IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020

IEC 60601-1-10
Edition 1.0 2020-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
AMENDMENT 2
AMENDEMENT 2
Medical electrical equipment –
Part 1-10: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –
Collateral Standard: Requirements for the development of physiologic
closed-loop controllers
Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-10: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances
essentielles – Norme collatérale: Exigences pour le développement des
régulateurs physiologiques en boucle fermée

IEC 60601-1-10:2007-11/AMD2:2020-07(en-fr)

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IEC 60601-1-10
Edition 1.0 2020-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
A MENDMENT 2
AM ENDEMENT 2
Medical electrical equipment –

Part 1-10: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance –

Collateral Standard: Requirements for the development of physiologic

closed-loop controllers
Appareils électromédicaux –
Partie 1-10: Exigences générales pour la sécurité de base et les performances

essentielles – Norme collatérale: Exigences pour le développement des

régulateurs physiologiques en boucle fermée

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 11.040.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-8622-7

– 2 – IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020
© IEC 2020
FOREWORD
This amendment has been prepared by subcommittee 62A: Common aspects of electrical
equipment used in medical practice, of IEC technical committee 62: Electrical equipment in
medical practice, and ISO subcommittee 3: Respiratory devices and related equipment used for
patient care, of ISO technical committee 121: Anaesthetic and respiratory equipment.
It is published as a double logo amendment.
The text of this amendment is based on the following documents of IEC:
FDIS Report on voting
62A/1394/FDIS 62A/1409/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table. In ISO, the amendment has been approved by 17 P
members out of 17 having cast a vote.
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
NOTE The attention of users of this document is drawn to the fact that equipment manufacturers and testing
organizations may need a transitional period following publication of a new, amended or revised IEC or
ISO publication in which to make products in accordance with the new requirements and to equip themselves for
conducting new or revised tests. It is the recommendation of the committee that the content of this publication be
adopted for mandatory implementation nationally not earlier than 3 years from the date of publication.

