appliance, therefore it is not removed. How to
consider the turntable is shown in Figure 4.
Appliances having an internal height of less than 120 mm are disregarded.

– 14 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024

Key
D 200 mm or 120 mm
X dimension to be measured
(See 7.2.2, 7.2.3 and 7.2.4.)
Figure 2 – Gauge for measuring these dimensions

Key
d depth
g heating element
h height
w width
Figure 3 – Internal dimensions
7.2.2 Internal height
The height is the maximum length of a cylinder with a diameter of 200 mm reaching vertically
from the centre of the cooking cavity bottom (if it does not have a turntable) or from the turntable
to the lowest point on the ceiling. No accessories, such as a grill grid, are inserted.

A lamp, a heating element, or similar object in the area of the cylinder can constitute the lowest
point of the ceiling. Protruding parts such as lamp covers, heating elements and fixing hooks
shall not be removed or folded away.
In the event that either the width or the depth of the cavity is less than 250 mm, the diameter of
the cylinder to be measured shall be reduced to 120 mm.
NOTE The centre of the cavity bottom is defined by the middle of the depth and the middle of the width.
7.2.3 Internal width
The width is the maximum length of a cylinder with a diameter of 200 mm reaching horizontally
from the left-hand side wall to the right-hand side wall of the cavity.
In the event that either the height or the depth of the cavity is less than 250 mm, the diameter
of the cylinder to be measured shall be reduced to 120 mm.
Side racks shall be removed if they can be removed without a tool. If parts are fixed to or by
the side racks, they shall be removed as well.
NOTE 1 A coin or a spoon is not considered as a tool.
NOTE 2 The centre of the side wall of the cavity is defined by the middle of the depth and the middle of the height.
7.2.4 Internal depth
The depth is the maximum length of a cylinder with a diameter of 200 mm reaching horizontally
from the centre of the rear wall to the inner face of the closed door.
In the event that either the width or the height of the cavity is less than 250 mm, the diameter
of the cylinder to be measured shall be reduced to 120 mm.
For measuring the depth, the gauge is placed on a support in such a way that the axis lies
horizontally in the centre of the cavity, the axis being extended slightly over the expected depth.
The door is closed carefully so that the gauge is compressed to give the depth.
NOTE The centre of the rear wall of the cavity is defined by the middle of the height and the middle of the width.
7.2.5 Reciprocating tray
If there is a reciprocating tray, the extent of movement of the tray is measured and subtracted
from the internal dimension in the direction of reciprocation as measured above.
7.2.6 Calculated volume
The volume is calculated from these dimensions and is given in litres rounded to the nearest
full litre.
If the appliance has a turntable, the base area for the volume is determined by the circular area
formed by twice the minimum distance (independent at which height) between the axis of
rotation of the turntable and the nearest wall or door multiplied with the internal height, as shown
in Figure 4.
If the turntable can be switched off the rectangular volume from the dimension's width, height
and depth is calculated. Both circular and rectangular volumes are stated.

– 16 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024

Key
d depth
r distance from centre of rotation of the turntable to the nearest wall
max
1 centre of rotation of the turntable
2 turntable
3 inside surface of the door
Figure 4 – Turntable
If it is permissible to operate the appliance with the cavity divided into two parts by the use of
components supplied with the appliance, the volume of each part shall be determined
separately and the two volumes are added together.
In any case, the largest achievable volume shall be reported.
7.3 Dimensions of accessories
7.3.1 Dimensions of food support
The width and depth of a rectangular food support are measured or for a round food support,
the diameter is measured. The dimensions are determined 5 mm above the surface of the food
support.
2 2
The surface area is calculated (cm ), rounded to the nearest 10 cm .
NOTE The food support can be a shelf, grid, baking sheet, turntable or the bottom of cavity.
7.3.2 Dimensions of grill grids
7.3.2.1 Entire area
The entire area of the grill grid is determined by measuring the maximum width and the
maximum depth of the outer rods. This entire area of the grill grid is calculated and stated in
square centimetres, rounded to 10 cm .
7.3.2.2 Usable area
The usable width and usable depth of the grill grid are measured, by considering only the inner
grid, which is suitable for placing food. The usable area of the grill grid is calculated and stated
in square centimetres, rounded to 10 cm . See Figure 5.

a) Example 1 b) Example 2 c) Example 3

Key
a maximum width of the grill grid
b maximum depth of the grill grid
c usable width of the grill grid
d usable depth of the grill grid
Figure 5 – Examples for determining the entire area and usable area of a grill grid
7.4 Overall internal dimensions and overall volume
7.4.1 General
Where the surfaces forming the boundaries of the cavity incorporate protrusions or depressions,
the planes used for measurement shall be those comprising the largest percentages of the total
areas of the surfaces. Holes in surfaces shall be disregarded when calculating areas for this
determination.
The following volumes or spaces shall be disregarded:
– those occupied by removable items specified by the manufacturer as not essential for the
operation of the appliance, such as shelves or temperature probes;
– those occupied by radiant heating elements if provided;
– those occupied by minor irregularities in the cooking compartment walls, including covers
over waveguides and lamps;
– those occupied by turntables or reciprocating trays, their drive mechanisms and support
arrangements;
– corner radii smaller than 10 mm at the intersections of the interior surfaces of the cooking
cavity.
Dimensions are stated in millimetres.
7.4.2 Overall height (H)
The overall height is the maximum vertical distance in millimetres between the plane of the
cooking cavity bottom and the plane of the cavity ceiling.
7.4.3 Overall width (W)
The overall width is the maximum horizontal distance in millimetres between the planes of the
cavity side walls.
– 18 – IEC 60705:2024 © IEC 2024
7.4.4 Overall depth (D)
The overall depth is the maximum horizontal distance in millimetres from the plane of the inside
surface of the door when closed with the interlocks engaged to the plane of the rear cavity wall.
The overall dimensions of microwave dr
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