IEC 62899-302-3:2021

IEC 62899-302-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 302-3: Equipment – Inkjet – Imaging-based measurement of drop direction
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc

If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 62899-302-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 302-3: Equipment – Inkjet – Imaging-based measurement of drop direction

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 19.080; 37.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-9286-0

– 2 – IEC 62899-302-3:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Measurement methods . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Process for projected angle using one double flash drop watcher (method 1) . 7
4.3 Process for projected angle using one single flash drop watcher (method 2) . 8
4.4 Process for projected angle using one strobe flash drop watcher (method 3) . 8
4.5 Process for trajectory angles using two double flash drop watchers (method 4)
............................................................................................................................... 8
4.6 Process for trajectory angles using two single flash drop watchers (method 5)
............................................................................................................................... 8
4.7 Process for trajectory angles using two strobe flash drop watchers (method 6) . 8
Annex A (informative) Determination of jetted drop direction . 9
A.1 Imaging-based measurements of jetted drop direction . 9
A.2 Formulae used for imaging results from the measurements . 13
A.2.1 Formulae for projected angle using one double flash drop watcher
(method 1) . 13
A.2.2 Formulae for projected angle using one single flash drop watcher
(method 2) . 13
A.2.3 Formulae for projected angle using one strobe drop watcher (method 3) . 13
A.2.4 Formulae for trajectory angles using two double flash drop watchers
(method 4) . 14
A.2.5 Formulae for measured trajectory angles using two single flash drop
watchers (method 5) . 15
A.2.6 Formulae for measured trajectory angles using two strobe flash drop
watchers (method 6) . 17
A.3 Recording . 18
Bibliography . 20

Figure A.1 – Schematic representation of jetted drop positions below a jetting nozzle
(0) for double flash (1-2), single flash (1-2ʹ) and strobe flash (1ʺ-2ʺ) at different delays . 10
Figure A.2 – Schematic representation of a) the projected angle δ in 2-D and b) the
trajectory angles θ and ψ in 3-D . 11
Figure A.3 – Example of two orthogonally-mounted in-flight imaging drop watchers . 12

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 302-3: Equipment – Inkjet –
Imaging-based measurement of drop direction

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62899-302-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 119:
Printed Electronics.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
119/332/FDIS 119/344/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – IEC 62899-302-3:2021 © IEC 2021
A list of all parts in the IEC 62899 series, published under the general title Printed electronics,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION
Establishing the jetted drop direction under specific operating conditions of inks and inkjet
print-heads is significant for accurate drop placement during the manufacture of printed
electronics. Manufacturers that include such print-heads in their equipment should know the
angular spread of ink drop directions because this influences the achievable spatial resolution
of the printed material, and in particular whether any neighbouring conducting tracks could be
connected by stray materials, which would affect the printed electronics' product performance.
This document defines the methods for in-flight imaging measurement of jetted drop direction
from drop-on-demand type inkjet print-heads to be used in printed electronics equipment.

– 6 – IEC 62899-302-3:2021 © IEC 2021
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 302-3: Equipment – Inkjet –
Imaging-based measurement of drop direction

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62899 specifies in-flight imaging methods for the measurement of the
direction of ink drops jetted from inkjet print-heads using drop watchers. It does not apply to
holographic or other interference techniques, or to any method assessing deposited ink drops.
It is specific to drop-on-demand type inkjet print-heads (used in printed electronics
equipment).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 62899-302-1, Printed electronics – Equipment – Inkjet – Imaging based measurement of
jetting speed
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 62899-302-1 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
inkjet nozzle plane
flat outer surface of the inkjet print-head nozzle plate
Note 1 to entry: The inkjet nozzle plane is defined for a drop-on-demand multi-nozzle print-head, or as otherwise
specified by the print-head manufacturer or inkjet equipment integrator and stated in the measurement results.
3.2
nozzle row direction
line in the inkjet nozzle plane passing through a row of nozzle exit centres
Note 1 to entry: Typically along the length of the inkjet nozzle plane, or as otherwise specified by the print-head
manufacturer or inkjet equipment integrator and stated in the measurement results.
3.3
reference direction
normal angle (90°) to the inkjet nozzle plate
Note 1 to entry: Or as oth
...