_____________
© IEC 2020
INTRODUCTION TO AMENDMENT 2
The first edition of IEC 60601-1-10 was published in 2007 and amended in 2013. Since the
publication of IEC 60601-1-10:2007+A1:2013, the IEC Subcommittee (SC) 62A Secretariat has
been collecting issues from a variety of sources including comments from National Committees.
At the November 2015 meeting of IEC/SC 62A in Kobe, Japan, the subcommittee initiated a
process to identify high-priority issues that need to be considered in an amendment and should
not wait until the second edition of IEC 60601-1-10, which is presently targeted for publication
sometime after 2024.
Those issues selected for inclusion on the final "short list" to be addressed in Amendment 2
were those approved by a 2/3 majority of the National Committees present and voting at the
Frankfurt meeting of SC 62A. At the meeting held on 10 October 2016, 13 items were presented
to the National Committees present. All 13 items received the required 2/3 majority of the
National Committees present and voting and have been included in the "short list" for
consideration in preparing Amendment 2. All remaining issues have been placed on a "long list"
for consideration in the second edition of IEC 60601-1-10.
The "short list" of issues was documented in the design specification for Amendment 2. As
IEC 60601-1-10 was jointly developed with ISO/TC 121/SC 3, the work was assigned to
IEC/SC 62A-ISO/TC 121/SC 3 Joint Working Group (JWG) 5. JWG 5 was directed to consider
each issue described in Clause 6 of the design specification and develop an appropriate
solution for the identified problem. That final solution in this amendment can encompass any
technical solution proposed by the author of the issue or it can involve a different solution
developed by the expert group. The expert group can also have recommended that no change
to the standard was justified by the problem statement.
Because this is an amendment to IEC 60601-1-10:2007, the style in force at the time of
publication of IEC 60601-1-10 has been applied to this amendment. The style specified in
ISO/IEC Directives Part 2:2018 has only been applied when implementing the new style
guidance would not result in additional editorial changes. For example, references to
amendments take the following form: "IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012+A2:2020".
Users of this document should note that when constructing the dated references to specific
elements in a standard, such as definitions, amendments are only referenced if they modified
the text being cited. For example, if a reference is made to a definition that has not been
modified by an amendment, then the reference to the amendment is not included in the dated
reference.
– 4 – IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020
© IEC 2020
1.1 * Scope
Replace the existing second paragraph and note with the following new paragraph and example:
This collateral standard specifies requirements for the development (analysis, design,
VERIFICATION and VALIDATION) of a PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER (PCLC) as part of a
PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (PCLCS) to control at least one PATIENT VARIABLE (i.e.
a PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE) in ME EQUIPMENT and ME SYSTEMS.
EXAMPLE A PATIENT VARIABLE can be a measure of body chemistry (e.g. electrolytes or blood glucose value), a
physical property (e.g. body temperature, electrophysiologic characteristic, hemodynamic quantity), or a
pharmaceutical concentration.
1.3.1 IEC 60601-1
Replace, in the first two dashes of the existing second paragraph, the parentheses, added by
Amendment 1, with the words ", including any amendments".
2 Normative references
Replace the existing references to IEC 60601-1, IEC 60601-1-6, IEC 60601-1-8, IEC 62366 and
ISO 14971, modified by Amendment 1, by the following new references:
IEC 60601-1:2005, Medical electrical equipment – Part 1: General requirements for basic safety
and essential performance
Amendment 1:2012
Amendment 2:2020
IEC 60601-1-6:2010, Medical electrical equipment – Part 1-6: General requirements for basic
safety and essential performance – Collateral standard: Usability
Amendment 1:2013
Amendment 2:2020
IEC 60601-1-8:2006, Medical electrical equipment – Part 1-8: General requirements for basic
safety and essential performance – Collateral Standard: General requirements, tests and
guidance for alarm systems in medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems
Amendment 1:2012
Amendment 2:2020
IEC 62366-1:2015, Medical devices – Part 1: Application of usability engineering to medical
devices
Amendment 1:2020
ISO 14971:2019, Medical devices – Application of risk management to medical devices
Add the following new normative reference:
ISO 9000:2015, Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
Replace the existing first paragraph with the following new paragraph:
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012+A2:2020, IEC 60601-1-6:2010+A1:2013+A2:2020, IEC 60601-1-
8:2006+A1:2012+A2:2020, IEC 62366-1:2015+A1:2020, ISO 9000:2015 and the following
apply.
© IEC 2020
Figure 1 – Functional diagram indicating typical components of a PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-
LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM (PCLCS) utilizing a PCLC
Add, to the definition of symbol "y" in the existing key, the word "controlled" before "PHYSIOLOGIC
VARIABLE".
3.4
* COMMAND VARIABLE
Add the following new note:
NOTE A COMMAND VARIABLE may be a range or a function (e.g. clinical protocol).
3.20
* PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER
Add the following new notes:
NOTE 1 A PCLC may utilize multiple PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES and COMMAND VARIABLES as well as multiple
CONTROLLER OUTPUT VARIABLES.
NOTE 2 A PATIENT VARIABLE may be used as an input to adjust the parameters of the CONTROL TRANSFER ELEMENT.
3.21
PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE
Replace the existing definition with the following new definition:
PATIENT VARIABLE intended to be controlled
Delete the existing note.
3.23
RELATIVE OVERSHOOT
Add, after "PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE" in the existing Note 1, the words "or FEEDBACK VARIABLE".
Add the following new term and definition:
3.29
* PATIENT VARIABLE
PATIENT attribute, characteristic, quantity or condition that is measured
EXAMPLE A PATIENT VARIABLE can be a measure of body chemistry (e.g. electrolytes or blood glucose value), a
physical property (e.g. body temperature, electrophysiologic characteristic, hemodynamic quantity), or a
pharmaceutical concentration.
4 * General requirements
Add, before the word "substances" in the existing two bullets of the first paragraph, the words
"or removed" in two places.
Add, after the existing dash "PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT, including any hysteresis" of the first
paragraph, the following new dash:
– uncertainty of the model of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT;
5.1 * Instructions for use
Replace, in the existing second paragraph, "Table C.2" with "Table C.1".

– 6 – IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020
© IEC 2020
5.2 Technical description
Add, before the first existing paragraph, the following new paragraph:
In addition to the requirements in 7.9.3 of the general standard, the technical description shall
contain the PCLCS block diagram and theory of operation.
Replace, in the existing first paragraph, "Table C.3" with "Table C.2".
Add, after the existing paragraph, the following new paragraph:
Compliance is checked by inspection of the technical description.
SABILITY
6.1 * U
Replace the three existing dashes after "the current value of:" with the following new dashes:
– COMMAND VARIABLE or REFERENCE VARIABLE;
– CONTROLLER OUTPUT VARIABLE or MANIPULATED VARIABLE;
– PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE or FEEDBACK VARIABLE; and
– any PATIENT VARIABLE that is used by the PCLC;
6.3 * PCLCS VARIABLE logging
Replace the existing first paragraph with the following new paragraphs:
ME EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEMS that incorporate a PCLC shall provide a means to log the values
of at least
– the COMMAND VARIABLE or REFERENCE VARIABLE;
– the CONTROLLER OUTPUT VARIABLE or MANIPULATED VARIABLE;
– the PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE or FEEDBACK VARIABLE; and
– any PATIENT VARIABLE that is used by the PCLC.
The log is necessary to analyze the performance of the PCLCS. The resolution and duration of
the log shall be based on HAZARDS identified in Clause 4. The log should be capable of storing
the information for a reasonable period of time.
8.2.1 RECORDS and PROCESS scaling
Replace, in the existing first paragraph, "IEC 62304:2006" with "Clause 14 of the general
standard".
8.2.2.1 * Application specification
Replace the existing subclause, including its title, with the following new subclause and title:
8.2.2.1 * USE SPECIFICATION
The MANUFACTURER shall prepare the USE SPECIFICATION, as required in IEC 62366-1, of the
ME EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEM that incorporates a PCLC.
A summary of the USE SPECIFICATION shall be included in the instructions for use.
Compliance is checked by inspection of the USABILITY ENGINEERING FILE and the instructions for
use.
© IEC 2020
8.2.2.2 * State VARIABLES
Replace the existing subclause, including its title, with the following new subclause and title:
8.2.2.2 * PCLCS attributes
MANUFACTURER shall characterize attributes of the following:
The
– the COMMAND VARIABLE or REFERENCE VARIABLE;
– the CONTROLLER OUTPUT VARIABLE or MANIPULATED VARIABLE;
– the PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE or FEEDBACK VARIABLE; and
– the PATIENT VARIABLE that is used by the PCLC.
The MANUFACTURER shall characterize the limitations and ranges of the PATIENT TRANSFER
ELEMENT, including INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY and INTRAPATIENT VARIABILITY.
If practicable, the MANUFACTURER shall develop and use a mathematical model to characterize
the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT. If using a MATHEMATICAL MODEL, the MANUFACTURER shall provide
a justification to support that the model represents the relevant PATIENT responses. The
INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY and INTRAPATIENT VARIABILITY and identify
justification shall consider
the limitations of that model, including a characterization of the uncertainty of that mathematical
model, such as by using a credibility assessment framework.
NOTE See reference [14] for additional information.
If developing a mathematical model of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT is not practicable, the
MANUFACTURER shall provide a justification for any assumptions made regarding the PATIENT
TRANSFER ELEMENT.
The MANUFACTURER shall describe the PCLC modes of operation.
Compliance is checked by inspection of the RISK MANAGEMENT FILE.
8.2.5.1 * VALIDATION plan
Replace, in the existing first paragraph, the fourth and fifth dashes with the following new
dashes:
– monitoring of the PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES or FEEDBACK VARIABLES;
– PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT, including INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY and INTRAPATIENT
VARIABILITY; and
Replace, in the existing note, the word "NOTE" with "NOTE 1".
Add, after the existing note, the following new paragraph and note:
When a mathematical model of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT is used as part of PCLCS
VALIDATION, the MANUFACTURER shall provide a rationale to support that the model is sufficiently
credible for its role in PCLCS VALIDATION. A credibility assessment framework may be used to
generate a rationale to support that a mathematical model is sufficiently credible for a proposed
context of use.
NOTE 2 See reference [14] for additional information.
A.1 General guidance
Add, after "delivery" in the existing first paragraph, the words "or removal".

– 8 – IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020
© IEC 2020
Replace, in the existing note following the third paragraph, the word "NOTE" with "NOTE 1".
Replace the existing Example 1 with the following new example:
EXAMPLE 1 ME EQUIPMENT providing a safety interlock that stops (and does not titrate or restart) energy or
substance delivery based on physiologic limits is not a PCLCS because the PATIENT VARIABLE is not controlled (i.e. it
is not a PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE). For example, ME EQUIPMENT that stops, or decreases by a pre-determined rate, the
infusion of a sedative-hypnotic or opioid intravenous infusion when blood oxygen saturation (SpO ) or respiratory
rate decreases below threshold values is not a PCLCS. On the other hand it would be a PCLCS, if the ME EQUIPMENT
interrupts and restarts the infusion or increases the infusion based on a PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE rising above a
threshold or falling below a threshold.
Replace the existing Example 3 with the following new example:
EXAMPLE 3 A pressure-controlled (or pressure-regulated volume-controlled) ventilator that uses airway pressure
(or pressure and volume) for feedback to control breathing system pressure. The ventilator is a closed-loop control
system, but not a PCLCS, because while the breathing system pressure (or pressure and volume) is both the
'MANIPULATED VARIABLE' and 'FEEDBACK VARIABLE', it is not a quantity or condition measured from the PATIENT.
Replace, in the existing note following Example 3, the word "NOTE" with "NOTE 2".
Add, after the words "baby incubator uses" in the existing Example 4, the article "the" and add,
after "baby's temperature", the parenthetical "(e.g. skin or core)".
Add, after the existing Example 8, the following new example:
EXAMPLE 9 Sleep apnoea breathing therapy equipment (including auto CPAP or auto continuous positive airway
pressure equipment) uses air flow and pressure from inside the equipment for feedback control to control the
delivered pressure. CPAP equipment is a closed-loop control system, but not a PCLCS, because while the breathing
system pressure is both the MANIPULATED VARIABLE and FEEDBACK VARIABLE, it is not a quantity or condition measured
from the PATIENT.
A.2 Rationale for particular clauses and subclauses
Definition 3.8 – DISTRIBUTED PCLCS
Replace, in the existing first paragraph, the second sentence with the following new sentence:
A typical example would be a stand-alone anaesthesia workstation controlling the effect of the
anaesthetic (for example, blood pressure or EEG measurement).
Definition 3.20 – PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER
Replace the existing text with the following new text:
A PHYSIOLOGIC CLOSED-LOOP CONTROLLER uses feedback from a PATIENT VARIABLE (i.e. a
PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE) to adjust that variable to the COMMAND VARIABLE. Such a controlled
PATIENT VARIABLE is called a PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE. Many such controllers are therapeutic
controllers because they are being used to control the flow of energy or substances to a PATIENT
for therapeutic purposes. The committee chose to not use "therapeutic" in the defined term
because these controllers could also be used to control the delivery of non-therapeutic
substances such as anaesthetic agents.
A PCLCS by design can incorporate multiple PCLCS, multiple PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES or multiple
COMMAND VARIABLES. A PATIENT VARIABLE that is not controlled can be measured from the
PATIENT and used to influence output of the CONTROL TRANSFER ELEMENT by adjusting algorithm
parameters.
EXAMPLE 1 Neonatal PATIENT oxygenation based on controlled SpO can measure pulse rate to adjust the gain in
the PCLC. The PATIENT VARIABLE, pulse rate, is not being controlled but is a variable directly affecting the output of
the PCLC.
© IEC 2020
EXAMPLE 2 Hemodynamic control of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) by fluid
resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. In this example, two PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES are being controlled (CO and
MAP) by infusion of fluid and vasopressors. The MANIPULATED VARIABLES are the rate of fluid and vasopressor infusion
and the COMMAND VARIABLES are the desired CO and MAP. This is an example of a multiple-input multiple-output
PCLC.
Add, after the existing rationale to 3.22, the following new rationale:
Definition 3.29 – PATIENT VARIABLE
The term PATIENT VARIABLE distinguishes between a controlled PATIENT VARIABLE (i.e.
PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLE) and a PATIENT VARIABLE that is not directly controlled. A PATIENT VARIABLE
can be used to affect different elements of the PCLCS (e.g. is used to adjust a parameter in the
PCLC or FEEDBACK ELEMENT).
While environmental factors like ambient temperature, ambient light, etc. can also be recorded
and used for adjustments of the controller output variable, a measured PATIENT VARIABLE reflects
attribute, characteristic, quantity or condition of the PATIENT that is not just a reflection of those
environmental conditions.
Subclause 5.1 – Instructions for use
Replace, in the existing first paragraph, modified by Amendment 1, the reference "IEC 62366"
with "IEC 62366-1".
Replace, in the existing first sentence of the third paragraph, the words "end-tidal PATIENT
anaesthetic agent concentration" with "anaesthetic agent effect on the PATIENT".
Subclause 8.2.2.1 – Application specification
Replace the existing rationale, including the title, by the following new rationale and title:
Subclause 8.2.2.1 – USE SPECIFICATION
The ME EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEM USE SPECIFICATION describes the important attributes that are
fundamental to their function. The ME EQUIPMENT or ME SYSTEM USE SPECIFICATION is the
foundation for defining the PCLCS.
VARIABLES
Subclause 8.2.2.2 – State
Replace the existing title with the following new title:
Subclause 8.2.2.2 – PCLCS attributes
Replace the existing penultimate dash "Limits of the range of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT",
including the rationale, with the following new dash:
– Model of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT
It might not be practicable to capture the full spectrum of human variation in a model of sufficient
fidelity of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT for either development or validation due to (for
example) ethical or experimental constraints. Establishing the limits of the model is fundamental
to the safe operation of a PCLCS as it impacts the approach taken to validate the PCLCS.
Understanding the limits of variation, including the INTERPATIENT VARIABILITY and INTRAPATIENT
VARIABILITY, of transfer function that is embodied by the model of the PATIENT TRANSFER ELEMENT
is necessary for the design of a safe and effective PCLCS.

– 10 – IEC 60601-1-10:2007/AMD2:2020
© IEC 2020
C.1 ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, instructions for use
Replace, in the existing paragraph, "Table C.2" with "Table C.1.
Table C.2 – ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, instructions for use
Replace, in the existing title, "Table C.2" with "Table C.1".
Replace the existing penultimate requirement, "Summary of application specification" with
"Summary of USE SPECIFICATION".
C.2 ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, technical description
Replace, in the existing paragraph, "Table C.3" with "Table C.2".
Table C.3 – ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, technical description
Replace, in the existing title, "Table C.3" with "Table C.2".
Bibliography
Add the following new entry to the Bibliography:
[14] ASME V&V 40-2018, Assessing Credibility of Computational Modeling Through
Verification and Validation: Application to Medical Devices
Index of defined terms used in this collateral standard
Replace the following existing terms in the index, modified by Amendment 1:
ALARM CONDITION . IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012, 3.141
ALARM SIGNAL . IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012, 3.142
ALARM SYSTEM . IEC 60601-1-:2005+A1:2012, 3.143
HAZARD. IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012+A2:2020, 3.39
INFORMATION SIGNAL . IEC 60601-1:2005+A2:2020, 3.150
INTENDED USE . IEC 60601-1:2005+A2:2020, 3.44
MANUFACTURER . IEC 60601-1:2005+A2:2020, 3.55
OBJECTIVE EVIDENCE . IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012+A2:2020, 3.72
OPERATOR PROFILE . IEC 60601-1-6:2006+A2:2020, 3.2
PROCESS . IEC 60601-1:2005+A2:2020, 3.89
RECORD . IEC 60601-1:2005+A1:2012+A2:2020, 3.98
RESIDUA
...